SINHGAD TECHNICAL EDUCATION SOCIETY’S

NBN SINHGAD TECHNICAL INSTITUTES CAMPUS

Sr. No.: 10/1, Ambegaon (Bk), Pune – 411 041
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

SYNOPSIS OF PROJECT WORK

(B. E. Electrical Engineering 2017-18)
Name of Students 1) Apurva Vilas Khachane
2) Archana Mansing Bhosale
3) Uma NarhariBhimnath

Title of the Project Feeder Protection From Over Load And Earth Fault Relay.
Work

Abstract A bus bar in electrical power distribution refers to thick strips of copper or
aluminum that conduct electricity with in a switchboard, distribution board,
substation or other electrical apparatus. In this project bus bar can be
protected from the over current condition. Industrial instruments failures
have many causes and one of the main causes is over load. The primary of
the distribution transformer or any other transformer is designed to operate at
certain specific current if that current flowing through that instrument is
more than the rated current, then immediately the system may burn because
of over load, through this project we are going to protect the bus bar from
over load condition .In this project work for generating high current more
loads are applied to the circuit will be tripped. To trip the circuit we are using
one relay which will control through our comparator. When over load is
occurred relay will trip the total circuit and buzzer will on to indicate over
load.

For protection of bus bar from over current condition first we have to
measure the total load current which is flowing through the bus bar. Here we
are using CT for measuring the load current and the output of CT is given to
comparator for converting analog output of CT into digital data. When
current increases certain limit then we are going to trip the load by using
relay. In this project we are using 230v bulbs as a load. We are going to
increase the load by increasing the number of bulbs ON. When we ON more
bulbs it causes over load condition and comparator will detect that and it will
 trip the total load by using relay. In this project we are using 230v, 7amp
relay for tripping purpose. Here we are using LCD for displaying the total
load current which is flowing in the circuit.

The earth fault can also be measured by connecting a current

transformer in the wire connecting the neutral of the star point to the ground
.If there is and earth fault then the current in this circuit will be increased.
The output signal from the current transformer is given to the comparator.

Work done earlier 1. A feeder pillar is essential in a power system distribution network to
(Literature distribute electric power (three-phase, 415V ac) from a step-down
survey) transformer to the low-tension (LT) lines for the consumers. A
default feeder pillar consists of a panel which embodies all other sub-
units of the feeder pillar, bus-bars in which are connected the
incoming and outgoing lines, an ammeter which records the voltage
across the bus-bars, the fuse holders holds the fuses, high-rupturing-
capacity fuses for making contact and for protection purposes [1,2].
This project consists of all mentioned above but with a digitalized
voltmeter and a phase sequence relay, earth-leakage circuit breaker,
three phase overload relay and a contactor used for over-current,
overload and earth-fault protection.
2. With the increasing loads, voltages and short-circuit duty of
distribution substation feeders, distribution over current protection
has become more important today than it was even 10 years ago. The
ability of the protective equipment to minimize damage when
failures do occur and also to minimize service interruption time is
demanded not only for economic reasons but also because the
general public just expects “reliable” service. This publication will
attempt to review some of the present distribution practices,
particularly with regard to relaying, in view of some of these new
developments. It is not the purpose of this publication to settle the
controversy surrounding some of the problems dealt with, but rather
to give the reader a better understanding of distribution over current
 protection problems and some of the methods being used to solve
them.
3. Protection of three phase induction motor has been done using
themicrocontroller, current transformer and step down transformer.
This protection schemeprotects the three phase induction motor from
single phasing, under voltage, over voltageand over current. The
overall process is monitored by ATmega32
microcontroller.Microcontroller sends signal through MOSFET to
relay for operation. Thismicrocontroller can sense 8 analog inputs up
to 5V. Six analog inputs of microcontrollerhave been used for three
phase voltages and currents individually for conversion to
digitalsignal. The remaining inputs can be used for receiving the
information from motor suchas temperature, speed etc. The current
transformer is an i-v converter (20A/20V), whichgives output in
terms of voltage and can be fed to the microcontroller directly. Step
downtransformer is (220V/6V). The output of these transformers will
vary proportionately withrespect to its input. The microcontroller
senses the voltage, compares with the reference value and sends
control signals to the respective protective relays.

Source of project  In this project work for generating high current more loads are
(Problem applied to the circuit will be tripped
Definition)
 The earth fault can also be measured by connecting a current
transformer in the wire connecting the neutral of the star point to the
ground .If there is and earth fault then the current in this circuit will
be increased.

 The output signal from the current transformer is given to the ADC.
From the ADC the digital output is given to the microcontroller .The
controller will operate the relay then based upon the data given by the
ADC.
Objectives of the  Give protection to the feeder using microcontroller. Feeder is the line
Project that transfers the power from source end to the distribution end.
 To have an uninterrupted power supply for consumers, feeders need
to be protected from various faults using different schemes.

Work to be  For protection of bus bar from over current condition first we have to
carried out measure the total load current which is flowing through the bus bar.
(Proposed work)  When current are increases certain limit then we are going to trip the
load by using relay.
 All this comparison is being done using LM324
 In this project we are using 230v bulbs as a load. We are going to
increase the load by increasing the number of bulbs ON.
 When we ON more bulbs it causes over load condition and
microcontroller will detect that and it will trip the total load by using
relay.
 In this project we are using 230v, 7amp relay for tripping purpose.
 When the relay trips the load the buzzer will be activated for audio
purpose.

Future scope  Industrial power monitoring.

 Home applications.
 This project is used for protecting Bus bars in sub stations, generating
stations etc.
 Used for Industrial appliances protection

Duration of the June Finalization of Project Guide

Project July Finalization of Project Tittle, Market Survey
Aug. Data collection
Sept. Study of components and cost estimation
Oct. Purchasing of components
Nov. PPT presentation &phase-1 report ENDSEM
Dec. Project Phase-1
 Jan. Assembling & Testing
Feb. Preparation for project competition
Individual Role of 1)ApurvaV. Khachane - Material selection and Assembling
the Student 2)Archana M. Bhosale - Documentation, Simulation and Assembling.
3)Uma N. Bhimnath - Assembling and Testing

References  Azuatalam D.T., Diala U.H., Iwuchukwu U.C “ Design, Construction

and Simulation of a Circuit-Breaker Based Feeder Pillar with over
current And Earth-Fault Protection Cum Digitalized Voltmeter”.
 BITS edu campus, Vadodara “Distribution System Feeder
Overcurrent Protection”
 Master Unit Substations and Their Relay and Control Arrangements,
GE Publication QET-2528, by J. H. Easley and W. W. Walkley,
Dec. 1955.

Project Guide Project I/C HOD (Elect. Engg.)