Inspection through Scavenge Ports Plate 70701-40D

1) Dismount the small covers on the

scavenge air boxes, and clean the
openings.

2) When the piston has been turned

below the level of the scavenge
air ports, inspect the cylinder liner
walls and the piston crown.

3) A tiltable mirror fixed to a tele-

scopic rod can be used as illus-
trated.
Use a powerful light source for
inspection.

4) In order to inspect a larger area of

the cylinder liner and piston, it is
expedient to enter the scavenge
air receiver and make observa-
tions from the ‘ ‘ exhaust side’’.
This should be done every time
the sludge is cleaned out from the
scavenge air receiver and box.

5) While the piston is passing the

scavenge air port, examine the
piston crown, the rings, and the
skirt.
In order to be able to correctly ob-
serve the running surfaces of the
piston rings, clean them with a
rag.

Check the free movement and the

tension of the piston rings, by
pressing them with a wooden
stick.

6) When the piston has been turned

upwards past the scavenge air
ports, inspect the piston rod.

7) Note down the results on Plate

70702.
Plate 70702-40D Inspection through Scavenge Ports, Record

M/V Engine Type: Running hours Checked by:

Yard: Builder: Engine Total:
Cylinder oil
No.: Built year: No.: dosage: Date:

Cylinder No.
Condition and Symbol Engine Part
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Carbon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C Piston Crown
Burning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BU
Leakage oil . . . . . . . . . . . . LO
Leakage water . . . . . . . . . LW

No deposit . . . . . . . . . . . . ! Topland
Light deposit . . . . . . . . . . . LC
Ringland 1
Excessive deposit . . . . . . EC
Polished deposit . . . . . . . PC Ringland 2

Ringland 3

Intact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ! Ring 1
Broken opposite ring gap BO
Ring 2
Broken near gap . . . . . . . BN
Several pieces . . . . . . . . . SP Ring 3
Entirely missing . . . . . . . . M
Collapsed . . . . . . . . . . . . . COL Ring 4
Loose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ! Ring 1
Sluggish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SL
Sticking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ST Ring 2
Running surface,
! Black, overall . . . . . . . . B Ring 3
! Black, partly . . . . . . . . . (B)
Black ring ends > 100 mm BR Ring 4

Clean, smooth . . . . . . . . . ! Ring 1

Scratches (vertical) . . . . . S
Ring 2
Micro-seizures (local) . . . mz
Micro-seizures (all over) . MZ Ring 3
Micro-seizures, still active MAZ
Old MZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OZ Ring 4
Machining marks . . . . . . . !!
still visible Piston skirt
Wear ridges near bottom . WR
Piston rod
Scuffing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SC
Clover-leaf wear . . . . . . . . CL Cylinder liner
Corrosion . . . . . . . . . . . . . CO
Cylinder liner
Rings sharp-edged Top/Bot T/B

Optimal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ! Ring 1
Too much oil . . . . . . . . . . O
Ring 2
Slightly dry . . . . . . . . . . . . D
Very dry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DO Ring 3
Black oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BO
Ring 4

Piston skirt

Piston rod

Cylinder liner

Little sludge . . . . . . . . . . . LS Scavenge box

Much sludge . . . . . . . . . . . MS
Scav. receiver
Flaps and non-
Movable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M

Running hours since last overhaul

 Inspection through Scavenge Ports, Symbols Plate 70703-40D

Symbo l Condition of inspected part Piston Bowl

! Satisfactory B Burning Carbo n

C Carbon Deposit E
BU Burning C
E
Liquid
Piston
LO Leakage Oil
D
Topland
LW Leakage Water
Piston
! Satisfactory (no deposits) B Ringlands

E
1, 2 and 3
LC Light carbon deposit
EC Excessive carbon deposit
C Piston
Rings
PC Thick carbon deposit worn bright
E
D
by rubbing against cyl. liner Piston
Skirt
! Intact

B
BO Broken, opposite ring gap Piston Rod
BN Broken, near ring gap
E
SP Broken in several pieces
E
E
M Entirely missing

E
COL Collapsed

! Loose C
SL Sluggish in groove
E
ST Sticking
E
E
B Black running surface, overall Cyl. Liner
above Ports
(B) Black running surface, partly
E
! Clean, smooth D
S Vertical scratches
(abrasive (particles) B
mz Micro Seizures in spots (local) E
MZ Micro Seizures, all over
E Area near
MAZ Micro Seizures still active
E Scavenge Air
Ports
OZ Old (nearly recovered) MZ
E Cyl. Liner
WR
CO
Wear ridges near bottom
Corrosion
EE below Ports

CL Clover-leaf wear C
E
Wear
T/B Rings sharp-edged Top/Bot Edge

! E
E
Oil film normal

E
O Too much oil
D Too dry
DD Very dry E
BO Black oil E
E
A dot ( !) always means that the inspected condition is satisfactory, e.g. small deposits, no
leakage, no breakages, no sticking, clean smooth surface, normal oil film, etc. However, this
shall be recorded in order to show that the condition has been noted.
Plate 70704-40 Inspection through Scavenge Ports

Running Surface of Piston Rings

(see also Plate 70705)

NB: In file tests, use a new very finely cut file

"Polished Mirror Surface”

Photo 1 (about X3)
A normal, good running surface is
smooth, clean, and without scratches.
The horizontal line is a scratch mark
resulting from a file test, which indicates
that the surface is not hardened.

“Vertically Scratched”
Photo 2 (about X3)
Here the running surface has been
scratched by sharp, hard abrasive
particles, e.g. grains of sand.
The file test shows that the surface is
not hardened.

“Micro-Seizures”
Photo 3 (about X3)
A micro-seized running surface can
appear as shown here.
The file test gives almost no horizontal
scratch, which indicates that the surface
is covered by a hard glaze, i.e. has been
hardened due to micro-seizure.
 Inspection through Scavenge Ports, Evaluation Plate 70705-40

Surface Condition Profile Running Surface

Normal good
“mirror surface''

“!''
Barrel-shaped Clean, smooth, soft

Scratched by hard
abrasive particles

“S'

Uniform scratches, dull, soft

Sharp burrs

New
Micro seizures
(still active)

“MAZ''
Flat
Irregular ma
rks, hardened
Old
Micro seizures
(restoration has
begun)

“OZ''

Curved edges, im- Smooth and soft Still hard in

plies that restora- along the edges centre area
tion has begun

Lubrication
orifice
Clover-leaf formation:
heavy wear at several areas
around the cylinder liner,
in the case illustrated
concentrated between the
lubrication orifices

“CL''
Horizontal Section of Cyl. Liner
Plate 70706-40 Factors influencing Cylinder Wear

Schematic summary of the most widely

recognized causes of “cylinder wear”

Water droplets *)
Water leakages
“Cold” liner wall
Cleaning agents
Cyl. oil film deficiencies --, 1
r
I
Salt in intake air
Corrosive Sea water in fuel
- wear - HCL 4
Sea water in cyl. oil
Air cooler leakage I
,Cyl. oil film deficiencies
'1
I
1’7
i
Cyl. oil/fuel oil matching
Too low cyl. oil dosage
Distribution
Water in cyl. oil
Water leakage to cylinder

Cyl. oil film deficiencies +.J

Material Liner
Design Ring -,
Machining x Skirt
Mechanical load
Thermal load
Lack of ring tension
Deformation of piston rings
(during fitting)
Misalignment
Too high cyl. oil dosage
Abrasive (deposits)
wear Water droplets *)
-Cleaning agents

Impurities in fuel oil

Impurities in intake air
Wear particles

*) Drain for condensed water in scavenge air receiver blocked or out of function.
See also Chapter 706, ‘Cleaning of Turbochargers and Air Coolers’, IItem 3.
Abrasive Particles Plate 70707-40

Typical observations when particles penetrate from

the combustion chamber into the piston ring zone

Exaggerated illustration of “worn and eroded” piston

rings No. 1 to 4, in “worn” grooves. It is typical for
particle wear that it excessively affects the upper ring
(both the running face and the horizontal surfaces) as
well as the groove. Some degree of micro-seizure
sometimes occurs on the lower rings, decreasing up-
wards. This is contrary to the scratching intensity (or
roughness) which decreases, from ring to ring, down-
wards.
When particle-wear prevails, the cylinder liner wear
rate usually rises to between 0.30 and 0.50 mm/l000
hours.

Running face ring No. 1

The “trumpet-shaped” scratches
indicate that the hard particles
have penetrated from above.

Upper side of the uppermost rings

The horizontal faces, especially the
upper side, often become pock-marked
due to hard grains being crushed when
the rings are pressed upwards by the
gas trapped between the rings.
However, such an appearance can also
be the result of mechanical impact
due to ring collapse.

Upper side of the lower rinos

The part sheltered in the groove
still shows intact machining marks.
The exposed part, protruding from
the groove, becomes sand-blasted
by the hard particles blown down
through the ring gap above.

Designations
“S” - Scratched running face
“PO” - “pock-marked”

“E” - Erosion. Outer edge sand-blasted

“MI” - Machining marks intact.

Numbers 1 to 5 give degree of damage

(5 being most).
Plate 70708-40 Abrasive Particles
Abrasive Particles Plate 70709-40
Plate 70710A-40B Running-in Cylinder Oil Dosage, K/L-MC Engines
Plate 70710B-40E Running-in Cylinder Oil Dosage, S-MC/MC-C Engines
 Cylinder Condition Report Plate 70711-40D

M/: Engine Type: No. of cyl.: Cylinder No.: Checked by:

Yard: Builder: Engine No.:
No.: Built year: Engine hrs.: Date:
Voyage info:
Weeks pr. Port calls: Normal service load in % of MCR: Lubricator type (rpm/mep):
Cyl. oil consump. (l/24 hrs): at load %: Cyl. oil type:
Cylinder liner
Liner hrs.: Insulation pipe (Y/N): Liner material:
Drawing no.: Insulation in cyl. frame (Y/N): Liner cool type:
Producer/Marking:

Measuring point 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Depth (mm)
F-A
Diameter (mm)
E-M
E
E : Exhaust
A : Aft
F A M: Manoeuvre
F : Fore
2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
1 3
M

Cyl. cover tightened (Y/N): Temp. betw. liner and measuring tool (EC): Shims (mm):
Liner
Remarks:

Piston rings Hours since last overhaul: F

Width of ring (mm) Height of ring (mm) E A

A B C D E Nom. A B C D E
height
(mm) D B
Degrees
Ring 1
Ring 2
C
Ring 3
"F" to be measured
Ring 4 before dismantling
Free Lock Broken Pist. Reason for examination (Y)
ring gap type skirt
Piston ring type
"F" (Y/N) Routine overhaul: Broken rings:
(mm) (r/l/cpr) Guide
ring Routine check: Collapsed rings:
Ring 1 (Y/N) Low pcomp: Leaking piston:
Ring 2 Blow-by: Change of piston:
Ring 3 Scavenge fire: Pist. skirt scuffing:
Ring 4 Change of liner: Other:
Ring grooves Piston top
H (mm) 2 mm
Piston no.: E (0)

F E A M Crown (hrs.):
Ring 1 Max. burning 1. (mm):
F A
(270) (90)
Ring 2 H Position 1. (degree):
Ring 3 Max. burning 2. (mm):
M (180)
Ring 4 Position 2. (degree): 45 degrees

Piston
Remarks:

PS. If a liner or piston crown is exchanged, two reports must be filled-in!

Plate 70712A-40D Cylinder Liner Wear Points
Note:
I Before measuring, the measuring point "I"
II should be adjusted to 5 mm below upper
III edge of uppermost ring at TDC.
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
XI
Plate 70712B-40E Cylinder Liner Wear Points, High-Topland Piston
Note:
I Before measuring, the measuring point "I"
II should be adjusted to 5 mm below upper
III edge of uppermost ring at TDC.
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
XI
 Calculation of Condensate Amount Plate 70713-40E
Condensate amount per 24 hours, related to average ambient temperature
and scavenge air pressure
s 2 2 2 s u) 0
l- 0
Condensate amount t124h, 2 0 , 0 0 0 kW
For other MC- engines - nominal rated or derated with nominal mean effective pressure -
the water condensation is approximately proportional to the MCR shaft power.
Plate 70714-40 Running-in Load
b
c
.I
-
c
.-
I
ii?
.I
 Feed Rates at Specified MCR Plate 70715-40E

Actual engine data at specified MCR:

Engine Basic Setting Pe (bhp) at Feed Rate MEP (bar) at

Engine Type * Speed at (g/bhph) at Specified (kg/24h) at Specified
Specified Specified MCR * Specified MCR *
MCR * MCR MCR **

__K/L__MC 1.0

__S__MC/MC-C 1.2

* To be read from the shop test /sea trial reports.

** To be calculated as described in Item 4.4.

Examples of engine data at specified MCR:

Engine Basic Setting Pe (bhp) at Feed Rate MEP (bar) at

Engine Type Speed at (g/bhph) at Specified (kg/24h) at Specified
Specified Specified MCR Specified MCR
MCR MCR MCR

6L60MC 123 1.0 15,600 374.4 17

6S80MC 79 1.2 29,700 855.4 18

6K90MC 94 1.0 35,220 845.3 17

Plate 70716-40D Cylinder Lubricating Oil Pipes

Fig. 1

Deck

Service tank for c ylinder oil

Fill ing pipe

Cylinder
oil tank

AC

25 mm nominal bore

Fig. 2

Cylinder 1

LSA FSA
365 366
AC