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Vibrating Screen Types

Screen Types

Inclined Screen

Inclined screens are the most basic type of screen, fixed to an inclined frame at an angle of between 15°
and 30°. The entire body of the screen vibrates on helical springs circularly with the same characteristics
and material flow is supplied by gravitational acceleration.

The slope of the inclined screen is fixed, although the stroke can be adjusted to the required level. The
general working stroke of an inclined screen is between 8 and 12 mm, and design of inclined screens
permits changes to this stroke through the addition or removal of additional eccentric masses on the
exciter.

The exciters of inclined screens are generally driven by an external electric motor that transmits the
power via a belt and pulley mechanism. Vibromotor applications are not preferred for inclined screens
due to their fixed condition working principle.

Inclined screens are generally designed with multi deck arrangements, which allows material to be
classified the between 2–5 grade types. Additionally, these screens are generally fitted with an impact
area directly before the screening section begins that breaks up the material and causes any long pieces
to lie flat during screening.
Inclined screens are comprised of eight basic components, being the side walls, decks, screening media,
exciter, electric motor, motor console, spring and spring supports. The most critical factor in inclined
screens is their weld-free design. All of the parts mentioned here are assembled with bolt and nut
connections to prevent the cracking and failure to the screen body associated with welding.

The advantage of the circular vibrating exciting mechanism used in inclined screens relates to its
simplicity, its low maintenance need and its cost-effective design.

Horizontal Screen

A horizontal screen is a non-conventional design that has unique properties that differentiate it from
other types of conventional screen. Its most obvious advantage is its working angle. While conventional
screens work at an angle of between 15° and 30°, horizontal screens work in parallel to the ground, or at
a slight incline of between 0° and 5° degrees.

Horizontal screens are equipped with triple drive mechanisms that produce an elliptical vibration motion
at the required stroke and slope. As mentioned at the exciter mechanism section above, the triple drive
mechanism combines the linear and circular vibration types in elliptic vibration. In this way, the
advantages of both vibration types are combined in a horizontal screen, so that while the material is
being transporting horizontally at a determined velocity through the linear vibration motion, plunging is
prevented due to the circular vibration characteristic of the elliptical motion.
The stroke of horizontal screens may be adjusted in a range of 14–20mm, although they generally
operate with a stroke of between 16 and 18 mm and with a 750 rpm rotational speed. The material flow
rate in the screening media varies between 0.2 m/s and 0.25 m/s. The mass flow rate depends on the
differences of the phase angle between the eccentric masses.

The triple drive mechanism is driven by an electric motor, with power transmitted by a belt and pulley
mechanism. There is a possibility that the belt may come away itself during operation as a result of the
high stroke working conditions associated with horizontal screens. A new belt stretching mechanism has
been designed to overcome this problem, and all the power transmitting mechanisms in horizontal
screens have been equipped with belt stretching mechanisms.

Horizontal screens have brought many advantages to screening operations, although there are some
disadvantages, the most critical being the complexity of the triple drive mechanism. In fact, triple drive
mechanisms have a sufficiently robust design to overcome any condition, however maintenance
procedures are not short, although the robustness of the design means that frequent maintenance is
unnecessary.

Banana Screen

Banana or multi-slope screens are capable of achieving exceptional throughput per screening area.
These screens have high capacity, low bed depth and high velocity, and may include any number of deck
slopes, from two to as many as six, varying from 45º through to horizontal on the final slope.

Banana screens are

excited by a vibromotor
located on the top of the screen. As mentioned, the exciter section of banana screens has a segmented
deck structure, causing the linear motion created by the vibromotor to accelerate the material
differently at each deck surface due to the geometry of the screen, ensuring effective screen operation is
achieved.

The feed section (highly inclined) of a banana screen permits high velocity material flow, which serves for
the quick removal of fine material. Midway along the banana screen, the resultant thinner bed stratifies
quickly, and the remaining fine material (below the cut point) is screened out more effectively than
would be possible with a slower and thicker bed. The lower screen slope (see diagram) slows the
material down, allowing more efficient screening of near size material at this point. The advantage of this
is the quicker stratification provided due to the high velocity imparted by the banana screen shape.

The various slopes may also incorporate deck media with different apertures to meet the particular
processing requirements. The screens are commonly designed to fit modular rubber or polyurethane
deck panels, although woven wire or punched plates may also be used, depending on requirements.

Dewatering Screen

De-watering screens have been designed to allow the drainage of slurry material water and to reduce
the moisture rate of the material. These systems comprise a vibromotor pair, a vibromotor console,
screening media and a screen body. The screen surface is slightly inclined (between 0° and 5°) to
facilitate drainage and the working speed is between 1000–1500 RPM.

The counter- rotated

vibromotors create a linear
vibration that causes the screen body to shake together with slurry material. The water from the slurry
materials is drained under the effect of vibration and flows through bottom side of the screening surface
as the material moves forward. In this way, a pool of water forms in the valley as sand builds up on the
inclined surface. The uphill slope of the screen along with a discharge weir creates a deep bed that acts
as a filter medium, allowing the retention of material much finer than the screen openings.

Different to dry material screens, dewatering screens work at G-forces in excess of “5g”, ensuring a
perfect drainage operation. Generally operating within a range of 5g and 6g this pre-condition is
necessary for a good dewatering operation.

The fabricated vibromotor console frame, as a vital component in vibration transmission, is stress relived
due to the high G-force working conditions. The screen side plate and the vibromotor side plates of the
console must be machined to exacting tolerances to ensure a precise fit, and consequently, a long
operating life. The steel frame should be constructed with bolted connections to avoid the cracking
associated with weld failures.

Due to the wet and corrosive environment of the dewatering screen, rubber springs should be used on
the support legs to absorb the live frame vibrating loads, which will extend screen life and maintenance
periods.

High Frequency Screen

High-frequency screens are engineered to provide higher production capacities and more efficient sizing
than conventional screens. High-frequency screens operate with aggressive vibration applied directly to
the screen, which allows for the highest capacity in the market for the removal of fine material, as well
as chip sizing, dry-manufactured sand and more.1
Different to other type screens, the vibromotors of high-frequency screens are mounted on each deck
instead of on the screen body. Aggressive vibration is applied within a range of 3600–5000 RPM directly
to the screen media, allowing for higher capacity and more efficient sizing when compared with
conventional screens. Under the effect of high-frequency vibration, a smaller bed depth is obtained,
which allows for stratification and greater screening efficiency.

The high-frequency and low-amplitude operation ensure a faster material travel speed without loss of
screening efficiency. This combination of high frequency and know amplitude is ideal for fine material
screening, in which coarse material particles are lifted higher while the finer particles stay closer to
screen, and as a result, the probability of separation is increased with high-frequency screens.

Grizzly Screen

Very coarse materials are usually screened using an inclined screen called a grizzly screen. Grizzlies are
characterized by parallel steel bars or rails set at a fixed distance apart and installed in line with the flow
of the material. The gap between the grizzly bars is usually greater than 50 mm, and can be as large as
300 mm, with a feed size of up to 1 m. Vibrating grizzlies are usually inclined at an angle of around 20°
and have a circular or linear throw mechanism.

The bars are typically made from wear-resistant manganese steel and are usually tapered to create gaps
that become wider towards the discharge end of the screen to prevent material from wedging between
the bars. Grizzly screens generally used as a feeder prior to the crusher to supply the flow of correct-
sized material through the crusher.
Designed to convey material while separating fines, Vibrating Feeders utilize smooth, controlled feed
rates to maximize capacity. The grizzly bars are tapered to self-relieve, and feature adjustable spacing for
bypass sizing. The feeder construction includes a heavy-duty deck plate with optional AR plate liners,
while the heavy-duty spring suspension withstands loading impact and assists vibration.