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This document discusses topics in social medicine, epidemiology, infectious diseases, and hygiene. It covers:
- Key concepts in social medicine including health determinants, levels of prevention, and health systems.
- Types of epidemiological studies and how disease frequency and occurrence are measured and compared. It also discusses infectious disease epidemiology.
- Methods of investigating infectious diseases epidemiologically including transmission modes, disease manifestations, and prevention/control measures.
- Demographic indicators used to assess population health including birth/fertility rates, mortality rates, life expectancy, and causes of death.
- Hygiene topics like environmental health, water quality, housing standards, nutrition, food safety, and occupational hygiene
This document discusses topics in social medicine, epidemiology, infectious diseases, and hygiene. It covers:
- Key concepts in social medicine including health determinants, levels of prevention, and health systems.
- Types of epidemiological studies and how disease frequency and occurrence are measured and compared. It also discusses infectious disease epidemiology.
- Methods of investigating infectious diseases epidemiologically including transmission modes, disease manifestations, and prevention/control measures.
- Demographic indicators used to assess population health including birth/fertility rates, mortality rates, life expectancy, and causes of death.
- Hygiene topics like environmental health, water quality, housing standards, nutrition, food safety, and occupational hygiene
This document discusses topics in social medicine, epidemiology, infectious diseases, and hygiene. It covers:
- Key concepts in social medicine including health determinants, levels of prevention, and health systems.
- Types of epidemiological studies and how disease frequency and occurrence are measured and compared. It also discusses infectious disease epidemiology.
- Methods of investigating infectious diseases epidemiologically including transmission modes, disease manifestations, and prevention/control measures.
- Demographic indicators used to assess population health including birth/fertility rates, mortality rates, life expectancy, and causes of death.
- Hygiene topics like environmental health, water quality, housing standards, nutrition, food safety, and occupational hygiene
1. SOCIAL MEDICINE AS A SCIENCE. SUBJECT MATTER. DESCRIPTIVE AND
PRESCRIPTIVE PARTS OF SOCIAL MEDICINE. METHODS OF SOCIAL MEDICINE. 2. CONCEPTS OF HEALTH AND DISEASE. DIMENSIONS OF HEALTH. POSITIVE HEALTH. DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH. 3. SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO INVESTIGATION IN SOCIAL MEDICINE - SOURCES AND METHODS OF COLLECTING PERSONAL DATA. QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN - QUESTIONS AND QUESTIONNAIRE FORMATS. SELF-ADMINISTERED QUESTIONNAIRE. 4. SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO INVESTIGATION IN SOCIAL MEDICINE - INTERVIEW: TYPES, METHODS OF CONDUCTING, INTERVIEW PROCESS. OBSERVATION: TYPES, ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES, OBSERVER ROLES. 5. EPIDEMIOLOGY- DEFINITION AND SCOPE OF EPIDEMIOLOGY. BASIC CONCEPTS - RISK, RISK FACTORS, POPULATION AT RISK, RATE, RATIO, PROPORTION. MEASURING DISEASE FREQUENCY -PREVALENCE, INCIDENCE RATE, CUMULATIVE INCIDENCE. 6. COMPARING DISEASE OCCURRENCE. ABSOLUTE COMPARISON - RISK DIFFERENCE, ATTRIBUTABLE FRACTION, POPULATION ATTRIBUTABLE RISK. RELATIVE COMPARISON - RELATIVE RISK, ODDS RATIO. 7. TYPES OF EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES - CLASSIFICATION. DESCRIPTIVE STUDIES. ECOLOGICAL STUDIES. CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES. 8. ANALYTICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY. COHORT STUDIES AND CASE CONTROL STUDIES-TYPES, DESIGN, CONDUCTING, ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES, POTENTIAL ERRORS. 9. EXPERIMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY - RANDOMIZED CONTROL TRIALS, FIELD TRIALS, COMMUNITY TRIALS: DESIGN, CONDUCTING, APPLICATIONS. 10. PREVENTION - SCOPE AND LEVELS OF PREVENTION. PRIMORDIAL PREVENTION. PRIMARY PREVENTION- POPULATION AND HIGH-RISK STRATEGY OF PRIMARY PREVENTION. 11. SECONDARY PREVENTION - SCREENING. CRITERIA FOR SCREENING. EVALUATION OF SCREENING TESTS. 12. DEMOGRAPHIC APPROACHES TO HEALTH ASSESSMENT. POPULATION SIZE AND COMPOSITION BY SEX AND RESIDENCE. POPULATION AGE STRUCTURE - TYPES, DEPENDENCY RATIOS, MEDICAL AND SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES OF POPULATION AGING. 13. BIRTH AND FERTILITY RELATED INDICATORS — DEFINITIONS, EVALUATION SCALES, WORLDWIDE TRENDS. 14. MORTALITY RELATED INDICATORS - DEFINITIONS, EVALUATION SCALES, WORLDWIDE TRENDS. LEADING CAUSES OF DEATH IN DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES. 15. INFANT MORTALITY RATES AND UNDER MORTALITY RATE - DEFINITIONS, EVALUATION SCALE 16. WORLDWIDE TRENDS AND LEADING CAUSES OF INFANT MORTALITY IN DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES. 17. LIFE EXPECTANCY - DEFINITIONS, EVALUATION SCALES, WORLDWIDE TRENDS. 18. MORBIDITY RELATED INDICATORS AS MEASURES OF PUBLIC HEALTH — DEFINITIONS, SOURCES AND METHODS OF STUDYING MORBIDITY. INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF DISEASES - TH REVISION. 19. MEASURING THE BURDEN OF DISEASES - DALYS. COMMUNICABLE AND NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES - WORLDWIDE TRENDS. MAJOR DETERMINANTS OF NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES - LIFE STYLE RISK FACTORS, ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS, BIOLOGICAL AND GENETIC FACTORS, HEALTH CARE SERVICES FACTORS. 20. HEALTH SYSTEM AS A SOCIAL SYSTEM. TYPOLOGY OF HEALTH SYSTEMS IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES.Y. PRIORITIES OF HEALTH POLICY IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES. 21. INTERNATIONAL HEALTH COLLABORATION. WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. OTHER UN AGENCIES. 22. WHO STRATEGIES "HEALTH FOR ALL IN THE 21ST CENTURY? 23. WHO CONCEPT OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE - ELEMENTS AND PRINCIPLES. 24. HOSPITAL CARE - DEFINITION, BASIC CHARACTERISTICS, FUNCTIONS. INDICATORS OF HOSPITAL ACTIVITY. 25. HEALTH PROBLEMS OF MOTHERS. MATERNAL MORTALITY - DEFINITION, INCIDENCE, CAUSES, PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL MEASURES. FAMILY PLANNING. 26. HEALTH CARE OF MOTHERS - ANTENATAL, INTRANATAL, POSTNATAL CARE. RISK APPROACH. 27. HEALTH PROBLEMS AND HEALTH CARE OF CHILDREN. 28. HEALTH PROBLEMS AND HEALTH SERVICES FOR THE ELDERLY. 29. HEALTH PROMOTION - DEFINITION, DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONCEPT AND PRACTICE OF HEALTH PROMOTION, BASIC PRINCIPLES. OTTAWA CHARTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION. 30. HEALTH EDUCATION - DEFINITION, OBJECTIVES, CONTENT, PRINCIPLES. COMMUNICATION IN HEALTH EDUCATION. PRACTICE OF HEALTH EDUCATION. EPIDEMIOLOGY 1. INFECTIOUS DISEASE EPIDEMIOLOGY. DEFINITION. SUBJECT. METHODS. 2. CHAIN OF INFECTION. DEFINITION. LINKS. MANIFESTATIONS: SPORADIC, EPIDEMIC, PANDEMIC. 3. SOURCES AND RESERVOIRS OF INFECTION. HUMAN SOURCE. CARRIERS AS A SOURCE OF INFECTION. 4. SOURCES AND RESERVOIRS OF INFECTION. HUMAN SOURCE. CASE AS A SOURCE OF INFECTION. 5. SOURCES AND RESERVOIRS OF INFECTION. ANIMAL RESERVOIR.ZOONOSES. 6. MODES OF TRANSMISSION. DIRECT TRANSMISSION. 7. MODES OF TRANSMISSION. INDIRECT TRANSMISSION. 8. SOURCE OF INFECTION. WATER, AIR, FOOD, SOIL. 9. SOURCE OF INFECTION: BODY FLUIDS, BYPRODUCTS, TRANSPLANTS, MEDICAL EQUIPMENT, INSTRUMENTS, ETC. 10. VECTORS. PUBLIC HEALTH IMPORTANCE OF LICE, FLEAS, MOSQUITOES. 11. VECTORS. PUBLIC HEALTH IMPORTANCE OF TICKS AND MITES. 12. SUSCEPTIBLE HOST. IMMUNITY: DEFINITION, TYPES OF IMMUNITY. HERD IMMUNITY. 13. CHAIN OF INFECTION. INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS. SEASONAL AND SECULAR TRENDS. 14. TYPES OF EPIDEMICS: WATER-BORNE, FOOD-BORNE, VECTOR-BORNE. 15. IMMUNIZATION. ACTIVE AND PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION. IMMUNIZING AGENTS (VACCINES, IMMUNOGLOBULIN, ANTISERA/. 16. DISINFECTION - DEFINITION, TYPES, METHODS. DISINFECTANTS. 17. STERILIZATION. DEFINITION. HEAT STERILIZATION. LOW TEMPERATURE STERILIZATION. CHEMICAL STERILANTS. 18. RODENT CONTROL. METHODS. RODENTICIDES. 19. PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES. BASIC PREVENTIVE AND CONTROL MEASURES. 20. NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS. EPIDEMIOLOGY, PREVENTION AND CONTROL. 21. GLOBAL AND NATIONAL EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CONTROL. PROGRAMMES FOR DISEASE ELIMINATION AND ERADICATION. 22. EMERGING AND RE-EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES FOR STATE EXAMINATION
1. INFECTION, INFECTIOUS PROCESS (DEFINITION, ROLE OF THE MICROORGANISM AND THE MACROORGANISM, AND THE ENVIROMENT; PHASES OF A FLOWAGE). 2. INFECTIOUS DISEASE - PERIODS, FEATURES IN THE FLOWAGE OF THE INFECTIOUS DISEASES. 3. BASIC SYNDROMS IN THE INFECTIOUS DISEASES. 4. CLINICAL METODS, LABORATORY TESTS AND INSTRUMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS FOR DIAGNOSTIC OF THE INFECTIOUS DISEASES. 5. AETIOLOGIC DIAGNOSIS BY THE VIRAL DISEASES. 6. AETIOLOGIC DIAGNOSIS BY THE BACTERIAL DISEASES. 7. AETIOLOGIC TREATMENT OF THE INFECTIOUS DISEASES -ANTIBIOTICS, ANTITOXINS AND IMMUNOSTIMULATING DRUGS. 8. SPECIFIC IMMUNOTHERAPY IN THE INFECTIOUS DISEASES. 9. SIDE-EFFECTS BY ANTIBIOTIC TREATMENT AND AFTER ADMINISTRATION OF ANTITOXINS AND IMMUNOSTIMULATING DRUGS - SERUM SICKNESS, ALLERGIC SHOCK E.C. 10. PATHOGENIC TREATMENT OF THE INFECTIOUS DISEASES - FLUID-SALINE REPLACEMENT. 11. PATOGENIC TREATMENT OF BRAIN OEDEMA, ACUTE RENAL FAILURE, ACUTE CARDIOVASCULAR FAILURE. 12. TYPHOID FEVER. 13. FOOD TOXIC INFECTIONS - SALMONELLOSIS. 14. BOTULISM. 15. SHIGELLOSIS. 16. COLIENTERITIS 17. CHOLERA. 18. BRUCELLOSIS 19. LEPTOSPIROSIS. 20. VIRAL HEPATITIS "A". 21. VIRAL HEPATITIS "B". 22. VIRAL HEPATITIS "C". 23. VIRAL HEPATITIS "E". 24. CHICKENPOX. 25. DIPHTHERIA. 26. SCARLET FEVER. 27. MEASLES. 28. RUBELLA. 29. INFLUENZA. 30. PERTUSSIS. 31. MUMPS. 32. MENINGOCOCCAL MENINGITIS. 33. POLIOMYELITIS. 34. PLAGUE. 35. TULAREMIA. 36. EPIDEMIC TYPHUS FEVER. 37. Q FEVER. 38. BOUTONNEUSE FEVER. 39. CONGO-CRIMMEAN HEMORRHAGIC FEVER. 40. HAEMORRHAGIC FEVER WITH RENAL SYNDROME. 41. YELLOW FEVER. 42. ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME. 43. PSITACOSIS. 44. ANTHRAX. 45. TETANUS. 46. LYSSA, HYDROPHOBIA. 47. LYME DISEASE. HYGEINE PART 1. HYGIENE AS A BASIS OF PREVENTION IN MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH. DEFINITION SUBJECT, OBJECT, AIM, TASKS, METHODOLOGY, AND METHODS. MAIN DIRECTIONS OF HYGIENE AS A SCIENCE. 2. GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES IN ATMOSPHERE POLLUTION SOURCES, KINDS OF POLLUTANTS, ONFLUENCE ON HUMAN HEALTH AND PREVENTION. HYGEINIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SOLAR RADIATION AND METEROLOGICAL FACTORS. 3. CLIMATE AND WEATHER IMPACT ON POPULATION HEALTH. PROPHYLACTICS OF METEOTROPIC REACTIONS AND DISEASES. ACCLIMATISATION 4. DISPOSAL OF WASTE AS A NECESSITY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND HUMAN HEALTH PREVENTION. 5. WATER SOURCES AND WATER SUPPLY. WATER QUALITY AND METHODS OF SPECIAL TREATMENT AND DISINFECTING OF WATER. 6. SANITARY REQUIREMENTS FOR DRINKING WATER — ORGANOLEPTIC, PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND MICROBIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS 7. LIFE STYLE AND URBAN AREA. THE HOUSING CONSIDERED AS A SOCIAL, HYGIENIC, AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEM. FACTORS DETERMINING THE HYGIENIC VALUE OF THE HOUSE. 8. HYGIENIC REQUIREMENTS FOR PLANNING, STRUCTURE AND EQUIPMENT OF HOSPITALS AND OTHER HEALTH CARE FACILITIES. 9. HYGIENIC REQUIREMENTS FOR SPECIALIZED HOSPITAL DEPARTMENTS. HAZARDOUS WASTES. PREVENTION OF NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS. REGIMEN IN HOSPITALS. 10. PERSONAL HYGIENE AND QUALITY OF LIFE. DAILY REGIMEN OF DIFFERENT GROUPS OF PEOPLE 11. IONIZING RADIATION — SOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH PROBLEMS. PRINCIPLES OF X-RAY DEFENSE IN IONIZING RADIATION EXPOSURE CASES. CONTROL AND STANDARDS. 12. NUTRITIONAL HYGIENE - AIM AND TASKS. MAIN PRINCIPLES OF PROPER FEEDING. IMPORTANCE, METHODS OF CONTROL AND EVALUATION OF REAL NUTRITION. 13. DIFFERENTIATED PHYSIOLOGICAL NORMS BY AGE, SEX AND PROFESSION. ASSESSMENT OF DIETARY INTAKE. MAIN PRINCIPLES OF PROTECTIVE PROFESSIONAL FEEDING 14. DIETARY FEEDING. ENERGY VALUE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY. 15. FOODS OF ANIMAL ORIGIN — MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS, EGGS, MEAT, FISH. EVALUATION OF NUTRITIVE, BIOLOGICAL AND ENERGY VALUE. 16. FOODS OF VEGETABLE ORIGIN — FRUITS, VEGETABLES, SEEDS, NUTS... EVALUATION OF NUTRITIVE, BIOLOGICAL AND ENERGY VALUE 17. DISEASES DUE TO MISBALANCED NUTRITION. CONTROL OF REASONS AND PREVENTION 18. MICROBIAL FOOD DISEASES — TOXIC INFECTIONS AND INTOXICATIONS. PROPHYLACTICS. 19. NON-MICROBIAL FOOD POISONING. PROPHYLACTICS. PRINCIPLES OF PROPHYLACTICS OF FOOD POISONING. TASKS OF THE PHYSICIAN IN CASE OF ARISING OF FOOD POISONING. 20. HYGIENIC REQUIREMENTS TO PUBLIC CATERING. HYGIENIC REQUIREMENTS TO CATERING ESTABLISHMENTS. CONTROL ON FOOD PREPARATION AND FINISHED MEALS. 21. OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE-DEFINITION, AIMS AND PROBLEMS. PHYSIOLOGY OF LABOUR. FUNCTIONAL CHANGES IN ORGANISM RELATED TO NEW TECHNOLOGIES. 22. PHYSICAL HAZARDS IN WORKING ENVIRONMENT AND ITS PREVENTION. 23. CHEMICAL HAZARDS IN WORKING ENVIRONMENT AND ITS PREVENTION. 24. BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS IN WORKING ENVIRONMENT. SAFETY AND PREVENTION IN WORKING ENVIRONMENT OF HEALTH PROFESSIONALS. 25. DUST AS A FACTOR OF WORKING ENVIRONMENT. CLASSIFICATION, MAIN SOURCES, PATHOGENIC PROPERTIES. PREVENTION OF DUST DISEASES. 26. HYGIENIC REQUIREMENTS TO THE WORKING ENVIRONMENT. CONTROL OF EXPOSURE TO DIFFERENT HAZARDS. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. 27. OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS IN HI-TEC WORKING PLACES. STRESS IN WORKING ENVIRONMENT.PREVENTION. 28. OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES - DEFINITION, ETIOLOGY, DIAGNOSIS, ABILITY TO WORK EXPERTISE. PREVENTIVE MEASURES. 29. HYGIENIC REQUIREMENTS FOR PLANNING, STRUCTURE AND FURNISHING OF CRECHES AND KINDERGARTENS. DAILY REGIMEN OF CHILDREN. 30. HYGIENIC REQUIREMENTS TO SCHOOL FURNISHING AND APPLIANCES. ACTIVITIES AND OBLIGATIONS OF HEALTH PROFESSIONALS IN CRÈCHES AND KINDERGARTENS, PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOL