Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Chapter I
THE PROBLEM
Introduction
Millennials are taking over the world. With the older generations
retiring as each year passes, more and more millennials are taking their
place in the work force. This has been one of the reasons that have
Time.com Website, 2013). But the possible effects of the millennials on the
work place are not the only issue that has been raised by researchers. In
Center, it was found that in the United States the level of religiosity of
Website, 2015). Still focusing in the United States, it was revealed that
millennials are less likely to report that they pray daily or to describe their
millennials, only 40 percent states that religions are very important to them
and only 27 percent believes that the bible is the literal word of a god, both
published by the National Geographic, it was stated that not only is the
but it is also the second largest religious group, if it can be called that, in
North America and most of Europe (Bullard, 2016). In fact, in 2013 it was
Christianity and Islam, it was revealed that religion is losing its influence on
the Asian Millennials (Han and Nasir, 2016). In China, one of Asia’s most
government. The same is true for North Korea. In Japan, however, where
atheists, the advent of the modern age was found to be the culprit in the
percent said that they had no religious affiliation, more than the 17 percent
recorded in the 2010 survey (Zaccheus et al., 2016). In South Korea, North
Korea poll on the same year, results showed that only 36 percent of South
In the Philippine context, the only Catholic country in all of Asia, this
Filipino Catholic Youth Study 2014 that 9 out of 10 respondents, four fifths
4
of whom were aged 13-22 and can thus be classified as millennials, stated
that they put great importance on religion. However, there may be bias in
the study’s result as the majority of the respondents have Catholic parents
The present study has yielded four constructs which would be used
in analyzing the data found in the study. The first construct, millennials,
cultural framework of existence. The fourth and final construct gave a clear
researches.
5
The present study uses as its legal foundation the Frank R. Wolf
beliefs as well as the right to not profess any religion. Signed into law by
Frank R. Wolf Act is seen by atheists, agnostics, and other secular groups
religious freedom for both theistic and atheistic communities, but also to
Concerning local legal basis, however, the present study uses Article
thereof. The said law also guarantees the free exercise and enjoyment of
The present study utilizes the theories of William Strauss and Neil
Howe and of Karl Mannheim which state that the previous generations and
cycle of generations.
and give a clearer and more definitive explanation regarding the apparent
Having stated these, the present study aims to analyze the religious
the following:
religion?
3. In what ways can the results of the study be used as a framework for
multidisciplinary research.
The College of Arts and Sciences. This study may help in the
transformation.
This study will help the faculty members of College of Arts and Sciences
millennials. The results of the present study may also be used as input to
may give the students a clear perception about nature and characteristics
will understand how to identify and describe the attitudes and beliefs held
The Millennials. The results of this study may help individuals who
various factors influence and shape their religious beliefs and give them a
The Researchers. The results of the present study may help the
broader understanding of their own beliefs as they, too, are part of the
millennial generation.
concerning their religious beliefs; and in what ways the results of this study
development of millennials.
10
research design and use purposive sampling as the sampling method. The
incarcerated; and/or openly atheistic, and is born between the years 1993-
2000 or aged between 18-25 years old and is currently residing within
Nasugbu, Batangas. The study would use only interview schedules and
Cristo, or Born Again Christian sects will not have any bearing on the study
Chapter II
literatures with the end view of identifying the constructs of the study.
Conceptual Literature
which are used in the analysis of the data in the study. These constructs
definition varying in their included years. Lewine (2016) states that those
born between the years 1980 and the late 1990s are considered as
timeline for the millennial generation; they suggest that individuals born
between 1979 and 1994 are those who can be considered as millennials.
garnered with less than desirable results. There have been a number of
They also have been represented as lacking in loyalty and work ethic
(Marston, 2009). Being the new lifeblood of the workforce, there are some
Jacobson, 2007; Hill, 2008). To deal with this, some organizations believe
that they may need to adjust their rules and policies in order to let
millennials bloom and fully utilize their unique abilities (Gursoy et al.,
13
they are more accepting of diversity than were past generations, have
have the ability to see problems and opportunities from fresh perspectives,
and are more comfortable working in teams than were past generations
(Howe and Strauss 2000; Gorman et al., 2004; Tapscott 1998; Zemke et
them, the first significant difficulty they encounter is their socialization into
the organization (Chao et al., 1994; Van Maanen and Schein, 1979).
roles.
Millennials are the people born between 1977 and 1997, will account
for nearly half the employees in the world. In some companies, they
of feedback and were in a hurry for success, but their expectations were
wondering just who will mentor this rising generation. Millennials view work
as a key part of life, not a separate activity that needs to be balanced by it.
For that reason, they place a strong attention on finding work that is
personally fulfilling. They want work to afford them the opportunity to make
new friends, learn new skills, and connect to a larger purpose. That sense
of purpose is a key factor in their job satisfaction. They are the most
expectations of their employers, but they also set high standards for
committed. However, they want a road map to success, and they expect
As a group, they are unlike any other youth generation in living memory.
They are more numerous, more affluent, better educated, and more
and good conduct. Over the next decade, the millennial generation will
15
entirely recast the image of youth from downbeat and disaffected to upbeat
are the dramatic changes now unfolding in the attitudes and behaviors of
today’s youth, the 18 and under of the year 2000. There’s a revolution
under way among today’s kids, a good news revolution. This generation is
going to rebel by behaving not worse, but better. Their life mission will not
be to tear down old institutions that do not work, but to build up new ones
that do. They are optimists, and they are more upbeat about the world in
which they are growing up. Nine in ten describe themselves as happy,
classroom and through online applications are one of the best ways to
skills (Hershatter and Epstein, 2010; Jackson and Chapman, 2012; Meyers
between 1980 and 1992, but other studies use ranges anywhere from the
mid-1970s through the early 2000s. They are also known as Generation Y,
workforce will look like in order to tap its potential. The characteristics of
with friends via social networks. According to the Pew survey, about
are tending to prefer less formal meetings and more open, flexible work
mobile and portable technologies and they are expected to demand that an
cannot include the concept of god or gods at all since some religious
18
atheistic. The notion that religious beliefs are exclusively only beliefs that
same holds true for a number of ancient Greeks such as Aristotle and the
Epicureans who reasoned that since the gods neither knew nor cared
about humans, to worship them is folly and thus did not do so (Carter,
2014). Zulueta (2010), however, states that religious beliefs assert the
Catholicism and Islam, coexist. Each of the different faiths has their own
forms: The Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit, usually referred to as the
Holy Trinity. Catholics also believe that their god, as the Father, incarnated
19
itself as Jesus of Nazareth, the Son, and died to save humanity from its
sins.
group in the country, believe in only one god, Allah, whom they believe to
the paradigms of theism and atheism can be found. Theism supports the
thesis that there exists a supreme being or a god that is credited as having
necessary being. In this sense, all three major world religions, Christianity,
personal, omnipotent, omniscient, perfectly good being and one that does
not. The former group or those that believe in a personal god are further
first is the process theist who believes in a god that has all possible powers
but does not believe that it has the capacity to bring about any state of
determinists do not oppose the view that a god created the world, this
choice, and that these choices are the immediate cause for much that
occurs in the world. Lastly are the freewill theists who disagree with both
Lundberg (2017) laments that its counterpart, the lack of religion and
polytheistic society, a person who does not believe in enough gods may
something, that god or gods exist, he argues that atheism is not the
absence of this psychological state. Rather, Draper states that the “a“ in
atheism as the absence of belief in the existence of god or gods but also
admits the large and varied number of definitions of atheism that makes
22
subdivisions.
implicit atheism are confused with agnosticism or the proposition that belief
in a god or gods is neither true nor false as the existence of such can
nor atheistic, but rather it is just the psychological state of being agnostic
(Draper, 2017). In contrast, both strong and explicit atheists hold a wholly
beliefs and believe that there is no god or gods. However, there have been
makes a knowledge claim or claim to know with certainty the god or gods
does not and cannot exist and knowledge claims comes with the burden of
how people make sense of their various everyday experiences and the
lives. McCrory further explains that not only does the study of individuals’
certain subjects.
lives and ultimately affect their performance, both as individuals and within
groups in the workplace. Qualitative method offers the best possibility for
understanding how individuals both make sense of and present their social
foremost about action in the world, and not about conceptual pictures of
were to direct higher education towards the needs of working life and to
university and working life (Tynja¨la¨ et al., 2003). Mamchur and Myrick
education.
25
activity that “touches the spirit of another” (Carson, 1989). Spiritual distress
disrupts core principles, such as meaning and purpose in life, faith or trust
level with their patients in the experience of giving spiritual care (Bailey,
Moran, and Graham, 2009; Van Dover and Bacon, 2001). They
(Kociszewski, 2003) and for their patients (Van Dover and Bacon, 2001).
The experience of giving spiritual care was powerful, full of meaning, highly
individual for both the nurse and the patient, and had positive benefits,
such as creating healing and meaning (Kociszewski, 2003; Van Dover and
Bacon, 2001).
26
not too or not at all important in their lives. The groups most likely to say
Mormons and Muslims. Slightly more than half of Catholics and members
By contrast, only about a third of Jews and Buddhists say religion is very
dismissed in studying religion for the very fact that it is “mundane”; this
the workings of religions. Also, Alcoff (2000) points out that lived
always exists in the world rather than separate from the world, “lived
Millennial generation refers to those who were born in 1980 to 1995, which
values and worldviews including reactions to work and careers (Ng, Lyons
progress up the career ladder, either within their own company or with an
shed new light on this process, with dramatic biologic changes in the brain
29
this time. Continued work in this area likely will yield greater understanding
independent self, the capacity to form close peer and group relationships,
may not be as rapid in adult life, but young adulthood presents a new set
relationships and the search for a fulfilling career. In the healthy individual,
adolescent development sets the stage for the additional growth that lies
ahead.
(Halpern, 2000; Williams and McClure, 2010), thus making exploring new,
wherein the Seven Levels Model could also be used as a framework for
These are the stages of development where they learn to satisfy their
the stages where individuals experience the full emergence of their “soul”.
The first of these stages is the integrating stage; the second is the serving
than you could on your own and how to lead a life of self-less service using
Research Literature
relational strategies for local church leaders. The study, which lasted three
States. Results of the study showed three personality traits that predict the
probe.
with a focus on millennial college students. The initial sample size was
perceptions and behavior from the Millennial Generation born between the
years 1982 and 2012, 37 students older than 27 were dropped from the
study variables netted a final sample size of 256. Thus the target
population was college students between the ages of 18 and 27. The
results of this study indicate that religiosity but not spirituality is a predictor
exclusion from the Church, Millennials attitudes towards the Church, and
the critique that the Church lacks authenticity. The study used qualitative
data that was collected across multiple focus groups ranging from 4-10
was analyzed and coded and used to provide a clearer perspective on the
views Millennials hold towards these issues. The study concluded that
because they view the institution of the Church as being inauthentic, too
34
political, too powerful, hypocritical, too judgmental, and too exclusive and
that millennials are leaving the Church are following into the “Rejectionists”
(2014) which sought to assess the impact of age and strength of religious
General Social Survey: 2012 and used bivariate correlations to compare all
On the issue of abortion, however, both young and old Americans hold
similar views. The study further reveals that a growing number of young
particular faith. It is also shown in the study that younger Americans and
35
those with weaker religious affiliations have more liberal views regarding
environmental issues.
ideology. This study used quantitative research and use statistics as the
between the ages of 18 and 30 because this age group has been identified
as the Millennial generation. The total sample size for the analysis was
affect their political ideology regardless of the political ideology they may
identify with. This research shows that religious Millennials are more
using four birth cohorts in the analysis: (1) the Millennials, (2) Generation
X, (3) the Baby Boomers, and (4) the Silent Generation. Second, they
cross sectional design and the results of this analysis indicate Generation
X is the most likely cohort to be spiritual but not religious (SBNR). Maybe
Chase’ study (2013) used cross-sectional survey data from the 2012
God, and belief in life after death for all three generations. Baby Boomers
and Millennial women attend religious services more than men, but there is
generations pray more than men. For belief in the Bible as the word of
God, only Baby Boomer women believe more than men. Finally, millennial
women and Generation X women believe in life after death more than
Synthesis
The review of related literature has provided the present study with
study. These constructs were drawn from the theories, concepts, and
Lewine and Smola and Sutton provided the present study with a working
38
are and who they are not. The works of the aforementioned authors also
various cultures. These studies have given the present study significant
insights on the intricate nature of religious beliefs and the various sub-
further explains that the study of individuals’ lived experiences holds not
addition, Landscape Survey stated that they confirm that religion is still
the Seven Levels Model could also be used as a framework for mapping
The study by Puffer (2017) bears semblance with the present study
in its focus on Millennials. However, they differ because the previous study
should deal with such while the present study underscores millennials’
The report pf Nelson et al. (2016) bears similarities with the present
study in the sense that both dealt with religiosity and members of the
millennial generation. However, they differ because the previous study did
not focus solely on religiosity and millennials, but also included the
40
parallels the present study not only because of the focus on millennials but
also due to the fact that both studies highlight the attitude of millennials
differs from the present study as his has a prerequisite of church exclusion
and critiques the Church’s lack of authenticity. The present study, on the
other hand, centers on millennials and their religious beliefs without any
pre-required factors.
respondents and their opinions on social issues while the present study
millennials while the present study puts emphasis on the religious belief of
However, it diverges from the present study as the present study seeks
only to analyze the religious belief of one birth cohort, the millennials.
The work of Chase (2013) mirrors the present study on its aim of
Generation X, and Baby Boomers, the present study aims to analyze the
The researches reviewed tend to point out that that all of them are
related in as many ways with the present study and outlook. In the light of
safely that this study does not on any way duplicate earlier researches.
Theoretical Framework
2069 (Censamm.org Website, N.D.) William Strauss and his colleague, the
2018)
generations have been named: the heroes, artists, prophets, and nomads;
43
such as the World Wars and 9/11, changes and molds society in a quicker,
more direct, and linear way. Mannheim’s theory, like the Strauss-Howe
preceding generations and they in turn influence the succeeding ones, but
millennial generation. The Strauss-Howe theory supports the idea that the
theory upholds the belief that major historical events such as the 9/11 and
44
the advent of the Internet and the digital age have also had a great impact
Conceptual Framework
The conceptual paradigm of the study illustrates the input, the thru-
put or the processes involved in the gathering and assessment of the data
gathered in the study, and the expected output or result of the study.
The first frame shows the input of the study. The input includes the
beliefs and the themes from the lived experiences of the millennials.
includes gathering data through the use of interviews. Also included in the
The third and last frame presents the expected output of the study: a
millennials.
Definition of Terms
gods.
a person who does not believe in God (Gresksa, 2015). The word atheist
practitioner or not.
term Baby Boomers is any individual belonging to the group of people born
this study is the generation that succeeded the Baby Boomer generation.
here is the average interval of parents and the birth of their offspring. Its
47
God or Gods. The term god or gods has been defined operationally
group of individuals.
born between 1982 and 2004. The operational definition given to the term
millennials in the present study is any individual born between the years
1994 and 2000, and would thus be between the ages of 18 to 25.
individual’s cognitive, affective, and social aspect which starts from infancy
study is the belief in the presence of a heavenly request, and that people
play a part in the order of things (Zulueta, 2015). In this study, religious
belief is used to imply not just the belief in the actuality of supernatural
metaphysical entities but also any and all belief that follows a set doctrine.
Theist. The term theist has been conceptually defined here as those
Chapter III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design
goal of which is to know the underlying principles and the nature of the
through the eyes and perspective of those who have lived through that
Nasugbu, Batangas which were drawn from the millennial population of the
said municipality. The participants were one out of school youth; one
sect; and one openly atheistic Filipino millennial. Purposive sampling was
and presented these to three experts in the fields related to the present
and gave comments and suggestions to improve the questions, which the
expert validators.
information that were gathered are kept private and confidential to ensure
52
study.
The present study gathered and used substantial data from books,
information for the study. From the data gathered, an interview guide was
needed in the study. A draft of the guide was given to experts in the fields
encoded to improve the interview guide and to come up with one that is
suitable for the purpose of the present study. A consent form was given to
completely voluntary and that the respondents have been fully briefed
regarding the nature of the study. Likewise, the respondents were asked
for their consent to have the interview recorded with a voice recorder and
53
after all of the respondents were interviewed. The length of the interviews
the present study. All the data were transcribed, analyzed, and interpreted.
Data Analysis Commented [v1]: This part should include Qualitative Data
Analysis Technique you have used in the study
The respondents of the study were six (6) purposively chosen Did you use, phenomenological data analysis technique? If yes,
mention it and discuss the process you have undergone to analyze
your data using the said technique
individuals. A self-made interview guide validated by experts on the fields
to find relevant themes that were used in the study. The researchers
phenomenon into their view of the world and the way that they interact with
CHAPTER IV
religion.
late 1990s (Lewine, 2016), have often been the subject of researches from
across different topics, one of which is the level of religiosity. The result of
one such survey conducted by the Pew Research Center in America found
researches and surveys done in various countries around the world found
similar results.
55
Catholic Youth study found that 9 out of 10 respondents stated that they
prompted the present study in one of its aims to know the characteristics of
religious diversity.
other religions but further states that the respondent has no objections with
it.
56
previous statements.
Respondent 4
statements imply.
people. It can also be seen in the responses that the respondents do not
mind that other people hold differing beliefs and in fact respects it.
59
This concurs with the findings of Howe and Strauss (2000), Gorman
et al. (2004), Tapscott (1998), and Zemke et al. (2000) that millennials,
aside from being more diverse than preceding generations, are also more
accepting of diversity.
millennials on religion.
Respondent 1
Respondent 4
Related to this:
religion is:
giving less emphasis on religion. This can be seen in the way that
religion and their belief that having a specific religion is not necessary for
least in the United States, claims that religion is very important to them
freedom.
does not impose many restrictions on its followers. The respondents also
systems of belief.
Respondents 5
different beliefs and that these various beliefs are the reasons why there
give more importance to personal beliefs and cite that all religions have
millennials are moving away from religion and towards spirituality, and that
they define spirituality with words like personal belief and perception.
Supreme Being
previous ones:
Respondent 3
statements:
in the responses of the respondents which show that they can feel being in
with their deity. Other respondent stated that whatever they are as long as
religion as a key part in preparing for a life after death. This can be seen in
stated that if someone is sincere in worshiping in God they can enter the
Kingdom of God.
people create their own unique heaven or hell. Though state of mind is
There have been a number of studies that looked into the religious
2016) are at odds with the National Filipino Catholic Youth Study 2014’s
millennial generation.
The present study sought to find out the various experiences that
have shaped the religious beliefs of millennials. The results of the study
also show how millennials feel about their religion and religion in general.
and that religion helped them grow as a person. They are also aware that
their religious beliefs have been influenced by their social environment and
Supreme Being.
another respondent:
Supreme Being:
Respondent 4
an individual’s belief:
The next statement again shows the belief that religion is a way of
of the subjects indicate that they hold religion as being synonymous with
having a belief in a deity and that this belief in a supreme being is more
Supreme Being.
“…pakikisama sa Panginoon.”
(“…getting along with the Lord.”)
Respondent 2
In line with the previous statements, the next one points to having a
one.
being and that this personal relationship is ultimately more important that
75
respondents that it is this relationship, and not the religion, that would save
a person.
is one of the most unique and important things in a person’s life. At one
point in one’s life, it will go through a hard time. Prayer is one of things that
can help an individual cope with it and having a personal relationship with
The next statement similarly indicates that religion has helped the
religion has helped them and other people in leading a good and upright
life. The subjects also view religion as aiding people by giving them
careers, have higher self-esteem and have higher energy levels. From
increasing their gratitude for the many good things in their life to
lengthening their life span, religion can completely change a person’s life.
that God only created male and female and there is no need to insist on
fulfillment.
her religion because she meets a lot of people and also helps other people
too. Their religion gives them a sense of fulfilment and they feel that their
acceptance.
Respondent 1
Respondent 3
their religion.
better.
Respondent 4
the lives of the respondents and, in their personal experience, made them
better persons.
respondent which shows that not having a religion gave more self-
acceptance.
Respondent 6
Respondent 6
Environment
respondents which show that their religion and/or views on religion were
The next statement also shows that the respondent was influenced
by peers.
In summary, the statements above point out that peer influence have
also indicated by the responses of the subjects that these peers are in a
84
position of higher authority than the subjects and this could have
(1965) that religion is socially acquired and fixed and that social networks
may influence the affiliation and beliefs of a person. Moreover, the findings
influence an individual.
respondents which show that family influence plays a role in the shaping of
statement above.
avoidance of conflict with a family member, and the subjects often have no
This parallels Stott’s (1988) study which found that the belief of
indicate that the subject’s religious views were altered by the courses in his
subjects.
decreases; in many ways, effects will vary based on how a person defines
religion. Also, among the study findings, education had a strong and
respondents which show that they did not have a choice regarding the
family is the main influencer of their religion and the subjects are often
their childhood religion out of fear of having conflicts with their families.
91
perceive that religion causes division among people. This was indicated by
the respondents’ statement that organized religions are often rivalling with
92
different religions serve as just another way for people to be pitted against
each other.
controls people.
Related to this:
them or other people. The responses of the subjects indicate that they felt
95
religion as too restricting and limits what they can and cannot do. The
cannot follow the directives of their religion. Even the leaders of the church
cannot refrain themselves from doing wrong. The subjects’ answers also
Religion
The next statement shows that the respondent wanted to leave his
religion.
the United States that nearly one in five or 19 percent of young adult
Americans switched from their childhood religion and disaffiliated with any
the subjects is often not of their own volition, but rather that of their
parents’.
Beliefs
religion.
The next statement shows that the respondent also doubts the
religion.
religion.
standards.
religiosity as superficial.
form of law.
The next statement shows that the respondent believes that religion
divides people.
varies from one person to the next, the more important aspect is how one
religion.
Religion
respondents which show that they value faith and sincerity towards a
sincerity of belief.
sincere belief in a supreme being alone can save a person even without
religious affiliation.
concept of salvation.
2010 that nearly three in ten or 29 percent of young people aged between
of Millennials
Social Factors:
- Familial Personal Experiences
- Peer
- Educational
Millennials’
Psychological
Development
The diagram above shows how millennials form their own beliefs
regarding religion from the integration of various social influences and their
personal experiences, and how their religion and religious beliefs affect
having been raised from a young age to believe that they are meant for
who made sure that the needs of their children would be met. This
assurance of having what they need when they need it and being made to
believe from a young age that they are unique and special have instilled
themselves rather than external institutions. But aside from the effect of the
way they are raised, the influence of the millennials’ parents extends up to
the way they perceive religion and the religion that they are in. Not only do
the parents of millennials often impose their religion on their children, but
they also become a source of conflict when millennials leave that religion.
of these “authority figure” peers can influence how millennials think of their
millennials get their knowledge of their religion from these peers who are
religious views.
various religions and belief systems through formal education, which the
frequently cross references what they know or have been taught regarding
reality. Though millennials may have been taught to believe certain things
are seen as far from being the same in abstract and in a real world setting,
religious beliefs, regardless of the religion they belong to. These resulting
religious beliefs, in turn, also affect the millennials’ spiritual and moral
morally upright life. The religious beliefs that remain after the integration of
social factors and personal experiences becomes the lens through which
111
millennials see and judge what is right and wrong. Being able to adhere to
these beliefs which they perceive to be true also gives millennials a sense
of fulfillment and the sense that they are becoming better persons. In this
CHAPTER V
General Summary
atheism.
religion?
3. In what ways can the results of the study be used as a framework for
experts in the fields related to the study, a Philosophy instructor from the
and Belief Systems instructor from the Senior High School Within Nasugbu
Era University Quezon City. The respondents of the study were composed
of six (6) purposively selected millennials: one (1) with religious affiliation,
one (1) atheist, one (1) currently enrolled in a public educational institution,
one (1) currently enrolled in a private educational institution, one (1) out of
school youth, and one (1) incarcerated. The researcher used Interpretative
Summary of Findings
Religion.
Conclusions
From the findings of the study, the following conclusions are drawn:
for a life after death. They also place greater importance on having a
largely shaped and influenced by their families, peers, and the education
they receive and that they feel that religion helps people lead better lives
and have in fact been changed by religion for the better and have also
Recommendations
courses.
well.
Howe, N., Strauss, W., (2009). Millennials rising: The next great
generation. Retrieved from:
https://books.google.com.ph/books?hl=en&lr=&id=To_Eu9HCNqIC&
oi=fnd&pg=PA3&dq=Millennials+Rising:+The+Next+Great+Generati
on+By+Neil+Howe,+William+Strauss&ots=kcMjWoMQEU&sig=gPp8
ilI9qWHvOE7Ysrfc-
OBG2fA&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Millennials%20Rising%3A%2
118
0The%20Next%20Great%20Generation%20By%20Neil%20Howe%
2C%20William%20Strauss&f=false; date retrieved: 01/19/2019
Yoder, T.S. (2008) Hume on god: irony, deism and genuine theism.
Retrieved from:
https://books.google.com.ph/books?hl=en&lr=&id=bmUSBwAAQBAJ
&oi=fnd&pg=PR7&dq=+Hume+on+God:+irony,+deism+and+genuin
e+theism&ots=vCa-Tz7TYa&sig=boik-
wKVCFLE9FZJlXlKkjva0gI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Hume%20o
n%20God%3A%20irony%2C%20deism%20and%20genuine%20thei
sm&f=false; date retrieved: 03/19/2019
B. PUBLISHED MATERIALS
Gervais, W., M. Xygalatas, D., McKay R.T., van Elk, M., Buchtel, E. E.,
Aveyard., Schiavone, S. R., Dar-Nimrod, I., Svedholdm-Hakkinen, A.
M., Riekki, T., Klocova, E. K., Ramsay, J. E., Bulbulia, J. (2017).
Gobal evidence of extreme intuitive moral prejudice against
atheists.Nature Human Behaviour.doi:10.1038/s41562-017-0151;
date retrieved: 03/17/2019
120
Jones R. P., Cooper B., Cox D., Lienesch R. (2016). Exodus: Why
americans are leaving religion—and why they’re unlikely to come
back. Public Religion Research Institute Website. Retrieved from:
https://www.prri.org/research/prri-rns-poll-nones-atheist-leaving-
religion/; date retrieved: 01/12/2019
Nelson, M. F., James M. S. L., Miles, A., Morrell D. L., and Sledge S.
(2016): Academic Integrity of Millennials: The Impact of Religion and
Spirituality, Ethics & Behavior, DOI:
10.1080/10508422.2016.1158653 Retrieved from:
www.tandfonline.com; date retrieved: 11/12/2018
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-number-of-americans-
with-no-religious-affiliation-is-rising/; date retrieved: 09/06/2018
C. ELECTRONIC SOURCES
Borowiec, S. (2016). Why young south koreans are turning away from
religion. Aljazeera Website. Retrieved from:
https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2017/05/young-south-
koreans-turning-religion-170524144746222.html; date retrieved:
01/08/2019
Bullivant, S. (2013). The oxford handbook of atheism.Oxford Handbooks
Online. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199644650.013.001; date
retrieved: 01/20/2019
Daley, J. (2017). Survey found most people are biased against atheists,
including atheists. Retrieved from:
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/theres-strong-bias-
against-atheists-around-world-180964382/; date retrieved:
03/04/2019
https://www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/house-bill/1150; date
retrieved: 01/30/2019
of-the-republic-of-the-philippines/the-1987-constitution-of-the-
republic-of-the-philippines-article-iii/; date retrieved: 02/01/2019
The Fund for American Studies Website (2017). New national survey:
Vast, silent majority of millennials overwhelmingly support religious
and social freedoms. Retrieved from: https://tfas.org/news/new-
national-survey-vast-silent-majority-millennials-overwhelmingly-
support-religious-social-freedoms/09/27/2019
APPENDIX A
LETTERS TO THE VALIDATORS
Sir:
Greetings!
We, the undersigned, are fourth year psychology students currently enrolled in RES
102- Thesis Writing 2. An essential part of our research is the validation of the
instrument for gathering the necessary information and data for our study. The research
topic is entitled “Godless Generation? A Descriptive Analysis of the Religious
Beliefs of the Millennials”.
In line with this, we would like to submit to you our self-made interview questionnaires
for your comments and validation.
We are grateful for being given your precious time. Thank you.
Respectfully yours,
Approved by:
Approved by:
Sir:
Greetings!
We, the undersigned, are fourth year psychology students currently enrolled in RES
102- Thesis Writing 2. An essential part of our research is the validation of the
instrument for gathering the necessary information and data for our study. The research
topic is entitled “Godless Generation? A Descriptive Analysis of the Religious
Beliefs of the Millennials”.
In line with this, we would like to submit to you our self-made interview questionnaires
for your comments and validation.
We are grateful for being given your precious time. Thank you.
Respectfully yours,
Approved by:
Approved by:
Sir:
Greetings!
We, the undersigned, are fourth year psychology students currently enrolled in RES
102- Thesis Writing 2. An essential part of our research is the validation of the
instrument for gathering the necessary information and data for our study. The research
topic is entitled “Godless Generation? A Descriptive Analysis of the Religious
Beliefs of the Millennials”.
In line with this, we would like to submit to you our self-made interview questionnaires
for your comments and validation.
We are grateful for being given your precious time. Thank you.
132
Respectfully yours,
Approved by:
Approved by:
Appendix B
SOP 1
Subthemes:
SOP 2
Subthemes:
Subthemes:
Subthemes:
Subthemes:
Subthemes:
Appendix C
Curriculum Vitaes
OBJECTIVE
To work in an organization that would allow me to use my knowledge,
skills, and abilities in making a better and brighter tomorrow for future
generations.
PERSONAL DATA
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
CHARACTER REFERENCES:
I hereby certify that the above information’s are true and correct to the best
of my knowledge and belief.
Applicant’s Signature
139
Mikee I. Bautista
OBJECTIVE
To obtain an internship position in an organization in the field of Clinical in
psychology.
PERSONAL DATA
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
CHARACTER REFERENCES:
Lucky M. Baculo
Former Instructor, Bachelor of Science in Psychology
Batangas State University ARASOF Nasugbu
Nasugbu, Batangas
09568051141
I hereby certify that the above information’s are true and correct to the best
of my knowledge and belief.
Applicant’s
Signature
142