Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4 Ho : M=12

11.55 11.62 11.91 12.02 Ha : M<>12

11.62 11.69 11.36 12.02
11.52 11.59 11.75 12.05
11.75 11.82 11.95 12.18 Sample 1
11.9 11.97 12.14 12.11 Mean
11.64 11.71 11.72 12.07 Z=
11.8 11.87 11.61 12.05 p=
12.03 12.1 11.85 11.64
11.94 12.01 12.16 12.39 Here p(.2846) > alpha(.01) we d
11.92 11.99 11.91 11.65
12.13 12.2 12.12 12.11
12.09 12.16 11.61 11.9 Sample 2
11.93 12 12.21 12.22 Mean
12.21 12.28 11.56 11.88 z=
12.32 12.39 11.95 12.03 p=
11.93 12 12.01 12.35
11.85 11.92 12.06 12.09 Here p(.4592) > alpha(.01) we d
11.76 11.83 11.76 11.77
12.16 12.23 11.82 12.2
11.77 11.84 12.12 11.79 Sample 3
12 12.07 11.6 12.3 Mean
12.04 12.11 11.95 12.27 z=
11.98 12.05 11.96 12.29 p=
12.3 12.37 12.22 12.47
12.18 12.25 11.75 12.03 Here p(.0038) < alpha(.01) we r
11.97 12.04 11.96 12.17
12.17 12.24 11.95 11.94
11.85 11.92 11.89 11.97 Sample 4
12.3 12.37 11.88 12.23 Mean
12.15 12.22 11.93 12.25 z=
p=

Here p(.034) > alpha(.01) we d

Ho : M=12 Significance level 0.01 n= 30 sigma 0.21
Ha : M<>12
Standard error 0.038341

11.95867
-1.07806
0.1423 0.2846 Since it's two tailed test

Here p(.2846) > alpha(.01) we do not reject null hypothesis

12.02867
0.747685
0.2296 0.4592 Since it's two tailed test

Here p(.4592) > alpha(.01) we do not reject null hypothesis

11.889
-2.8951
0.0019 0.0038 Since it's two tailed test

Here p(.0038) < alpha(.01) we reject null hypothesis

12.08133
2.121338
0.017 0.034 Since it's two tailed test

Here p(.034) > alpha(.01) we do not reject null hypothesis

Below are the standard deviation for samples.
The assumption of .21 for the population standard deviation appear reasonable since the sample standard deviations are clo

Mean= 11.95867 SD= 0.220356 Mean= 12.02867

Sample 1 Sample 1 - Mean Sample 1 - Mean*2 Sample 2 Sample 2 - Mean

11.55 -0.40867 0.167008 11.62 -0.40867
11.62 -0.33867 0.114695 11.69 -0.33867
11.52 -0.43867 0.192428 11.59 -0.43867
11.75 -0.20867 0.043542 11.82 -0.20867
11.9 -0.05867 0.003442 11.97 -0.05867
11.64 -0.31867 0.101548 11.71 -0.31867
11.8 -0.15867 0.025175 11.87 -0.15867
12.03 0.07133 0.005088 12.1 0.07133
11.94 -0.01867 0.000348 12.01 -0.01867
11.92 -0.03867 0.001495 11.99 -0.03867
12.13 0.17133 0.029355 12.2 0.17133
12.09 0.13133 0.017248 12.16 0.13133
11.93 -0.02867 0.000822 12 -0.02867
12.21 0.25133 0.063168 12.28 0.25133
12.32 0.36133 0.130562 12.39 0.36133
11.93 -0.02867 0.000822 12 -0.02867
11.85 -0.10867 0.011808 11.92 -0.10867
11.76 -0.19867 0.039468 11.83 -0.19867
12.16 0.20133 0.040535 12.23 0.20133
11.77 -0.18867 0.035595 11.84 -0.18867
12 0.04133 0.001708 12.07 0.04133
12.04 0.08133 0.006615 12.11 0.08133
11.98 0.02133 0.000455 12.05 0.02133
12.3 0.34133 0.116508 12.37 0.34133
12.18 0.22133 0.048988 12.25 0.22133
11.97 0.01133 0.000128 12.04 0.01133
12.17 0.21133 0.044662 12.24 0.21133
11.85 -0.10867 0.011808 11.92 -0.10867
12.3 0.34133 0.116508 12.37 0.34133
12.15 0.19133 0.036608 12.22 0.19133

1.408147
andard deviations are closer to .21

SD= 0.220356 Mean 11.889 SD= 0.207171 Mean

Sample 2 - Mean*2 Sample 3 Sample 3 - Mean Sample 3 - Mean*2

0.167008 11.91 0.021 0.000441
0.114695 11.36 -0.529 0.279841
0.192428 11.75 -0.139 0.019321
0.043542 11.95 0.061 0.003721
0.003442 12.14 0.251 0.063001
0.101548 11.72 -0.169 0.028561
0.025175 11.61 -0.279 0.077841
0.005088 11.85 -0.039 0.001521
0.000348 12.16 0.271 0.073441
0.001495 11.91 0.021 0.000441
0.029355 12.12 0.231 0.053361
0.017248 11.61 -0.279 0.077841
0.000822 12.21 0.321 0.103041
0.063168 11.56 -0.329 0.108241
0.130562 11.95 0.061 0.003721
0.000822 12.01 0.121 0.014641
0.011808 12.06 0.171 0.029241
0.039468 11.76 -0.129 0.016641
0.040535 11.82 -0.069 0.004761
0.035595 12.12 0.231 0.053361
0.001708 11.6 -0.289 0.083521
0.006615 11.95 0.061 0.003721
0.000455 11.96 0.071 0.005041
0.116508 12.22 0.331 0.109561
0.048988 11.75 -0.139 0.019321
0.000128 11.96 0.071 0.005041
0.044662 11.95 0.061 0.003721
0.011808 11.89 0.001 0.000001
0.116508 11.88 -0.009 0.000081
0.036608 11.93 0.041 0.001681

1.408147 1.24467
12.08133 SD= 0.206109

Sample 4 Sample 3 - Mean Sample 3 - Mean*2

12.02 -0.061333 0.003762
12.02 -0.061333 0.003762
12.05 -0.031333 0.000982
12.18 0.098667 0.009735
12.11 0.028667 0.000822
12.07 -0.011333 0.000128
12.05 -0.031333 0.000982
11.64 -0.441333 0.194775
12.39 0.308667 0.095275
11.65 -0.431333 0.186048
12.11 0.028667 0.000822
11.9 -0.181333 0.032882
12.22 0.138667 0.019228
11.88 -0.201333 0.040535
12.03 -0.051333 0.002635
12.35 0.268667 0.072182
12.09 0.008667 0.000075
11.77 -0.311333 0.096928
12.2 0.118667 0.014082
11.79 -0.291333 0.084875
12.3 0.218667 0.047815
12.27 0.188667 0.035595
12.29 0.208667 0.043542
12.47 0.388667 0.151062
12.03 -0.051333 0.002635
12.17 0.088667 0.007862
11.94 -0.141333 0.019975
11.97 -0.111333 0.012395
12.23 0.148667 0.022102
12.25 0.168667 0.028448

1.231947
Population mean = 12
n= 30
Standard deviation 0.21

standard error= 0.038341

Sig level (alpha)= 0.01

alpha/2= 0.005

Z crit = +- 2.57

Limits for sample mean Z crit * standard error

0.098535
12 +- .0985

Lower limit 11.9015

Upper limit 12.0985
As of now significance level (alpha) considered is .01

If we change level of significance to larger value say .05 or .1

P value < alpha null hypothesis is rejected. Null hypothesis(process is operating
satisfactorily) is rejected.

If the cost of making this error Type I error is high and still if we consider
larger level of significance, then we need to pay high price for wrongly
rejecting null hypothesis.
The process which is operating satisfactorily is unnecessarily changed & the
cost of making this change is high without any improved operating process