CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM

This chapter consist of the Background of the Study, Statement of

the Problem and Hypothesis, Conceptual Framework, Significance of the

Study, Scope and Delimitation and Definition of terms.

Background of the Study

Education is a human right and a powerful driver of development. It

is one of the strongest instruments for reducing poverty and improving

health, gender equality, peace, and stability. Education delivers large and

consistent returns in terms of income and is the most important factor to

ensure equality of opportunities. For individuals, it promotes employment,

earnings, health, and poverty reduction. Globally, there is a 9% increase

in hourly earnings for one extra year of schooling. For societies, it drives

long-term economic growth, spurs innovation, strengthens institutions,

and fosters social cohesion. Therefore, making smart and effective

investments in people is critical for developing the human capital that will

end extreme poverty. (World Bank Group, 2018)

According to teachforthephilippines.org (2019), education plays an

important role in reducing poverty and improving the lives of individuals,

their families, and communities. Motivation, conceptually, is the act or

process of giving someone a reason for doing something. Motivation has a

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direct impact on how an individual learns. The effect of motivation is

normally far reaching because it increases an individual’s energy level,

determines the persistence in reaching a specific goal, affects the types of

learning techniques used and an individual’s thinking processes.

Motivation has a great impact on the learning process. Motivation alone

can determine if the person will pass or fail. While some people learn more

by outside influences, others may achieve more by their personal

aspirations. Whatever the situation, everyone involved in any learning

process should know how motivation affects learning. (Stedul, 2013)

Students, teachers, schools, and professionals; a perfect balance of

tasks. Students do what they need to do in order to learn. Teachers cope

up with the students' ability to absorb knowledge. Schools give quality

facilities, activities and equipment, and professionals provide school’s

administration and management, and high-end technology. Little by little,

the standards of quality education which started with the Americans to

the present have consistently improved – the post-graduate degrees of

education, pool of tracks and courses, dynamic methods of teaching,

education curriculums, and learning methods.

In a study conducted by Guirit (2015), low financial status

negatively affects academic achievement because lesser financial status

prevents access to vital resources and creates additional stress at home.

Hence, the issues revolving education affects individuals’ motivation.

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ACT Teachers Rep. Antonio Tinio (2018) cited the latest Philippine

Statistics Authority survey on poverty indicators and said that 3.8 million

or one in ten children, aged 6 to 24, are not in school. "Most of them, or

almost 3.3 million are aged 16 to 24 years old who are supposed to be in

senior high school or college level already. More than half or about 53% of

them belong to the poorest families."

Legal actions were taken to minimize the gap from the cost of

education, such as the Republic Act No. 6655 known as the Free Public

Secondary Education Act of 1988. This act declares that the State shall

provide free public secondary education to all qualified citizens and

promote quality education at all levels.

Another law passed was the Republic Act No. 10687 signed on

October 15, 2015, also known as the “Unified Student Financial

Assistance System for Tertiary Education Act (UniFAST), which provides a

comprehensive and unified financial assistance system to tertiary

students in the Philippines. It aims to speed up the delivery of government

scholarships and other student financial assistance by targeting qualified

beneficiaries and adopting uniform standards for selection and retention.

The government has given off solutions to the wide spreading problem, but

it has only been to the reach of those who still can afford semi-quality

education. And those that were lacking money to spend on school supplies,

uniform costs, meals and transportation, were forced to drop out. Hence,

they could not enjoy the free education.

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Such factors have affected the Filipino Education system. In

connection, some individuals are not aware that these difficulties start

from home. As observed, the parents' educational attainment, stress,

budgeting practices, financial capability and poverty has been the factors

which greatly affected the flow of education in the country.

Overall, people cannot deny the fact that the number of students all

over the Philippines is declining. Bills are lessened by scholarship grants,

fees are shortened, and laws are passed to aide the situation. That is why

this study wants to determine the degree of financial problems experienced

by the respondents, and the level of motivation among the respondents.

The researchers will conduct a survey to the Handog Kaibigan (HK)

scholars to gather data and analyze information to provide evaluation to

the research problem.

Statement of the Problem

This study aimed to find the impact of financial problems to the

motivation of the Handog Kaibigan (HK) scholars in the PHINMA-

University of Pangasinan. Specifically, the study tends to answer the

following questions:

1. What is the profile of the respondents, in terms of their:

A. Age;

B. Sex;
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C. and Family Income?

2. What is the degree of financial problems experienced by the

respondents?

3. What is the level of motivation among the respondents?

4. Is there a significant impact of financial problems to the motivation of

the respondents?

Hypothesis

In relation to the foregoing significance problems the study will test

the following hypothesis in its null from at the 0.05 level of significance:

H0: There is no significant impact of Financial Problems to the Motivation

of the Handog Kaibigan (HK) scholars at 0.05 level of significance.

Conceptual Framework

The researchers had to come up with the conceptual paradigm

which served as guide in the conduct of analysis.

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Financial

Problems Motivation

Figure 1. The Research Paradigm

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Figure 1 is the research paradigm of the present study showing the

relationship of the variables involved. The independent variable is

Financial Problems which is the causal of the overall outcome. The

dependent variable is the Motivation which is the overall result or outcome

influence by independent variable. It was conceptualized that Financial

Problems have a significant effect on the Motivation of the students.

Significance of the Study

The result of the study is beneficial to the following:

Students. This study shall help students in identifying the financial

problems that they encountered which in return, motivated them to

succeed despite of financial constraints. This shall also inspire other

students to strive harder and to view monetary burden as a challenge, not

a problem. In addition, students shall learn ways to overcome some

situations related to this issue. And lastly, this shall serve as a guide for

those who are currently facing this problem.

Parents. This study shall guide parents on how they will assist and

support their children in a way that they'll get motivated despite of

experiencing financial constraints. This shall also serve as a living

testimonies to all parents that their efforts in earning money for sending

their children is worth doing as the problem became students' key to

appreciate what is lacking and motivates them to fill the gaps. And lastly,
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this shall inspire them to continue reaching their dreams for their children

and maintain a positive outlook towards financial difficulty.

Teacher. This study shall aid teachers in guiding their students with

financial problems through providing proper advice and direction. This

shall also prepare them to be alert on when to extend the support for the

affected students so that motivation shall remain intact and to be

continually interested and committed with their goal, which is to graduate.

Lastly, this could be utilized as a good example to their future students

who may be facing the same situation, for the teachers to know on how to

help and handle the problem of students. This study shall also serve as

guidance for them on how they're going to help their students.

School Administration. This study shall also help the school

administration to understand their students' financial problem. Through

this, they shall have an idea on why their students cannot immediately

pay their tuition and miscellaneous especially during exam week. And

because of that, the school administration can give consideration to those

students who can't pay.

Youth. This shall serve as a framework for them to review and perhaps

follow the solutions if it will also flow as the same direction with our given

scenarios. And, it shall also inspire them to strive hard despite of monetary

hardships in attaining their educational goals.

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Department of Education. It shall give the Department of Education an

idea on why there are some students who can't finish their studies because

of the lack of financial assistance. It shall also give them an idea on how

to create remedies to this problem.

Researchers. To researchers, it shall be an added reference to them

whenever they would like to study the effects of financial difficulties to

students. It shall also provide them an idea of producing another research

perhaps for a comparison study. Lastly, it shall give them support on their

ongoing research studies related to this topic if there is any.

Future Researchers. This study shall serve as basis for their research

about financial problem of students.

Scope and Delimitations of the Study

The main focus of the study is to determine the impact of financial

problems to the Handog Kaibigan (HK) scholars’ motivation. The data

gathered in the research was obtained from the selected Handog Kaibigan

(HK) scholars of PHINMA - University of Pangasinan. This study will be

conducted for the first semester of academic year 2019 - 2020. Random

sampling will be utilized in this study. The technique utilized in selecting

the respondents was quota sampling.

Through the descriptive survey method, the researchers had

collected the necessary information regarding the respondent's profile in

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terms of their age, sex and family income; the degree of financial problems

experienced, and the level of motivation among the respondents. The

problem that aroused during the gathering of informations needed was

finding of respondents inside the campus. The solution to the problem was

leaving the questionnaires to the office where the Handog Kaibigan

Scholars can get SAS (Student’s Activity Sheet) for the class they are going

to facilitate.

Definition of Terms

For better understanding of this study, the following terms are defined:

Benefits. Conceptually, something that produces good or helpful results

or effects or promotes well-being.

Capability. Conceptually, having attributes required for performance or

accomplishment.

Descriptive Survey Method. Operationally, the method or procedure

used in collecting descriptive data.

Financial. Conceptually, the system that includes the circulation of

money, the granting of credit, the obtaining of funds or capital.

Impact. Conceptually, to have a direct effect.

Motivation. Conceptually, the act or process of giving someone a reason

for doing something.

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Paradigm. Conceptually, a philosophical and theoretical framework of a

scientific school or discipline within which theories, laws, and

generalizations and the experiments performed in support of them are

formulated.

Problems. Conceptually, question raised for inquiry, consideration, or

solution.

Reduced. Conceptually, to diminish in size, amount, extent, or number.

Scholars. Conceptually, a holder of a scholarship.

Stability. Conceptually, firmly established. Not changing in position.

Status. Conceptually, state or condition with respect to the

circumstances.