M.

Arch (Landscape Architecture)

Course Structure & Detailed Syllabus

(For A.Y. 2018-19)

As approved by the
Advisory Committee – Architecture
in the First Meeting held on 26.03.2018 at SPAV and
Senate – Architecture
in the Sixth Meeting held on 16.04.2018 at SPAV
(Revised)
 School of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada

First Semester
DISTRIBUTION OF DISTRIBUTION OF
SUBJECT
S. NO. SUBJECT TITLE MARKS PERIODS PER WEEK CREDITS
CODE
IA EE EJ TM L S TP
Plants Systematic, Plant Processes
1 ML 101 50 50 - 100 3 2 5 5
and Field Study
2 ML 102 Geology & Edaphic parameters 50 50 - 100 3 - 3 3
3 ML 103 Hydrology & Geomorphology 50 50 - 100 3 - 3 3
Site Planning and Landscape
4 ML 104 50 50 - 100 2 2 4 4
Engineering - I

5 ML 105 Theory of Landscape Architecture - 50 50 - 100 3 - 3 3

I
6 ML 106 Landscape Architecture Studio - I 250 - 250 500 - 12 12 12
TOTAL 500 250 250 1000 14 16 30 30

IA Internal Assessment L Lecture

EE External Exam S Studio
EJ External Jury / Viva Voce TP Total Periods

Second Semester
DISTRIBUTION OF DISTRIBUTION OF
SUBJECT
S. NO. SUBJECT TITLE MARKS PERIODS PER WEEK CREDITS
CODE
IA EE EJ TM L S TP
1 ML 201 Ecology, Ecosystem Analysis and Field
50 50 - 100 3 - 3 3
Ecology
2 ML 202 Theory of Landscape Architecture- II 50 50 - 100 3 - 3 3
3 ML 203 Plants and Design 50 50 - 100 2 3 5 5
4 ML 204 Site Planning and Landscape
50 50 - 100 2 2 4 4
Engineering - II
5 ML 205 Geoinformatics for Landscape
100 - - 100 - 3 3 3
Architecture
6 ML 206 Landscape Architecture Studio - II 250 - 250 500 - 12 12 12
TOTAL 550 200 250 1000 10 20 30 30

Note: Summer Training for a period of 6 weeks to be evaluated in Third Semester

IA Internal Assessment L Lecture

EE External Exam S Studio
EJ External Jury / Viva Voce TP Total Periods

i| Page M. Arch (Landscape Architecture) – Syllabus

 School of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada

Third Semester
DISTRIBUTION OF DISTRIBUTION OF
SUBJECT
S. NO. SUBJECT TITLE MARKS PERIODS PER WEEK CREDITS
CODE
IA EE EJ TM L S TP
1 ML 301 Landscape Economics, Project
Management, Horticultural Practice 50 50 - 100 3 - 3 3
and Professional Practice
2 ML 302 Energy Efficient Landscape 100 - - 100 2 - 2 2
3 ML 303 Landscape Resources 50 50 - 100 4 - 4 4
4 ML 304 Dissertation 150 - - 150 1 4 5 5
5 ML 305 Summer Training 50 - - 50 - - - 4
6 ML 306 Landscape Architecture Studio-III 250 - 250 500 - 12 12 12
TOTAL 650 100 250 1000 10 16 26 30

Note: Summer Training undertaken for a period of 6 weeks at the end of

Second Semester is evaluated as part of Third Semester

IA Internal Assessment L Lecture

EE External Exam S Studio
EJ External Jury / Viva Voce TP Total Periods

Fourth Semester
SR. SUBJECT SUBJECT TITLE DISTRIBUTION OF DISTRIBUTION OF CREDITS
NO. CODE MARKS PERIODS PER WEEK
IA EE EJ TM L S TP
1 ML 401 Landscape Conservation and Regional
50 50 - 100 3 - 3 3
Landscape Planning
2 ML 402 Elective 100 - - 100 3 - 3 3
3 ML 403 Thesis 400 - 400 800 - 24 24 24
TOTAL
550 50 400 6 24 30 30
1000

IA Internal Assessment L Lecture

EE External Exam S Studio
EJ External Jury / Viva Voce TP Total Periods

ii| Page M. Arch (Landscape Architecture) – Syllabus

 School of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada

Plants Systematic, Plant Processes and Field Study ML101

Number of Credits 5 Subject Category Theory
Lecture Periods per Week 3 Internal Assessment 50
End Examination 50
Studio/Lab/Workshop/Practicals/Week 2 External Jury ---
Total Periods per Week 5 Total Marks 100

Course Objective: To develop an understanding of the plant material in Landscape Design. Examine
the characteristics of Plants with reference to the plant material in design. Field trips with experts are
required to identify the specific characteristics of the plants. Students are required to prepare a
herbarium.

Course Content:

Unit – I
Fundamentals of plants, identification of physiological characteristics, deciduous and evergreen, and
users pattern

Unit – II
General study of plant morphology and anatomy to understand the plant functions.

Unit – III
Plant identification criteria: growth habits, habitat, origin, growth duration, leaf arrangement, leaf
type, main flower colour, flowering period, family, genus

Unit – IV
Classification of Plant Kingdom. Taxonomy. Principles of nomenclature and identification.

Unit – V
Structural characteristics of plants, trees, shrubs and ground covers. Plant formations in Eco zones.
Interdependence of animals and plants.

Field visit(s) required to identify the characteristics of various flora, by visiting a greenhouse /
nursery / seedbed.

Plant & Ecology Laboratory: for studies in ecology, growth characteristics, design applications,
plant material and their groupings, techniques and methods of plant manipulation. This lab shall be
in the form of a greenhouse and a nursery.

Suggested Readings

1. Randhwa,M.S. (1957) Flowering Trees , New Delhi: Indian Council Of Agricultural Research.
2. H, S. (1966) Common Trees –India, The Land And the People , New Delhi: National Book Trust.
3. Bose,T.K., Chowdhury.B.and.Sharma,S.P. (2011) Tropical Garden Plants in Colour, New Delhi:
Horticulture And Allied Publishers.
4. M., L.a.G.H. (1964) Taxonomy of Vascular Plants, New york: Oxford.P, M. (2008) Trees of India
(WWF Natures Guide), London: Oxford; Edition edition.
5. Raunkier.C (1934) The Life forms of Plants and statistical Plant Geography, London: Oxford At The
Clarendon Press.S, R.M. (1971) Flowering trees (India-The land and people), New Delhi: National
Book Trust.
6. S.G, N. (2004) Forest Trees of South India , Bengaluru: Navabharath Press.
7. Sahni, K.C. (1998) The book of Indian Trees, London: Oxford Publication.
8. Venkateswaralu.V.A. (2015) Text book of Botany , kolkata: New Central Book Agency.

1 | Page M. Arch (Landscape Architecture) – Syllabus First Semester

 School of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada

Geology & Edaphic Parameters ML102

Number of Credits 3
Subject Category Theory
Lecture Periods per Week 3
Internal Assessment 50
End Examination 50
Studio/Lab/Workshop/Practicals/Week -- External Jury --
Total Periods per Week 3 Total Marks 100
Course Objective: To develop an understanding of geological pattern of the region and devise an
approach to use the parameters in landscape design.
Course Content:

Unit – I
Earth in space: Origin and interior structure of the earth. Early history of Earth: Origin of life and
meaning of fossils as keys to the past. Life through the geologic ages, Deccan Basalt volcanism, Plate
tectonics, Natural hazards: Causes and effects viz. Volcano, tsunamis Earthquakes:, seismic micro-
zonation, seismic zones of India. Minerals and Metals

Unit – II
Rocks: Igneous, Sedimentary and Metamorphic rocks, Isostasy, plate tectonics, crustal deformation
and mountain building. Structural geology: dip, strike, folds, faults, joints, unconformities.

Unit – III
Stratigraphy: principles, geologic time scale and geology of India. Glaciers of India, geothermal
fields of India. Geologic maps, Application of geological information in the interpretation of
landscapes on maps and in the field.

Unit – IV
Genesis, morphology and classification of soils. Properties of Soils: Physical, Chemical, Biological
and Mineralogical.
Soil use and Management:
(a) Soil evaluation and land use planning.
(b) Soil and water conservation.
(c) Soil fertility and plant nutrition.
(d) Soil degradation control, remedial actions and reclamation techniques.
(e) Managing the difficult soils.

Unit – V
Relationship between geology, soils and vegetation to be explored through practical examples with
the help of field study / field visits. Case studies-Application of geologic principles to environmental
problems e.g.: Stream restoration, hydrogeology, geotourism.

Suggested Readings
1. Allaby, M. (2013) A Dictionary of Geology and Earth Sciences, Oxford Publications.
2. HarrisC.W and Dine,.N.T. (1997) Time Saver Standards for Landscape Architecture, , 2nd edition,
McGraw-Hill Education.
3. Gohau, G. (1990) A History of Geology, revised edition, Rutgers University Press.
4. H.Davis, G. (2013) Structural Geology of Rocks and Region, John Wiley and Sons.
5. ISSS (2015) Soil Science: An Introduction, Indian Society of Soil Science (ISSS).
6. M.A.Glazovskaya (1984) Soils of the World: Soil Families and Soil Types, Amerind Publishing
Co.Pvt.Ltd.
7. Mahapatra, G.B. (2008) Textbook of Physical Geology, CBS.
8. Oldroyd, D. (1996) Thinking about the Earth: A History of Ideas in Geology , First Edition edition
edition, Harvard University Press;.
9. Rathinasamy.A (2014) Fundamentals of Soil Science, Scientific Publisher.
10. Robinson, H. (1969) Morphology and Landscape , 1st edition, University Tutorial Press.

2 | Page M. Arch (Landscape Architecture) – Syllabus First Semester

 School of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada

Hydrology and Geomorphology ML103

Number of Credits 3 Subject Category Theory
Lecture Periods per Week 3 Internal Assessment 50
End Examination 50
Studio/Lab/Workshop/Practicals/Week -- External Jury --
Total Periods per Week 3 Total Marks 100

Course Objective: To develop an understanding of the drainage pattern, watershed and usefulness of
the hydrological principles in evolving a landscape design.

Course Content:
Surface water flow, Runoff: hydrograph, runoff characteristics of streams, field, flow duration curve,
Flew mass curve. Characteristics of Precipitation on India; relationship to vegetation, drainage basins,
natural drainage patterns

Unit – I
Hydrological Cycle; Evaporation, evapo-transpiration; and sources of surface water, forms of
subsurface water, Occurrence and movement of ground water, geologic formations as aquifers,
Infiltration, Soil moisture. Precipitation, weather system’s for precipitation, Rainfall regime with
specific reference to the Indian region. Characteristics and management of drainage basins:
Introduction to watersheds;Types of Flow: Channel and over-land.

Unit – II
Artesian conditions, development of Karst topography; saltwater intrusions. Aquifers recharge area,
infiltration characteristics; Water efficient landscape designs, rainwater harvesting, artificial
recharge, Groundwater management, sources of ground water pollution and its control Flood plains
and lake management; recycling of water, waste water treatment; Irrigation, types of landscape
irrigation systems, terminology of landscape irrigation systems, sprinkler irrigation, sizing irrigation
pipe, matching water flow and pressure with pipe size, calculating working water pressure, selecting
and locating sprinklers, drip irrigation.
.
Unit – III
Scope, concept, methods and approach. Historical geomorphology: Landscape evolution models
Geomorphologic processes: Endogenic, Exogenic, Extra-terrestrial.

Unit – IV
Major processes and associated landforms. Tectonic, Fluvial, Aeolian, Coastal, Karst, Glacial, and
topography caused by ground water, deformations in landforms
Climatic geomorphology and morphogenic regions: Structural geomorphology, landforms developed
on sedimentary sequences, volcanoes and volcanic landforms, pseudo structural landforms. Running
water and underground water: Channel networks and drainage basins, Hill slope geomorphology.

Unit – V
Landforms related to the activities of organisms and man. Application of remote sensing in
geomorphology. Geomorphological features of the Indian subcontinent.

Suggested Readings
1. Akhauri, S. (2015) Fundamentals of Hydrogeology, Zorba Books.
2. Babar, M.D. (2005) Hydro geomorphology: Fundamentals, Applications and Techniques, New India
Publishing Agency.
3. Davie, T. (2017) Fundamentals of Hydrology, T&F/Routledge.
4. Dullo, W.-C. (2018) 'Environmental Geology', International journal of earth science, no. 531.
5. etal., J.A.Z. (2016) Geopedology: An Integration of Geomorphology and Pedology for Soil and
Landscape Studies, Springer.
6. Gohau, G. (1990) A History of Geology, revised edition, Rutgers University Press.

3 | Page M. Arch (Landscape Architecture) – Syllabus First Semester

 School of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada

7. Huggett, R.J. (2016) Fundamentals of Geomorphology, Taylor and Francis.

8. ISSS (2015) Soil Science: An Introduction, Indian Society of Soil Science (ISSS).
9. Robinson, H. (1969) Morphology and Landscape , 1st edition, University Tutorial Press.
10. Tilley, C. (2010) Interpreting Landscapes: Geologies, Topographics, Identities, 1st edition, Routledge.
.

4 | Page M. Arch (Landscape Architecture) – Syllabus First Semester

 School of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada

Site Planning and Landscape Engineering - I ML 104

Number of Credits 4 Subject Category Theory
Lecture Periods per Week 2 Internal Assessment 50
End Examination 50
Studio/Lab/Workshop/Practicals/Week 2 External Jury --
Total Periods per Week 4 Total Marks 100
Course Objective: To develop a complete understanding of a site and the surroundings, with a
whole-to-part approach on a holistic basis. Students must examine the natural, cultural, and social
systems that affect the design decisions, as well as the language and literature of landscape
architecture. Studies to be undertaken on land development planning to appraise students in
environmental, economic, legal, and visual issues associated with land planning process.

Course Content: Site planning process and its significance, Site Survey and Appraisal, Earth form
Grading, Surface Drainage, Landscape working drawings and Landscape simulation and site utilities

Unit – I
Processes and practices of site planning and development, including site inventory, analysis and
assessment of potential building sites. Site planning process and its significance: Establishing
relationship between site characteristics and design requirements. Inventory, documentation and site
planning checklist. Site Survey and Appraisal: topographic surveys and their methodology,
visualising landforms. Understanding contours and their characteristics, graphical representation,
deriving contours by interpolation. Earth form Grading: Symbols and annotations, basic grading
principles, grading terraces, grading of roads across/along contours, Basics of road alignment
(horizontal and vertical)

Unit – II
Surface Drainage: Site planning for efficient drainage; understanding drainage pattern and watershed
area, calculation of surface runoff, determination of catchments area and discharge rate; types of
drainage systems, design of drainage elements: swales and culverts etc. Sub surface drainage
planning. Planning, grading and drainage of sports fields.

Unit – III
Earthwork- cut and fill processes, volume computation.
Landscape Construction: Factors in relation to systems, structures and materials for:
Circulation: Roads and Parking, paths and plazas.
Level Change: Wall, steps and ramps
Planting: Planters, beds, edges and terraces.
Water elements: Pools and water bodies.

Unit – IV
Landscape simulation and site utilities: Basic planning and understanding of principles for external
lighting, types of fixtures and their use in varying situations.
Irrigation: Broad systems and their utility as per plantation typology.
Street furniture / site furnishings.
Overall consideration of external electrical, plumbing co-ordination vis-à-vis routing and interface
with landscape elements.

Unit – V

Landscape working drawings: Format and logical representation of information.

Suggested Readings
1. Dines, C.W.H.N.T. (2001) Time saver Standards for Landscape Architecture, Mc. Graw Hill.
2. Lynch,K and Hack, G (1984) Site Planning , MIT PRESS.

5 | Page M. Arch (Landscape Architecture) – Syllabus First Semester

 School of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada

3. Hopper (n.d) Landscape Architectural Graphic Standards Student Ed., John Wiley and Sons Inc.
4. Ingels, J.E. (1992) Landscaping – Principles & Practices , Pelmer Publishers Inc.
5. Reid, G.W. (1987) Landscape Graphics, Watson , New York: Guptill publication.
6. Russ, T.H. (2002) Site Planning and Design Handbook, Mc Graw-Hill Companies.
7. Sauter, D. (2000) Landscape Construction, Pelmer Thomson Learning.
8. Simonds, J.O. (1990) Landscape architecture- A manual of site planning and design , Willey.
9. Steven, S. (2004) Site engineering for landscape Architects, John wiley and sons Inc.
10. Wood, M.L. (1993) Landscape Detailing Volume I -IV, Architectural Press.

6 | Page M. Arch (Landscape Architecture) – Syllabus First Semester

 School of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada

Theory of Landscape Architecture - I ML105

Number of Credits 3 Subject Category Theory
Lecture Periods per Week 3 Internal Assessment 50
End Examination 50
Studio/Lab/Workshop/Practicals/Week -- External Jury --
Total Periods per Week 3 Total Marks 100

Course Objective: To equip the students with the knowledge base regarding history of landscape
Architecture with the various theories that have guided the landscape design through the ages.

Course Content:

Unit – I
Traces of landscape planning and design from pre-history through Eastern, Egyptian, Roman, Islamic
and Medieval gardens to Renaissance, Italian, French and English landscape approaches, culminating
in the mid-19th century.

Unit – II
Relating landscape design to societal, cultural, technological and belief systems of the period. Study
of works of renowned Landscape Architects and Architects.

Unit – III
Man and nature , Process of transforming landscapes; landscapes of Power, Faith and Place.
Development of landscape design and gardens till the early 19th century.

Unit – IV

Detailed study of selected examples from eastern, central and western traditions;
 Ancient: Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, Rome
 Western: Europe, Italy, France, England
 Middle-east: Persian traditions
 Eastern: China and Japan; ancient and medieval period in India; Mughal and Rajput
landscapes.

Unit – V
Cultural landscapes: identity, collective memory; landscape as text, Landscape as an Art. Theoretical
terrain of landscape architecture: nature of theory in landscape architecture, design process, form,
meaning and experience. Society, language, representation of landscape; ecological design, aesthetics
of sustainability.

Suggested Readings
1. Schaal ,Hans Dieter (1993) , New Landscape Architecture, Ernst and Sohn
2. Dee, C. (2001) Form and Fabric: A Visual Introduction, London: Spon Press- Taylor and Francis
Group.
3. etal., A.a. (n.d) Building and Landscape.?
4. G.B.Tobey (1973) A history of American Landscape architecture, American elsevier Publishing
Co.,NY.
5. Hill, P. (2004) Contemporary history of garden design , Birkhauser publishers.
6. Jellico, G.a.S. (1995) The Landscape of Man, Thames & Hudson Publication.
7. Lehrman, J. (1980) Earthly Paradise- Garden and courtyard in Islam, Thames and Hudson.
8. Maria, C.B.J. (n.d) Mastaedi Arain: Landscape Design Today, Spain .
9. Newton, N.T. (n.d) Design on the Land: The Development of Landscape Architecture .
10. Repishti, P.a.F. (2003) Dictionary of today’s landscape designers, SkiraEditores P.A.

7 | Page M. Arch (Landscape Architecture) – Syllabus First Semester

 School of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada

Landscape Architecture Studio - I ML106

Number of Credits 12 Subject Category Studio
Lecture Periods per Week -- Internal Assessment 250
End Examination --
Studio/Lab/Workshop/Practicals/Week 12 External Jury 250
Total Periods per Week 12 Total Marks 500

Course Objective: To develop an understanding about space design at local level.

Course Content:
Studio project in Landscape Analysis, Landscape Design and Site Planning of small recreational or
civic spaces at community level for medium sized sites of area upto 2 Hectare. Students are expected
to incorporate the learning from other subjects of the present semester to add value to the Studio
outcome. Various materials, which can be used on Site for different components of the built form,
may be explored through Site visits and observatory studies. Design may be a cumulative result of an
informed decisions of varied nature with due care to prevent Soil erosion, promote ground water
recharge processes.

Professional Communication I: Readings in Landscape Architecture. Introductory exercises in Art,

Architecture & Landscape. Urban and Rural Landscape appraisal.

Suggested Readings

1. C, H.T. (n.d) Land Form Designs , P D A Publication.

2. H, P.P. (n.d) Concrete Floors Finishes .
3. Michael, L. (1988) Tree Detailing, London: Butterworth Architecture.
4. Michael, L. (n.d) Landscape Detailing Vol.1 Enclosure.
5. Stevens, D. (n.d) Ultimate Water Garden Book.

8 | Page M. Arch (Landscape Architecture) – Syllabus First Semester

 School of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada

Ecology, Ecosystem Analysis and Field Ecology ML 201

Number of Credits 3 Subject Category Theory
Lecture Periods per Week 3 Internal Assessment 50
End Examination 50
Studio/Lab/Workshop/Practicals/Week -- External Jury --
Total Periods per Week 3 Total Marks 100

Course Objective: To understand the role of plant community in the field and to establish a broad
understanding between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.

Course Content:

Unit – I
Evolution: Earth and Life. Concept of Ecosystem, General Structure and Function:
i) Energy flow, Primary & Secondary Production
ii) Types of Bio-geochemical cycles; Carbon cycle, Global water cycles, nitrogen cycle,
bioaccumulation and bio-magnifications
iii) Analysis and evaluation.

Unit – II
Concept of ecosystem services, Types of Ecosystems, Plant Community in general:
i) Structure
ii) Concept of ecological Succession and Maturity, Types of succession
iii) Analysis
iv) Description and Evaluation
Ecological conditions of India, Eco systems and forest types of India. Phyto geographical regions of
India. ecosystem functioning, analysis and types of habitat and behavior.

Unit – III
Systems Ecology: Introduction to systems approach and mathematical models in ecology; Population
Census techniques

Unit – IV
Selected topics in ecosystem management:
Climate change – causes and consequences, Aquatic ecology – fresh water and marine

Unit – V
Field Ecology: Quadrat, line transect, community analysis, Field work and laboratory analysis of data

Suggested Readings
1. Odum, E.P. (1959) Fundamentals of ecology , 5th edition, America: University of Georgia.
2. Keith, R. (1974) Man, nature and ecology , Aldus book limited.
3. Kluwer academic publishers (2018) Landscape Ecology, 3rd edition, Netherlands: Springer
Netherlands.
4. Ambasht, R.S. and Ambasht, N.K. (2002) Modern Trends in Applied Terrestrial Ecology, Ist edition,
US: Springer US.
5. Jr., G.T.M. (2004) Living in the Environment: Principles, Connections, and Solutions, Brooks / Cole
publishers co.
6. K, R.A. (n.d) Modern Trends in Applied Terrestrial Ecology .
7. Kormondy, E.J. (1969) Concepts of Ecology , 4th edition, Prentice Hall.Landscape Ecology, Kluwer
Academic Publishers.
8. Marsh, W.M. (1997) Landscape planning – Environmental Application, John Wiley and sons Inc.
9. Plant Ecology, Kluwer Academic Publishers.
10. Singh, M.J.a.I. (2017) Landscape Architecture: History, Ecology and Patterns, copal publication.

9 | Page M. Arch (Landscape Architecture) – Syllabus Second Semester

 School of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada

Theory of Landscape Architecture - II ML 202

Number of Credits 3 Subject Category Theory
Lecture Periods per Week 3 Internal Assessment 50
End Examination 50
Studio/Lab/Workshop/Practicals/Week -- External Jury --
Total Periods per Week 3 Total Marks 100

Course Objective: To develop an understanding of contemporary landscapes and as to how

environmental issues and ecological issues have been resolved in them; and understanding regional
scale of landscape architecture and its allied aspects.

Course Content: Garden design, growth and development of landscape , multi functional landscape
and urban landscape

Unit – I
Modern garden design and innovations in landscape architecture; The contemporary history of the
profession with study of theory and works of Andrew Jackson Downing, Frederick Law Olmsted, Ian
McHarg, Thomas Church, Lawrence Halprin, Burle Marx to present day significant designers.

Unit – II
Growth and development of Landscape as a profession: Professional education, the environmental
movement, large scale regional planning, significant landscape architectural projects of the past
century.

Unit – III
Landscape and cities: rural settlements and civic transformations; landscape fragmentation, sensitivity
and change.

Unit IV
Multifunctional landscape, Continuous Productive Urban Landscape - urban agriculture for
sustainable cities

Unit –V
Market gardens; Landscape as a historic preservation resource; Green pilgrimage network, Sacred
landscape and Historic Urban Landscape.

Suggested Readings

1. Andre Viljone, K.B.J.H. (2005) Continuous Productive Urban Landscapes: Designing Urban
Agriculture for Sustainability, Elsevier- Architectural Press.
2. Du, G.W.a.B.S. (2016) Mohammad Shaheer NOTES : A selection of Articles published in LA, Journal
of Landscape Architecture, A special edition.
3. McHarg, I.L. (1995) Design with Nature , Wiley.
4. National ParkService Conference. (1999) Preserving Modern Landscape Architecture, Spacemaker
press
5. Newton, N.T. (n.d) Design on the Land: The Development of Landscape Architecture .
6. Spens,M(1996)Landscape Transformed, Academy Edition.
7. Modern Landscape Architecture: a CriticalReview , MIT press.
8. Moore, C. (n.d) Poetics of Garden .
9. Shaheer, M. (2013) Landscape Architecture in India : A Reader, LA Journal of Landscape
Architecture.
10. Singh, M.J.a.I. (2017) Landscape Architecture: History, Ecology and Patterns, copal publication.

10 | Page M. Arch (Landscape Architecture) – Syllabus Second Semester

 School of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada

Plants and Design ML 203

Number of Credits 5 Subject Category Theory & Studio
Lecture Periods per Week 2 Internal Assessment 50
End Examination – 50
Studio/Lab/Workshop/Practicals/Week 3 External Jury ---
Total Periods per Week 5 Total Marks 100

Course Objective: To develop an enhanced understanding of the plant material in Landscape Design
and to examine the characteristics of Plants with reference to the plant material in design.

Course Content: Planting design, Visual, aesthetic and functional considerations, Planting in various
environments and Plants and sustainability
Unit – I
Planting design through the ages - a historic perspective, Planting as a design element for structuring
the landscape, Differentiation between trees, shrubs, ground cover and creepers. Planting for
appearance of form, leaf color and texture, branching habit and trunk form and their texture, color of
flowers and fruits. Spring, winter summer and autumn variation in appearance.

Unit – II
Visual, aesthetic and functional considerations in planting design. Planting for visual effect and
accent. The role of plant material in environmental improvement, (e.g. soil conservation, modification
of microclimate). Planting for shelter, windbreaks and shelter belts.

Unit – III
Planting in various environments such as woodlands, forests, rural areas, urban areas, roadside
planting in urban and rural areas, industrial sites etc. Planting design for habitat such as grasslands,
woodlands, sloping areas, marshes, bogs, wetlands, waterside and aquatic planting etc. Planting
design and ecological considerations, stratification of plant material in nature, herbal plants and their
uses.

Unit – IV
Plants and sustainability, Growth rate of plants as a criterion for plant choice for particular situations.
Comparison of advantages and disadvantages of fast, medium and slow growing trees. The concept of
nurse planting. Creating conditions for plant establishment, planting and transplanting trees and
shrubs.

Unit – V
Maintenance of plant material; The preparation of planting concepts, planting plans and plant
schedules for various scales of project. Estimation of costs and Bill of quantities.

Suggested Readings
1. Bose,T.K., Chowdhury.B.and.Sharma,S.P. (2011) Tropical Garden Plants in Colour, New Delhi:
Horticulture And Allied Publishers.
2. C, R.S. and KK, R.K.A.R. (n.d) Estimating and Costing.
3. Elements of Planting Design, Richard Austin, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 2002
4. Hackett, B. (1979) Planting Design, McGraw Hill.
5. H, S. (1966) Common Trees –India, The Land And the People , New Delhi: National Book Trust.
6. Jagdish, S.G.a.S. (Delhi) Estimating Costing And Valuation, Standard Pub. Dis.
7. Longman, P.B.S.a.O. (Calcutta) Civil Engineering,Contracts And Estimates.
8. N, D.B. (n.d) Estimating and Costing In Civil Engineering, Theory And Practice.
9. N.H, N.R. (2004) The Planting Design Handbook, England: Ashgate Publishing Limited.
10. Walker, T.D. (1991) Planting Design, John Wiley and Sons

11 | Page M. Arch (Landscape Architecture) – Syllabus Second Semester

 School of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada

Site Planning and Landscape Engineering - II ML 204

Number of Credits 2 Subject Category Theory
Lecture Periods per Week 2 Internal Assessment 50
End Examination – 50
Studio/Lab/Workshop/Practicals/Week 2 External Jury ---
Total Periods per Week 4 Total Marks 100

Course Objective: To develop an advanced understanding of a site and the surroundings, with a
whole-to-part approach on a holistic basis. Students must examine the natural, cultural, and social
systems that affect design decisions, as well as the language and literature of landscape architecture.
Studies to be undertaken on land development planning to appraise students in environmental,
economic, legal, and visual issues associated with land planning process.

Course Content: Components of Landscape Engineering, Site mobilisation, Soil conservation and
erosion control measures and Estimation of costs for civil works and plantation works

Unit – I
Components of Landscape Engineering and their consideration in Site Planning and Landscape
design. Appraisal of site factors in large scale developments with above correlation. Use of relevant
software and advanced mapping technology for analysis.

Unit – II
Site mobilisation; Sequence of site activity, site protection measures, site implementation checklist.
Landscape Engineering and water conservation; Watersheds and their characteristics, protection of
natural water bodies: water retention structures, water harvesting techniques and devices.

Unit – III
Understanding Land/environmental modifications and engineering intervention in :
Soil conservation and erosion control measures; Land reclamation and rehabilitation process;
Disposal of sludge, fly-ash, solid and liquid waste; Strip-mines and quarries; Transportation corridors.
Horticulture and Forestry techniques.

Unit – IV
Environment-friendly material specifications and methodologies in landscape, to reduce carbon
Footprint. Energy saving techniques in landscape engineering for planning of services and utilities.
Design parameters and certification criteria for green buildings. Evaluating energy efficient site
planning and landscape development. Design of sustainable landscape features such as bioswales, bio
retention ponds etc.

Unit – V
Estimation of costs for civil works and plantation works. Preparation of bill of quantities,
specifications and Tender documents

Suggested Readings
1. ines, C.W.H.N.T. (2001) Time saver Standards for Landscape Architecture, Mc. Graw Hill.
2. Hack, K.L.a.G. (1984) Site Planning , MIT PRESS.
3. Hamid, S. (1985) Urban Design Process , Van Nostrand Reinhold.
4. Hopper (n.d) Landscape Architectural Graphic Standards Student Ed., John Wiley and Sons Inc.
5. Ingels, J.E. (1992) Landscaping – Principles & Practices , Pelmer Publishers Inc.
6. Lovejoy, D. ( 1973) Land use and Landscape Planning, Barnes & Noble.
7. Lynch, K. (1994) A Good City Form , MIT PRESS.
8. Mukoda, N. (1990) Street furniture, Bijutsushuppan – sha Ltd.
9. Niall, K.a. (n.d) The Art of Landscape Detail: Fundamentals, Practices and Case Studies.
10. Reid, G.W. (1987) Landscape Graphics, Watson , New York: Guptill publication.

12 | Page M. Arch (Landscape Architecture) – Syllabus Second Semester

 School of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada

Geoinformatics for Landscape Architecture ML 205

Number of Credits 3 Subject Category Theory
Lecture Periods per Week 3 Internal Assessment 100
End Examination –
Studio/Lab/Workshop/Practicals/Week -- External Jury
Total Periods per Week 3 Total Marks 100

Course Objective: To develop an understanding of the land and its designed modifications, with an
integration of Earth sciences
To develop understanding and capacity building to use information science in landscape architecture
to address various problems of geography, cartography, geosciences and related branches of science
and engineering in landscape design and planning .

Course Content: Concept ,Foundation and application of Remote Sensing and GIS

Unit – I
Concept and Foundation of Remote Sensing, Elements of Photographic System
Types of Aerial Photographs:Vertical Photographs, Oblique Photographs, Satellite Imagery

Unit – II
Introduction to Air Photo Interpretation, Photogrammetry for Map Making :Introduction /Definition,
Geometric Elements of a Vertical Photograph, Relief Displacement, Ground Control for Aerial
Photography

Unit – III
Digital Image Processing, Applications : Geologic & Soil mapping, Land-use / land cover Mapping a)
Land use Classification, Agriculture Applications, Forestry Applications, Water resource
Applications: Water Pollution Detection, Flood Damage Estimation, Urban & Regional Planning
Applications, Wetland mapping

Unit – IV
Geographical Information Systems :Definition, Composition of Geographical Information System,
Computer Hardware Module, GIS Software Module, Data Input, Data Storage, Data Output, Database
Structures

Unit – V
Presentations / Workshop
Application of GIS & Remote Sensing, Automated Mapping / Facility Management. (AM/FM), 3-D
GIS Digital Elevation Model & Digital Terrain Model, Digital Image Processing and Editing; Error
Detection and Correction, Geo Spatial Analysis : Turning Data into Meaningful information.
Comparison of Vector & Raster Methods, Internal G.I.S., Network Analysis, Open GIS

Suggested Readings
1. Batty, D.M.a.M. (ed.) (2005) GIS, Spatial Analysis and Modeling, ESRI Press.
2. Brewer, C.A. (n.d) Designing Better Maps: A Guide for GIS Users, ESRI Press.
3. C, H.T. (n.d) Land Form Designs, P D A Publication.
4. C.Hanna, K. (1999) GIS for Landscape Architects, ESRI press.
5. G.S.Srivastava (2014) An Introduction to Geoinformatics, McGraw Hill Education.
6. Garcia, J. (2017) Introduction to Geographic Information System, Larsen and Keller Education.
7. H, P.P. (1995) Concrete Floors Finishes , Butterworth-Heinemann.
8. K.R, B. (1990) Integrating GIS into Urban Regional Planning, Alternative approaches for developing
countries regional development Dialogue , Japan: UNCRD.
9. Michael, L. (1988) Tree Detailing , London: Butterworth Architecture.
10. Michael, L. (1993) Landscape Detailing Vol.1 Enclosure , 3rd edition, Architectural Press.

13 | Page M. Arch (Landscape Architecture) – Syllabus Second Semester

 School of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada

Landscape Architecture Studio - II ML 206

Number of Credits 12 Subject Category Studio
Lecture Periods per Week -- Internal Assessment 250
End Examination –
Studio/Lab/Workshop/Practicals/Week 12 External Jury 250
Total Periods per Week 12 Total Marks 500

Course Objective: To develop the skill to integrate various knowledge systems to arrive at a design
proposal of an urban scale, the process used for the same.

Course Content: Exercise related to the application of ecological principles in a range of situations
directed towards understanding and proposing design possibilities in:
 Urban Open Space systems
 Rural Landscape
 Heritage and Cultural Landscape

Professional Communication II: Advanced language skills in relation to technical writing and
professional communication with agencies associated with planning and design VIZ., Planning
authorities, Statutory bodies, Clients, Contractors and other professionals.

Suggested Readings

1. C, H.T. (n.d) Land Form Designs , P D A Publication.

2. H, P.P. (n.d) Concrete Floors Finishes .
3. Michael, L. (1988) Tree Detailing, London: Butterworth Architecture.
4. Michael, L. (n.d) Landscape Detailing Vol.1 Enclosure.
5. Stevens, D. (n.d) Ultimate Water Garden Book.

14 | Page M. Arch (Landscape Architecture) – Syllabus Second Semester

 School of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada

Landscape Economics, Project Management, Horticultural Practice and

Professional Practice ML 301
Number of Credits 3 Subject Category Theory
Lecture Periods per Week 3 Internal Assessment 50
End Examination – 50
Studio/Lab/Workshop/Practicals/Week -- External Jury ---
Total Periods per Week 3 Total Marks 100
Course Objective: To develop an integrated understanding on economics, horticultural practice and
Professional practice which is a pre-requisite for landscape design and planning.

Course Content:
Unit – I
Economics: Cost and benefits related to open space development; Tangible costs of development;
capital and maintenance costs: intangible costs, depletion of natural resources, modification of
ecological systems rehabilitation cost, social and cultural changes. Unit cost of development of open
space. Assembling the land for urban development; legal issues; social and cultural issues; economic
incentives

Unit – II
Landscape management at the regional scale in relation to soil conservation, water management,
grassland management, forestry and agriculture. Management practices related to urban ecology and
urban habitats, such as urban forests, river banks, regional parks and green belts: ecological, economic
and administrative issues. Management models.

Unit – III
Project Management: Types of projects, Various stages of the project, Project management process,
Time and Cost management, Project life cycle .

Unit – IV
Horticulture Practice: Nursery establishment and Plant propagation. Establishment and maintenance
of grass, shrubs and trees with respect to: ground preparation, planting and transplanting, pruning.
Common plant pests, diseases and their control; manures and insecticides and their application.
Protection of plant material. Water Budgeting. Equipment for
landscape maintenance.

Unit V
Professional Practice : Regulations and legal aspects ,Sequence of activities from inception to
completion, . Construction documents, Contract procedure, Contract Documentation, Types of clients,
forms of agreement; conditions of engagement; scope of work and services to be provided, Scale of
professional fees; Professional code of conduct

Suggested Readings
1. Chandha K.L,(2003) Handbook of Horticulture, Indian Council of Agricultural Research,.
2. Conrad, J. M. (1999). Resource Economics. Cambridge University Press.
3. Daly, H. E. and Farley, J.(2004) Ecological Economics: Principles and Applications. Washington,
D.C.: Island Press
4. Field, B. C. and Field, M. K. (2006). Environmental economics. McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
5. Hanley, N., Shogren, J. F., and White, B. (1997). Environmental economics in theory and practice.
Oxford university press, New York.
6. John Parker(1989), Landscape Management and Maintenance: A Guide to its costing and organization,
Routledge
7. Kumaresan.V,(2015) Fundamentals of Horticulture and Plant Breeding, Saras Publication.
8. Kolstad, C. D. (2003). Environmental economics. Oxford university press.
9. Solow, R. M. (1993). An almost practical step toward sustainability. Resources policy, 19(3):162–172.
10. Littlewood Michael(1998) Tree Detailing. London. Butterworth Architecture.

15 | Page M. Arch (Landscape Architecture) – Syllabus Second Semester

 School of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada

Landscape Economics, Project Management, Horticultural Practice and

Professional Practice ML 301
Number of Credits 3 Subject Category Theory
Lecture Periods per Week 3 Internal Assessment 50
End Examination – 50
Studio/Lab/Workshop/Practicals/Week -- External Jury ---
Total Periods per Week 3 Total Marks 100
Course Objective: To develop an integrated understanding on economics, horticultural practice and
Professional practice which is a pre-requisite for landscape design and planning.

Course Content:
Unit – I
Economics: Cost and benefits related to open space development; Tangible costs of development;
capital and maintenance costs: intangible costs, depletion of natural resources, modification of
ecological systems rehabilitation cost, social and cultural changes. Unit cost of development of open
space. Assembling the land for urban development; legal issues; social and cultural issues; economic
incentives

Unit – II
Landscape management at the regional scale in relation to soil conservation, water management,
grassland management, forestry and agriculture. Management practices related to urban ecology and
urban habitats, such as urban forests, river banks, regional parks and green belts: ecological, economic
and administrative issues. Management models.

Unit – III
Project Management: Types of projects, Various stages of the project, Project management process,
Time and Cost management, Project life cycle .

Unit – IV
Horticulture Practice: Nursery establishment and Plant propagation. Establishment and maintenance
of grass, shrubs and trees with respect to: ground preparation, planting and transplanting, pruning.
Common plant pests, diseases and their control; manures and insecticides and their application.
Protection of plant material. Water Budgeting. Equipment for
landscape maintenance.

Unit V
Professional Practice : Regulations and legal aspects ,Sequence of activities from inception to
completion, . Construction documents, Contract procedure, Contract Documentation, Types of clients,
forms of agreement; conditions of engagement; scope of work and services to be provided, Scale of
professional fees; Professional code of conduct

Suggested Readings
1. Chandha K.L,(2003) Handbook of Horticulture, Indian Council of Agricultural Research,.
2. Conrad, J. M. (1999). Resource Economics. Cambridge University Press.
3. Daly, H. E. and Farley, J.(2004) Ecological Economics: Principles and Applications. Washington,
D.C.: Island Press
4. Field, B. C. and Field, M. K. (2006). Environmental economics. McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
5. Hanley, N., Shogren, J. F., and White, B. (1997). Environmental economics in theory and practice.
Oxford university press, New York.
6. John Parker(1989), Landscape Management and Maintenance: A Guide to its costing and organization,
Routledge
7. Kumaresan.V,(2015) Fundamentals of Horticulture and Plant Breeding, Saras Publication.
8. Kolstad, C. D. (2003). Environmental economics. Oxford university press.
9. Solow, R. M. (1993). An almost practical step toward sustainability. Resources policy, 19(3):162–172.
10. Littlewood Michael(1998) Tree Detailing. London. Butterworth Architecture.

15 | Page M. Arch (Landscape Architecture) – Syllabus Third Semester

 School of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada

Energy Efficient Landscape ML 302

Number of Credits 2 Subject Category Theory
Lecture Periods per Week 2 Internal Assessment 100
End Examination –
Studio/Lab/Workshop/Practicals/Week -- External Jury
Total Periods per Week 2 Total Marks 100

Course Objective: To give an opportunity to students to study energy efficient landscapes in detail to
enhance its application in landscape planning or landscape design process.

Course Content: Earth’s Climatic zones, Indian seasonal classification, Passive design strategies,
Energy efficiency landscapes

Unit – I
Earth’s Climatic zones; effect of topography on local climates; distribution of heat and precipitation,
prevailing winds, Solar radiation, Solar charts, transfer of energy in the atmosphere, greenhouse
gases.

Unit – II
Indian seasonal classification, Seasons and their interpretation, the growing season and conditions for
plant growth

Unit – III
Passive design strategies, Vegetation and Microclimate: Plants and their impact on microclimate

Unit – IV
Energy efficiency: Meaning and definitions. Need for adopting Energy efficient landscape design
techniques, Rating systems, Application at various scales.

Unit – V
Case studies and examples of Energy efficient landscapes practices globally and locally.

Suggested Readings

1. Vale,B and Vale.R. (1991) Green Architecture , Thames And Hudson.

2. Michael, C. (2012) Green Architecture , Washington: American Institute of Architecture Press.
3. Thomas, W.L..et.al(1956) Man’s Role in changing the Face of Earth, 1st edition, Chicago: University
Of Chicago Press.
4. Victor, P. (1995) Green Imperative Ecology & Ethics In Design, Thames & Hudson.
5. . Krishan,A et.al(2001), Climate Responsive Architecture: A Design Handbook For Energy Efficient
Buildings,McGraw Hill
6. Dennis Landsberg& Ronald Stewart, “Improving Energy Efficiency in Buildings: A
management guide”, State University of New York Press, Albany, 1980.
7. Santamouris, “Energy Performance of Residential Buildings”, James & James, London 2005.
8. MoncefKrarti, “Energy Audit of Building Systems: an Engineering approach” CRC Press, LLC,
Florida 2000.
9. The Environment (protection) Act 1986

10. Selman,Paul(2012) Sustainable Landscape Planning:The Reconnection Agenda,Routledge

16 | Page M. Arch (Landscape Architecture) – Syllabus Third Semester

 School of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada

Landscape Resources ML 303

Number of Credits 4 Subject Category Theory
Lecture Periods per Week 4 Internal Assessment 50
End Examination –
Studio/Lab/Workshop/Practicals/Week -- External Jury 50
Total Periods per Week 4 Total Marks 100

Course Objective:To develop an understanding on landscape resources and its importance to

conserve, protect and maintain for environmental benefits and well-being.

Course Content: Settlements and Landscape, Air pollution and Bio-meteorology, Landscape heritage

Unit – I
Settlements and Landscape: Siting and evolution of cities in relation to regional landscape resources;
Role of landform, water systems, climate and vegetation. Water management in ancient / historic
cities- Greek, Roman, Indian, etc.Traditional Knowledge systems. Illustrative studies of cities in
India and elsewhere. Definition and characteristics of micro climate. Role of landscape components in
Modifying microclimate with respect to temperature, humidity, precipitation, air corridors, heat
islands, wind speed etc., in cities; Evaluation of microclimate data.

Unit – II
Air pollution and Bio-meteorology: climatic comfort indices; heat transfer; meteorological
instrumentation and plant injury; Types of air pollutants, sources and consequences. Air pollution and
plants, Air pollution monitoring and quality criteria. Urban environmental issues such as solid waste
management, air quality, conservation of water resources and vegetation cover; The urban forest: Its
ecological, social and environmental dimensions. Ways of studying urban vegetation and its role in
the urban landscape.

Unit – III
Landscape heritage: Open space systems, cultural and sacred landscapes, their typology and role in
the development of cities. Landscape resources specific to distinctive city types viz., religious centres,
historic cities, coastal or port cities, hill station etc. City development Plans, Zonal Plans and structure
plan. Development controls and their role in the conservation and creation of urban landscape.

Overview of landscape resources at the national level: National Environment Policy; Developmental
and Environmental issues associated with particular landscape regions, mountain and hill areas;
deserts and wastelands; river and aquatic systems, coastal and estuarine regions, etc.

Unit – IV
The rural landscape: Agriculture and forestry as competing uses, the impact of industry and power
generation; Forest types of India; introduction to Forest Policy and management of forest resources.
Conservation Forestry, Agro-Forestry and Social Forestry; Significance of biodiversity, urban
biodiversity, wildlife conservation; Agricultural practices and the formation of traditional rural
landscape. Illustrative examples from different climatic and geographic regions; Factors associated
with the location and functioning of extractive and manufacturing industry in the rural landscape.

Unit – V
Wetlands: definition, wetland values and conservations. Wastelands management. Land reclamation
and rehabilitation.Watersheds and the importance of watershed management. Resource conservation,
land capability classification; mechanical, vegetative and agronomic measures in soil and water
conservation; Techniques and criteria for evaluation of regional landscape resources.

17 | Page M. Arch (Landscape Architecture) – Syllabus Third Semester

 School of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada

Suggested Readings

1. Betsy Otto, K.M.C.a.M.L. (2004) Ecological Riverfront Design: Restoring Rivers, Connecting
Communities, 1st edition, APA Planning Advisory Service.
2. Walesh,..S. G(1989) Urban surface water management by, New York: John Wiley.
3. Givoni, B. (1994) Passive and low energy cooling of Building, , New york: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
4. Marsh, G.P. (2015) Man and Nature, Andesite Press.
5. Minke.G, B.N.K.a. (1988) Climatic zones and rural housing in India, Jülich : Zentralbibliothek d.
Kernforschungsanlage.
6. P.C, B. (2004) Water Management in India , Concept Publishing Company.
7. Robert Brown and Jenny J Gillespie (1995) Micro climatic landscape design – creating thermal
comfort and energy efficiency, New York: John Willey publication.
8. Row, V.W.a.H.&. (1985 ) Water Management-Technology and Institutions.
9. Schiller, A.S.M.&.M. (n.d) Landscape design that saves energy, , Newyork: William Marison & Co.
10. Vaidhyanathan (2004) Managing Water Scarcity, Lordson Publisher Pvt Ltd.

18 | Page M. Arch (Landscape Architecture) – Syllabus Third Semester

 School of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada

Dissertation ML 304
Number of Credits 5 Subject Category Studio
Lecture Periods per Week 1 Internal Assessment 150
End Examination --
Studio/Lab/Workshop/Practicals/Week 4 External Jury --
Total Periods per Week 5 Total Marks 150

Course Objective: To make the students understand the process of carrying out research and to
effectively programme the Thesis for the fourth semester.

Course Content:

Topics related to various aspects of Landscape Architecture would be chosen in consultation with
faculty members.
1. Introduction, definition, objectives of research, types of research,
2. Research process, research design, types of research designs,
3. Collection of primary data, data tabulation, and analysis, to draw inferences.
4. Application of above in the dissertation topic chosen.
5. Writing and communication skills for written and oral presentations; professional communications.
Comprehensive study and research on chosen topic, presentation of findings in a series of seminars by
individual students.
Documentation and formal presentation as a Dissertation at the end of the semester. The Dissertation
outcome paper would be of 3000 to4000 words with illustrations, references, foot notes and
annotations.

Suggested Readings

1. Azlan, N.I. (n.d) Research Methodology in Landscape Architecture.

2. Flick, U. (n.d) Introducing research methodology- a beginner’s guide to doing a research project, Sage
South Asia edition.
3. Raiyani, J.R. (n.d) Research methodology-Theory and techniques, New century publications.
4. Swaffield, S.D.E.M. (n.d) Landscape Architectural Research: Inquiry, Strategy, Design.
5. Thomas, W.L..et.al(1956) Man’s Role in changing the Face of Earth, 1st edition, Chicago: University
Of Chicago Press.

19 | Page M. Arch (Landscape Architecture) – Syllabus Third Semester

 School of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada

Summer Training ML 305

Number of Credits 4 Subject Category Training
Lecture Periods per Week -- Internal Assessment 50
End Examination --
Studio/Lab/Workshop/Practicals/Week -- External Jury --
Total Periods per Week -- Total Marks 50

Course Objective: To facilitate exposure for students to practical facets of Landscape Architecture
and thus add value to the teaching learning process.

Course Content: Students are required to undertake Training in suitable firms which are relevant to
the body of knowledge, for a period of Six weeks at the end of Second Semester. This will be
evaluated as part of the Course Structure of Third Semester.

20 | Page M. Arch (Landscape Architecture) – Syllabus Third Semester

 School of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada

Landscape Architecture Studio - III ML 306

Number of Credits 12 Subject Category Studio
Lecture Periods per Week -- Internal Assessment 250
End Examination –
Studio/Lab/Workshop/Practicals/Week 12 External Jury 250
Total Periods per Week 12 Total Marks 500

Course Objective: To make the students understand the workings of a large site/ area of regional
scale, design and implementation factors with the involvement of the stakeholders.

Course Content:

Relatively large scale exercise of analysis and proposals related to Landscape of:
 Institutional Campuses
 Urban civic spaces at urban design scale, and
 Transportation and interchange systems and complexes
 Eco-Tourism projects.
Professional Communication III: Professional techniques in digital media.

Suggested Readings

1. Andre Viljone, K.B.a.J.H. (2005) Continuous Productive Urban Landscapes: Designing Urban
Agriculture for Sustainability, Elsevier- Architectural Press.
2. Hack, K.L.a.G. (n.d) Site Planning , willey publication.
3. Hamid, S. (n.d) Urban Design Process .
4. Harg, I.M. (1995) Design with Nature,(Wiley Series in Sustainable Design), John Wiley and Sons.
5. Simonds, J.O. (n.d) Landscape architecture- A manual of site planning and design .

21 | Page M. Arch (Landscape Architecture) – Syllabus Third Semester

 School of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada

Landscape Conservation and Regional Landscape Planning ML 401

Number of Credits 3 Subject Category Theory
Lecture Periods per Week 2 Internal Assessment 50
End Examination – 50
Studio/Lab/Workshop/Practicals/Week 1 External Jury --
Total Periods per Week 3 Total Marks 100

Course Objective: To expose students to application of landscape planning techniques to large scale
developments such as infrastructure and power projects, extractive and manufacturing industry, new
towns and urban extensions, and developments for tourism and eco-tourism. The course is also aimed
at improving Landscape perception, visual assessment and the aesthetic dimension of Landscape
planning. comprehensively make the students understand the impacts of proposed development
projects, enabling them to work out alternatives, so that wherever possible significant negative
impacts may be avoided, minimized, or mitigated.

Course Content:

Unit – I
The concept of Landscape Planning and Landscape Conservation: definitions and scope. Landscape
Assessment techniques;

Unit – II
Application of G.I.S. and Remote Sensing in Regional Landscape Planning. Basic quantitative
methods of collecting, analyzing, projecting and presenting data for Landscape Planning. (requires
utilisation of GIS Lab)

Unit – III
Landscape Conservation: Priorities, Policies and Programmes; study of various charters related with
landscape conservation; Landscape Conservation in Indian Context, Environmental conservation,
National parks and other protective designations. Biodiversity and Biosphere reserves. Endangered
landscapes. Landscape conservation and its significance (natural resources such as soil, water,
vegetation etc) Aspects of watershed management;Conservation of historic landscapes, HULs,
UNESCO’s recommendations for the Historic Urban Landscapes, safeguarding methods.

Unit – IV
Environmental Impact Assessment and the Environmental Impact Statement: Theory and Practice.
definitions, methodologies, techniques Illustrative examples from India and elsewhere(EIA in
developed and developing countries) to demonstrate the degree of effectiveness. Role of
Environmental Legislation and the Ministry of Environment and Forests.Environmental criteria for
location of human settlements or any major land based activity viz industries/ dam sites ; applicability
of EIA to various development programs; integration of EIA methodology to landscape design;
environmental planning and management strategies and approaches relevant to urban and regional
planning.

Unit – V
Landscape conservation and its significance (natural resources such as soil, water, vegetation etc)
Aspects of watershed management;Conservation of historic landscapes, HULs, UNESCO’s
recommendations for the Historic Urban Landscapes, safeguarding methods.
Note: A combined studio with the master of Environmental planning can be organized.

Suggested Readings

1. Allaby, M. (2000) Basics of Environmental Science, Routledge.

2. H.N.Tiwari (1997) Environmental Law, Allahad Law Agency.

22 | Page M. Arch (Landscape Architecture) – Syllabus Fourth Semester

 School of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada

3. Mukul.G.Asher, A.a. (2000) Environment and the developing world, John wiley and sons, Inc.
4. Rosencranz, Diwan ,S .and.Noble,.M.L (1991) Environmental law and policy in India (Cases,
Materials, and status), Tripathi Bombay.
5. Canter, L. W(1996) Environmental Impact Assessment, McGraw – Hill.
6. Ndubisi, F.(2002) Ecological Planning: A Historical and Comparative Synthesis, JHU Press
7. Hamid, S. (n.d) Urban Design Process .
8. Harg, I.M. (1995) Design with Nature,(Wiley Series in Sustainable Design), John Wiley and Sons.
9. Selman,Paul(2012) Sustainable Landscape Planning:The Reconnection Agenda,Routledge
10. Selman Paul(2006) Planning at the landscape scale,Routledge

23 | Page M. Arch (Landscape Architecture) – Syllabus Fourth Semester

 School of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada

Elective (Theory) ML 402

Number of Credits 3 Subject Category Theory
Lecture Periods per Week 3 Internal Assessment 100
End Examination –
Studio/Lab/Workshop/Practicals/Week -- External Jury ---
Total Periods per Week 3 Total Marks 100

Course Objective: To enable students’ exposure to a contemporary study area of their choice, over
and above the remaining structured subjects of the programme of study.

Elective 1: Landscape and City design

The course explores the city designs dictated by the landscape elements, their origin, the present
situation and the projections into the future. Meaning, management and manipulation of place.
(following the philosophy of Ian Mc Harg)

Elective 2: The future cities

The course explores the narratives in city landscapes, the cultural identity carrying capacity to the city
of the future.

Elective 3 :Movement corridors

The course explores the various vehicular movement corridors, the highways, the forest roads; impact
of the resulting fragmentation of forests, landscapes; minimizing the impacts of movement corridors
on nature. Greenways.

Students can choose any one of the Electives offered by the department of Studies from time to time.

Suggested Readings

1. Viljoen, A (2005) Continuous Productive Urban Landscapes: Designing Urban Agriculture for
Sustainability, Elsevier- Architectural Press.
2. Arnold, H.F. (1992) Trees in Urban Design, 2nd edition, Wiley.
3. Cullen, G. ( London) The concise Townscape, Architectural press.
4. Graphic (2001) Elements and total concept of urban landscape design, Sha Publishing Co.
5. Harg, I.M. ( 1995) Design with Nature,(Wiley Series in Sustainable Design), John Wiley and Sons.
6. Heath, M.C.a.T. (2003) Public places – Urban spaces, Architectural press.
7. Hough, M. (1995) Cities and natural process, Routledge.
8. Lynch, K. (1961) Image of City, Cambridge, MA.
9. Tandy, C. (1970) Handbook of urban Landscape, Architectural Press.
10. Turner, T. (1996) City as landscape, E & FN Spon.

24 | Page M. Arch (Landscape Architecture) – Syllabus Fourth Semester

 School of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada

Thesis ML 403
Number of Credits 24 Subject Category Studio
Lecture Periods per Week -- Internal Assessment 400
End Examination –
Studio/Lab/Workshop/Practicals/Week 16 External Jury 400
Total Periods per Week 16 Total Marks 800

Course Objective: To provide the students opportunity towards application of the knowledge gained
in an independent Thesis, with a design or a research focus, to arrive at a creative/ thoughtful design
or findings, enriching the landscape architecture database.

Course Content: Independent research and presentation of findings under the direction of a
supervising committee. The findings of the thesis should extend the boundaries of the professional
discipline by either presenting new and unique ideas or information, or by interpreting existing
knowledge from a different perspective. In case of a research thesis, the study should necessarily
culminate into a methodology / policies/ guidelines.

Landscape Architecture thesis will consist of two parts:

(a) Research oriented towards establishing a strong theoretical background for the chosen subject.
(b) Application to a Landscape Planning or Landscape Design proposal with appropriate details.

25 | Page M. Arch (Landscape Architecture) – Syllabus Fourth Semester