EXCRETORY SYSTEM
the digestion of food.)
- Consists of organs which remove
metabolic waste and toxins from the
body.
 In humans, this includes the
removal of urea from the
bloodstream and other wastes
produced by the body. The
removal of urea happens in the
kidneys, while solid wastes are
expelled from the large intestine.
-Consists mainly of Kidneys and Bladder.
-Parts of excretory system are also
influenced by other body systems, such as
the muscular system and skeletal system.
FUNCTIONS OF EXCRETORY SYSTEM
 Balance to the digestive system.(
The large intestine eliminates
solid wastes that remain after
 Ensures that Homeostasis is
maintained.
 Regulates fluid balance in the
body
 Maintaining adequate salt and
water levels.
 Breaks down excess amino acids
and toxins in the blood.
 Exhale water vapor and carbon
dioxide.
EXRETORY SYSTEM ORGANS
KIDNEY – they are made up of large
number of functional subunits called
NEPHRONS
 Nephrons- performs the primary
task of filtering blood and
removing waste product.
- Filter urea and other waste products
form the blood, which are then
added to the urine within the
bladder.
- It is up to the kidney to filter the
blood so that toxic substances do not
accumulate.
URINARY BLADDER- is a sac like structure
with muscular wall that hold the urine
until it is expelled from the body during
micturition.
- The bladder receives urine through
two ureters one from each kidney
that enter.
URETER- Each kidney has a narrow tube
called a ureter, which carries urine from
the kidney to the bladder. Muscles in the
ureter walls tighten and relax forcing
urine down this tube, away from the
kidneys. If urine backs up, or stands still,
a kidney infection can develop. About
every 10 to 15 seconds, urine is emptied
into the bladder from the ureters
TWO SPINCHTER MUCLES-Circular
muscles that help keep urine from
leaking by closing tightly like a rubber
band around the opening of the bladder.
URETHRA- The tube that allows urine to
pass outside the body. The brain signals
the bladder muscles to tighten, which
squeezes urine out of the bladder. At the
same time, the brain signals the
sphincter muscles to relax to let urine
exit the bladder through the urethra.
When all the signals occur in the correct
order, normal urination occurs.
NERVES IN THE BLADDER -alerts a
person to empty the bladder.
OTHER ORGANS
LIVER – Main detoxifying organ of the
body, especially for nitrogenous wastes.
LARGE INTESTINE- Plays a role in
excretion, especially for hydrophobic
particles.
SKIN – secondary excretory organ since
sweat glands in the dermis can remove
salt and some excess water.
LUNGS- major product that must be
excreted from all animals is carbon
dioxide. The waste product is removed
from the cells and transferred to the
bloodstream. When the blood reaches
the lungs it is exchanged for oxygen and
released into the atmosphere.
*Your body takes nutrients from food
and uses them to maintain all bodily
functions including energy and self-
repair. After your body has taken what it
needs from the food, waste products are
left behind in the blood and in the
bowel. The urinary system works with
the lungs, skin, and intestines—all of
which also excrete wastes—to keep the
chemicals and water in your body
balanced. Adults eliminate about a quart
and a half of urine each day. The amount
depends on many factors, especially the
amounts of fluid and food a person
consumes and how much fluid is lost
through sweat and breathing. Certain
types of medications can also affect the
amount of urine eliminated.
The urinary system removes a type of
waste called urea from your blood. Urea
is produced when foods containing
protein, such as meat, poultry, and
certain vegetables, are broken down in
the body. Urea is carried in the
bloodstream to the kidneys.
The kidneys are bean-shaped organs
about the size of your fists. They are
near the middle of the back, just below
the rib cage. The kidneys remove urea
from the blood through tiny filtering
units called nephrons. Each nephron
consists of a ball formed of small blood
capillaries, called a glomerulus, and a
small tube called a renal tubule. Urea,
together with water and other waste
substances, forms the urine as it passes
through the nephrons and down the
renal tubules of the kidney.