SERVICES:

GAS SUPPLY:
• Gas supply is provided from the central medical gas distribution which is to supply a medical gas (O2,
N2O, N2) to each ward and OTs through piping.

• The system has a through going color coordination according to the kind of gas

• An audio visual monitoring system capable of checking the situation.

Types of medical gases

Oxygen GAS USA INTERNATIONAL

Medical air Oxygen green white

Surgical air carbon dioxide gray gray

Nitrous oxide nitrous oxide blue blue

Helium / oxygen helium brown brown

Carbon dioxide nitrogen black black

Piped vacuum or suction air yellow white and black

DISPOSAL SYSTEM
FIVE BASIC COMPONENTS :

1. Good appearance

2. Safety

3. Pest control

4. Odor contro

5. Public health safety

WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM

• WASTE DISPOSAL is a Hospital wastes leads to the collected and treated within a maximum
period of time of generation.

• Good waste disposal system should be planned for -

• Handling waste at the point of production

 • Transportation within the facilities

. • Internal storage.

• Internal processing/ treatment.

• Transportation to point of final disposal.

• Solid waste should be sterilized at for near the point of production.

• Source preferable in disposable plastic bags in containers .

• Pathologic waste should be sterilized at or near the point of production prior

to removal from the place.

• hospital waste are the waste produced in the course of health care activities
during treating diagnosing and immunizing human beings.

• 75 to 90% non hazardous or general waste.

• 10 to 15% hazardous.

• Biomedical waste –

1 – human anatomical waste such as human tissue, organs, body parts. Category

2 – animal waste Category

3 – microbiology & biotechnology waste such as waste from lab cultures, stocks or specimens
Category no

4 – waste sharps such as needles, syringe, blades, glass etc. Category no.

5 – discarded medicines Category no.

6 – items contaminated with blood and body fluids including cotton, dressing, beddings
Biomedical waste must be segregated, disposed and transported through color coded plastic
containers and send to the near biomedical disposal unit. WASTE CATEGORIES EXAMPLES

1)General waste Office papers , wrapper , kitchen waste , general sweeping etc.
 2)Pathological waste Body parts , blood , body fluids etc.

3)Sharps Needles , sepals , knives , blades etc.

4)Infectious waste Laboratory culture , tissues , bandage etc.

5)Chemical waste Laboratory reagent , disinfectants , film developer etc.

6)Radioactive waste Unused liquid from radio therapy or lab research , contaminated

glass waste etc.

7)Pharmaceutical waste Expired outdated drugs

8)Pressurized container Gas cylinder , aerosol cans etc.

9)Genotoxic waste Waste containing cytotoxic drugs

HOSPITAL LAUNDRY:
• Laundering of hospital linen shall satisfy two basic considerations, namely, cleanliness and
disinfection.

• Manual/electric laundry can be provided with necessary facilities for drying, pressing and
storage of soiled and cleaned linens.

• Air change in laundry area maybe 10 times per hour.

• FIRE SAFETY:
• Fire fighting installations are done as recommended sprinkler protection, stand pipes, pumps
and storage pressure tanks.

• Used in electric fire, where water cannot be used, foam is formed with soda ash.

SMOKE DETECTORS:

• Used where temperature rises between 0 - 38°c. (O.T, I.C.U, lobbies, diagnostic deptt. etc). Air
conditioning and ventilation systems

• circulating air to more than one floor or fire area shall be provided with dampers designed to
close automatically in case of fire.
 FIRE SAFETY MEASURES:

• Minimum height of floor = 2.4 m - 3.6m

• Ramp ratio should be = 1:12 to 1:20

• Minimum width of exit = 2m

• Minimum exit door height = 2.1m

• Staircase minimum width = 1.5m

• Corridor width should be not less than exit width

• Distance between exits = 30m

• No of persons can go through 2m width door = door width/Capacity factorr = 2000 ÷ 15 = 133
persons

• Based on the occupant load we have to manage no of exit doors.

• No of persons can go through stair way of 1.5 m = 1500/15= 100 persons.

• Based on the occupant load we have to manage no of stair case to provide.

• Static water treatment tank capacity = 100,000 lit.

• Terrace tank = 10,000 lit.

HVAC
PROCESS
• The outdoor air enters the system where low efficiency or coarse filters remove the large
particles and micro organisms. Conditioning to the appropriate temperature and humidity
levels, passes through the another filters for further cleaning. Delivered to the each required
zone.

• After conditioned air is distributed, it is returned back to the air handling unit through a duct.

• A portion of the return air is exhausted outside.

COMPONENETS OF HVAC SYSTEM

• • Outside air inlet and intake filters

• • Humidity modification mechanism.

• • Heating and cooling equipment.

• • Fans.

• Ductwork

• • Air exhaust.

• • Diffuser or grills for proper distribution of air.

• • Controls and switches.

• • Electricity supply system with DG set backup.

PURPOSE
• It provides clean, comfortable and controlled environment to patients and staff. It
minimizes the risk of transmissions of airborne pathogens.

• • It controls the air balance in terms of the risk of air quality and air movement.

• • It facilitates restriction of air quality and air movement through and between the various
departments.

• It provides different types of temperature and humidity to various area.

• • It facilitates ventilation and filtration to dilute and remove contamination, e.g.. Airborne micr
Ducts are made up of G.I., Aluminum. And concealed to avoid noise.o-organism, hazardous
chemicals and odour..

FIRE DAMPERS
• Ducts offers an easy propagatory passage to fire hence fire dampers should be inserted in the
air ducts. Fire dampers are actuated to close the passage by fire detectors.

AIR FILTRATION
• Coarse filters (90%efficiency) and micro fine filters (99.9%efficiency) to prevent large particles,
insects and other particles from entering AHU.

• High efficiency particulate air filters (HEPA filters) which filters up to 0.3 microns with 99.97%
efficiency

WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION:

Water supply
 • : Water is one of the critical utilities in a hospital.

• Hospitals require copious supply of water.

• Hospitals should, as far as possible, rely on the public water supply system for the necessary
quantity and quality of their water supply. This may be supplemented by their own water
supply. Some hospitals have private wells or bore wells that they can to augment their water
supply.

• Water supply distribution network, and

• Sewage disposal The design should allow flexibility to recycle waste water, if need be, for
reuse as A.C cooling tower make-up water or for gardening and toilet flushing.

Sources of water supply

 The primary source of water supply to hospitals is generally the public utility supply system.
Invariably, water is in short supply in most cities. To meet the ever-growing demand for water,
the following alternative sources of water supply may be considered

• Bore wells

• Tanker supply

• Recycled water.

The treated waste water from basin, shower, laundry, etc. can be used in W.C. flushing,
landscaping, etc.

• to ensure a continuous supply of water, adequate storage capacity of underground sumps and
overhead tanks should be provided.

• Water requirement of hospital • The minimum requirement of water supply for any hospital
shall be in accordance with the national building code (NBC):

a. Number of beds not exceeding 100 = 340L per head per day

b. Number of beds exceeding 100 = 450L per head per day

c. Nurses/medical staff quarters = 135L per head per day

d. Minimum hot water requirement = 45L per head per day

• Design elements
Planning
• In large hospitals, the service floor concept may be concept may be considered for running all sanitary
and water supply lines horizontally below the toilets and terminate them in a common vertical duct.

hot water system

• Hot water supply is one of the prime requirements in any hospital. It is required in patient bathrooms,
kitchen, laboratory, laundry, etc. if the hospital is located in a cold climatic area, it is essential to provide
hot water in all the toilets and washbasins. Hot water is supplied through the central distribution system
and is usually generated using oil-fired hot water generators. The temperature of water ranges between
55 C – 60 C and stored in an insulated, closed pressure hot water mixing tank.

drainage system

 the drainage system of the hospital should be simple, effective , economical and serviceable. It
should be designed keeping in view the kind od septic and toxic waste that needs to be
effectively disposed of. It is advisable to adopt a double stack system in which separate stacks
are provided to collect waste and soil from the toilets and other areas. Pipelines should run with
sufficient slopes so that sewage could be conveyed to inspection chambers by gravity.

For sewage disposal, it is preferable to use PVC pipes as they are easy to install and repair, and also
allow for smooth flow of sewage.

Sewage treatment plant

 the objective of the sewage treatment plant is to stabilize the decomposable organic matter
present in
 sewage to produce effluents and sludge. These can then be disposed of in the environment
without causing
 Any health hazards or nuisance. The treated sewage water can also be reused for various
purposes like gardening, landscaping , flushing of WCs A.C cooling towers, etc.
 ELECTRICAL SERVICES :
Electric load estimate for 100 beds
• HVAC - 1200kv

• General Lighting - 320kv

• General Lights and P.P - 350kv

• MRI,CAT Scan and X-ray - 300kv

• Angiography & Gamma Camera - 175kv

• Pathology and Microbiology labs - 150kv • CSSR - 200kv •
Surgical Suites (4-5) - 150kv • Servers ,PC’s - 100kv •
Elevators - 125kv • Laundry and Kitchen -2
DISPOSAL SYSTEM
50kv • Water Supply & Treatment Plants - 180kv • Miscellaneous -
100kv

Design Elements:
• Nature and Magnitude of load.

• Source of Power .

• Voltage Levels.

• Most Economical Size of substance.

• Short Circuit Protection.

• Grounding.

• Overcurrent Protection.

• Lighting Protection.

• Isolation of transformers for operation operation room complex.

• Emergency Generators.

• Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)

FIRE SAFETY
FIRE SAFETY