Upper Extremity Throwing Analysis

I. Lateral View

A. Preparatory Yes No Position

1. Is patient balanced when the knee reaches max height? _ _______ ________ ________

2. Is the head over the middle of the body (observe and position)? _ _______ ________ ________

3. Is lift from thigh and foot directly under knee? _ _______ ________ ________

4. Is hip rotation closed, one pocket to the hitter? _ _______ ________ ________

5. Is weight transferred forward (lateral move to the plate when

stride knee starts to move down and toward plate)? _ _______ ________ ________

6. Is weight transfer not rushed? _ _______ ________ ________

7. Does the driving leg remain constant and not drop before
forward propulsion? _ _______ ________ ________

B. Stride

1. Is stride length less than pitcher’s height (82-94%)? _ _______ ________ ________

2. Are the pitcher’s head and shoulder over the stride leg at ball
release? _ _______ ________ ________

3. Is the stride foot landing neutral (not the heel) between open
and closed? (–10° to +12°)? _ _______ ________ ________

4. Is the knee flexion angle between 34° and 56° at foot contact? _ _______ ________ ________

5. Do the hips rotate first, followed by the shoulders, after foot contact?________ ________ ________

6. Are the hips, shoulders, and eyes level horizontally? _ _______ ________ ________

7. What is the arm position at foot contact? _ _______ ________ ________

8. Shoulder abduction 89°-110°? _ _______ ________ ________

9. Shoulder external rotation 40°-92°? _ _______ ________ ________

10. Elbow flexion 76°-113°? _ _______ ________ ________

© 2009 Human Kinetics. From M.P. Reiman and R.C. Manske, 2009, Functional Testing in Human Performance (Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics).
From Gundersen Lutheran Sports Medicine, Onalski, WI. © Dr. George Davies.
 C. Cocking Yes No Position

1. Is the cocking position of the hand high and back? _ _______ ________ ________

2. Is the external rotation of the shoulder between 84° and 103°

(back arched)? _ _______ ________ ________

3. Is the elbow flexed between 76° and 113°? _ _______ ________ ________

4. Is the horizontal adduction between 7° and 22°? _ _______ ________ ________

D. Release

1. Is the release point with a forward flexed angle of trunk? _ _______ ________ ________

2. Is the lead knee angle the same as at foot contact (15°-52°)? _ _______ ________ ________

E. Follow-Through

1. Is the lead knee straightened at ball release? _ _______ ________ ________

II. Front View

A. Preparatory

1. Are the head and eyes in the proper position? _ _______ ________ ________

2. Is the stride foot alignment proper? _ _______ ________ ________

3. Are the front shoulder and hip alignment correct? _ _______ ________ ________

4. Is the trunk tilt between 47° and 59° above horizontal at ball release?________ ________ ________

5. Is the lead arm action correct? _ _______ ________ ________

6. Are the following correct at ball release? _ _______ ________ ________

Hand and elbow between 12° and 26°? _ _______ ________ ________

Shoulder abduction between 89° and 116°? _ _______ ________ ________

Glove tucked? _ _______ ________ ________

© 2009 Human Kinetics. From M.P. Reiman and R.C. Manske, 2009, Functional Testing in Human Performance (Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics).
From Gundersen Lutheran Sports Medicine, Onalski, WI. © Dr. George Davies.