GRADUATE TRACER

OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY

GRADUATES IN UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP,

BINAN, LAGUNA BATCH 2017 AND 2018

A Thesis Presented

TO THE FACULTY OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY

University of Perpetual Help – Dr. Jose G. Tamayo Medical University

By:

Angelu DP. Reyes

Mikaela Nadine E. Rivera

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 Jolina Rosel M. Teng

In Partial Fulfillment

of the requirements for the

Degree of Bachelor of Science in Medical Technology

CHAPTER I

PROBLEM AND THE SETTING

Introduction

The University of Perpetual Help System Biñan Laguna is offering a 1 year internship,
seminars, and also pre board examination which help their students to be prepared in
upcoming board examination.

The mission of the College of Medical Technology endeavors to produce

graduates who are locally and global competitive, research oriented, equipped with

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knowledge and technically skills needed in the performance of their duties and Christ
centered professional with great social concern and commitment to the delivery of
quality health care using the reputable Medical Technology Education program of the
University.

The vision of the College of Medical Technology of the University of Perpetual

Help- Dr. Jose G. Tamayo Medical University foresees to be the Perpetual Center of
academic excellence, settings standards for all Colleges of Medical Technology.

The objective of this study is to determine the employment status of Graduates

of Bachelor of Science in Medical Technology from 2017-2018. It assesses the
effectiveness of curriculum of Bachelor of Science in Medical Technology and the
importance of knowledge, skills and work values acquired by graduates that they will
apply to their employment. The findings of the study will serve as the basis of the
researcher to improve the curriculum of this program. This will help the school to be
innovative to employment demands of the country.

Theoretical Framework

The researchers use the Human Capital Theory to support their thesis. It
concludes that investment in human capital will lead to greater economic outputs. In
the past, economic strength was largely dependent on tangible physical assets such
as land, factories and equipment. Labor was a necessary component, but increases in
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the value of the business came from investment in capital equipment. Modern
economists seem to concur that education and health care are the key to improving
human capital and ultimately increasing the economic outputs of the nation (Becker,
1993).

Human capital theory stresses the significance of education and training as the
key to participation in the new global economy. The success of any nation in terms of
human development is largely dependent upon the physical and human capital stock.
Thus, recent social research focuses on the behavioral sciences of humanity in relation
to economic productivity. Generally, human capital represents the assets each
individual develops to enhance economic productivity. Further, human capital is
concerned with the wholesome adoption of the policies of education and development.
In short, the human capital theorists argue that an educated population is a productive
population. Human capital theory emphasizes how education increases the
productivity and efficiency of workers by increasing the level of cognitive stock of
economically productive human capability, which is a product of innate abilities and
investment in human beings. The provision of formal education is seen as a productive
investment in human capital, which the proponents of the theory have considered as
equally or even more equally worthwhile than that of physical capital (Almendarez,
2011).

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 Education plays a great and significant role in the economy of a nation; thus,
educational expenditures are found to constitute a form of investment. This augments
individual's human capital and leads to greater output for society and enhanced
earnings for the individual worker. It increases their chances of employment in the labor
market, and allows them to reap pecuniary and non-pecuniary returns and gives them
opportunities for job mobility. Education is a source of economic growth and
development only if it is anti-traditional to the extent that it liberates, stimulates, and
informs the individual and teaches him how and why to make demands
(Psacharopoulos et. al, 1997).

The rationality behind investment in human capital is based on three arguments:

The new generation must be given the appropriate parts of the knowledge which
has already been accumulated by previous generations.

The new generation should be taught how existing knowledge should be used
to develop new products, to introduce new processes and production methods and
social services;

People must be encouraged to develop entirely new ideas, products, processes,

and methods through creative approaches (Babalola, 2003).

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 Operational Framework

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

*General Profile of *Distribution of *The employment

the graduates in Questionnaires Status of the UPH-

terms of: DJGTMU

a. In-person
Graduates Batch of
a. Demographic distribution
2017-2018
b. Educational b. E-mail

questionnaires
c. Employment

c. Facebook
d. Initial Job after
messaging
Graduation

d. Telephone
e. Career plans of
Interview vi
the respondent

*Interpretation and

Analysis
Figure I.

Figure 1.

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 Figure one (1) presented the conceptual paradigm of the study. It consisted of
three parts: input, process and output. The input contain the profile of Bachelor of
Science in Medical Technology graduates from batches 2017-2018 in terms of a)
Demographic profile which included the following variables age, gender, civil status
and their present address b) educational background which included the year/batch
graduated, professional examination passed, post graduate studies, and trainings
attended after college c) employment profile which included the following variables
present employment status, place/area of work and job position/rank.

The process contained all the tools that were used in data gathering: personal
distribution, e-mail questionnaires, facebook messaging, and telephone interview.
Statistical treatment of data Interpretation of data followed.

The output contained the employment status of Bachelor of Science in Medical

Technology of University of Perpetual Help – Dr. Jose G. Tamayo Medical University
from batches 2017-2018.

Statement of the problem

It is aimed to evaluate one’s progress up to the time the graduates got

employed. This study assesses the availability and quality of graduates. Specifically,
this study will attempt to answer the following questions:

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1. Identifying the general profile of the respondents in terms of the following:

1.1 Name

1.2 Year Graduated

2. What is the Employment Profile of the Respondents Status in terms of the following:

2.1 Employment Status

2.2 Work status

2.3 Designation on Current Job

Statement of the Hypothesis

Based on the problems stated, the following hypothesis was formulated in null form
and subjected to statistical setting:

HO: The graduates of batch 2016, 2017, and 2018 of the University of
Perpetual Help System Biñan, Laguna may not be all employed to their related
course which is Medical Technology

Assumption of the Study

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 The study revolves around the following assumptions based on the given
problems:

1. The majority of the graduates are currently employed in the workplace that is
relevant to their course.
2. Most of the graduates of the said batch (2016-2018) acquired a temporary, part
time or full time employment.
3. Some graduates of the batch may got hired after graduating and there are others
who are having a hard time being employed due to their age, lack of experience
and lack of opportunities.
4. Most of the graduates who are employed are satisfied with their job benefits and
salaries.
5. A part of graduates are also currently unemployed to pursue more opportunities
in medical field through continuing education.

Significance of the study

This study will provide the information about the employment status of the batch
2017 and 2018 graduates of University of Perpetual Help System Biñan Laguna and it
will be beneficial to the following:

For the new students, current students, and for the incoming graduates – To be
able to find out the possible outcomes after graduating or completing the degree.
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 For the graduates and the Alumni -They may use this study as their guiding
reference to their current job status and may seek advice and suggestions from their
school regarding on how to improve on their profession as well as to be satisfied on
their work field.

For the Student – The school will be able to prepare the students and produce
more competent medical technologist in local and international. The student will benefit
the improvement of the education system and curriculum of the department of Medical
Technology.

For the Faculty- The professor will be aware if their teaching techniques are
effective and relevant to their students and will help them to enhance and improve their
teaching methods and strategies.

For the Parents- This will help the parents of each student to ensure that their
child/children is in good hands and all of their hard work are worth paying for.

For patients and the community – They will be able to receive their health care
needs from skillful and accomplished medical technologists produce by competitive
schools and universities.

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 For the health care companies such as hospitals and clinics – to increase the
production of manpower and competitive medical technologist that will provide more
patient care to the hospitals and clinics.

For the health care system of the Philippines - The school may prepare and
motivate medical technologist current students and graduates to be able to provide
health care innovations and tackle health care problems.

For the future researchers – for the future researchers who have plan to make
a similar study, they can use this as their background information and this may serve
them as their aide to modify their future work.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

This study will cover all College of Medical Technology Graduates

whether working abroad or locally based who graduated from the SY 2017 and 2018
on the University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA. The focus of the investigation
is centered on the contentions of tracing the graduates’ employment and on whether
their acquired skills and competencies during their college are significant and relevant
to their present occupations. The researchers will start distributing the survey
questionnaires on the first week of august up to the first week of September, 2019.

Definition of Terms

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Graduate Tracer Study- is a survey (in written or oral form) of graduates from education
institutions, which takes place sometime after graduation or the end of the training.

Health care – the field concerned with the maintenance or restoration of the health of
body or mind.

Hard-to-fill occupations - refer to job vacancies where the company is having difficulty
filling because job applicants are not qualified or there is no supply of job applicants. It
is also hard for employers to fill these occupations since many qualified applicants
prefer to work abroad, seek higher pay or have problems with work schedule or
location.

In-demand occupations- refer to job vacancies posted recurrently by establishments

and industries, and have a high turnover or replacement rate.

Internship - any official or formal program to provide practical experience for beginners
in an occupation or profession

Licensure - the state or condition of having a license granted by official or legal

authority to perform medical acts and procedures not permitted by persons without
such a license.

Social mobility – is the movement of individuals, families, or groups through a system

of social hierarchy or stratification.
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University of Perpetual Help- established in 1968 by Dr. Jose de Guzman Tamayo
and his wife Dra. Josefina Laperal Tamayo as Perpetual Help Hospital and College of
Nursing, this institution has been training Nurses, Doctors, Maritime, Accountants,
HRM, Allied health, Lawyers, Engineers and many other courses for service in the
Philippines and abroad. Now known as UPHS Jonelta (Jose and Nena Laperal
Tamayo), the University of Perpetual Help System Jonelta has campuses in Manila,
Binan, GMA Cavite, Isabela, and Malasiqui, Pangasinan.

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

This chapter presents the review of related literature and studies that are
relevant to the present “Graduate Tracer study of Medical Technology graduates in
University of Perpetual Help, Biñan, Laguna Batch 2017 and 2018”.

History of Medical technology in the Philippines

During World War II, Philippines was seriously affected. Pearl Harbor was
invaded by Japan on December 7,1941. Three days later, Japan conquered the entire
Philippines, causing the wrath of the United States to flare up. Illnesses and death was
very evident. In 1944, US bases were built in Leyte. This allows United States to bring

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in members of their healthcare team to the Philippines to serve their wounded soldiers.
On January 9, 1945, 850 US ships of the 6th US Army began a round-about to
Lingayen Gulf attempting to mislead the Japanese. Manila was taken and Corregidor
was liberated, finally, real medical facilities were made available to the Philippines
which include the 26th Medical Laboratory of the 6th US Army. The said laboratory was
located at 208 Quiricada Street, Sta. Cruz, Manila, but now known as the Public Health
Laboratory; a division of the Manila Health Department. As early as February of that
year, training of civilians to become members of the healthcare team was already being
done. The 6th US army left the laboratory on June 1945. The laboratory was endorsed
to the National Department of Health, but the department didn’t seem to be interested
in pursuing the objectives of the laboratory.

The 2nd World War ended on September 1945 and barely, a month later, the
laboratory was formerly reorganized by Dr. Pio de Roda and assisted by Dr. Mariano
Icasiano who was then the Manila City Health Officer. The laboratory was later named
Manila Public Health Laboratory. A training program for individuals aspiring to become
laboratory workers was offered in 1947 by Dr. Pio de Roda in collaboration with Dra.
Prudencia Sta. Ana. Trainees were mostly high school graduates and paramedical
graduates. The training proved to be ineffective because the trainees were never
motivated and there was no program that was supposed to last for a set period of time
and no certificates were issued to the trainees. Realizing this, Dr. Pio de Roda

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instructed Dra. Sta. Ana to prepare a formal syllabus of the training program. In 1954,
the training began using a syllabus and it was to last 6 months. The training program
offered by Dr. Pio de Roda did not last long because during that same year, the formal
education of Medical Technology in the Philippines began.

Foreign Literature

A tracer study, sometimes also called as "alumni survey" or "follow-up survey"

is a constitute one form of empirical study which can provide valuable information for
evaluating the results of the education and training of a specific institution of higher
education. This information may be used for further development of the institution in
the context of quality assurance. It enables the institution of higher education to get
information to indicate possible deficits in a given educational programed and to serve
as a basis for future planning activities. Therefore information on the professional
success (career, status, income) of the graduates is needed as well as information on
the relevance of knowledge and skills (relationship between knowledge and skills and
work requirements, area of employment, professional position). Graduates might also
be asked to assess the study conditions and provisions they experienced
retrospectively (evaluation in a narrow sense). Employer survey typical focus on the
methods and criteria of recruitment and on the competencies of graduates and possible
future needs (Schomburg, 2003).

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 Docherty (2014) said employers want graduates to be better prepared for the
workplace. Universities need to be thinking about the skills they will need to do well in
a job. Universities need to think of graduates' long term careers. The implications for
the higher education sector are clear: create graduates who are more agile, have a
solid understanding of how the workplace works and can see how their skills fit into it
and prepare them for the idea of moving across jobs and sectors.

Mattis (2018) emphasized that focusing on employability helps universities to

attract and retain high quality students and maintain a competitive advantage in the
global market as a result. Not only is this, but the importance of employability evident
for the students themselves when we take a look at International Student Surveys –
where many cite employment outcomes as their primary motivation to study abroad.
Practical recommendations for institutions communicating with employers: Whether it
be on a local, regional or global scale, it is important to liaise with employers in order
to create work experience opportunities for as many of your current students as
possible. Bridging the skills gap: It is important to engage with businesses to facilitate
closer correspondence between the skills universities teach and the skills businesses
want. Here, it is necessary to adopt a broad definition of ‘teach’ and acknowledge that
soft skills such as flexibility, critical thinking, communication skills, and teamwork, are
often in shorter supply compared to hard skills – technical, faculty related attributes.
Setting a clear message of its importance: It is important that your university

xvii
emphasizes employability throughout the university journey. Integrating employability
into curricula: Your institution should be seeking ways to integrate employability-
focused moments into curricula.

According to The University of Sydney, employers favor candidates with a wide

range of employability skills to complement their job-specific skills and study.
Employability skills (sometimes called ‘soft’ skills) refer to a set of transferable skills
and key personal attributes which are highly valued by employers and essential for
effective performance in the workplace. Unlike professional or technical skills, these
employability skills are generic in nature, rather than job-specific, and are common to
all work roles and workplaces across all industry types - for instance, communication
and teamwork.

Brockner et. al (2018) stated that fairness is at the heart of enhancing

employees’ work experiences. It begets numerous benefits such as employees’
satisfaction with their jobs and commitment to their companies. In the context of
performance evaluations, when people believe that the outcomes of their evaluations
are commensurate with how well they performed, they are likely to consider the
evaluations as fair. But there is so much more that goes into people’s perceptions of
fairness. Specifically, employees perceive the fairness of evaluation processes when
they feel included and respected. They also consider it fair when their evaluations are
accurate and are conducted based on ethical and moral principles. When employees
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perceive fairness in the evaluation processes, they are more likely to accept their
evaluations, in which case they will digest the information contained in the evaluations
and motivate themselves accordingly.

Spacey (2017) defines that work performance is how well an individual performs
a job, role, task or responsibility. This includes tangible things such as revenue targets
and intangible things such as communication. Performance is evaluated with respect
to documented responsibilities, objectives, goals and reasonable expectations
associated with a role, profession and industry.

Local Literature

Republic ACT. No. 5527, also known as “The Philippines Medical Technology
Act of 1969”, defined Medical Technology as an auxiliary branch of medicine which
deals with examination using various chemical, microscopic, bacteriologic and other
medical laboratory procedures or techniques that will aid the physician in diagnosis,
study and treatment of disease and in the promotion of health in general.

The course of study of medical technology is interdisciplinary focusing on both

the natural science and the health sciences. It is a health allied profession in which the
student studies and trains in hematology, clinical chemistry, medical microbiology,
clinical microscopy, immunology, serology, general pathology and other related
disciplines. (Cardona et. Al,2015)

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 Minimum Required Course, the medical technology course shall be at least four
years, including a 12-month satisfactory internship in accredited laboratories. (Rabor,
2011)

According to Valdez (2006), the most marketable skill of an entry-level medical

laboratory technologist is the application of principles learned in the educational
program for use in a broad spectrum of laboratory activities in the work environment.
Over the past few years there was concern for how well the “syllabus approach” met
the needs of programs preparing entry-level medical laboratory technologists for a
workplace that is rapidly changing due to new technology in the health care system.

Conduct of examination, the local board examination is conducted twice every

year: March and September. It is a two-day written exam composed of 100-item
multiple choice questions for each subject. The usual sites include selected schools
from greater Manila area, Cebu, and Davao (Cardona et. Al, 2015).

Under R.A 5527, section 19, Rating in the examination – in order to pass the
examination, a candidate must obtain a general average of at least 75% in the written
test, with no rating below fifty percent in any of the major subjects: provided that the
candidate has not failed in at least 60% of the subjects computed according to their
relative weights. No further examinations will be given to applicant who has not
qualified after three examinations, unless and until he shall have completed 12 months
refresher course in an accredited laboratory: Provided, that graduate of paramedical
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profession other than Bachelor of science in Medical Technology admitted to an
examination under the provisions of this Act shall not be given further examinations
after his failure to qualify for the third time. Section 21 Issuance of Certificate of
Registration – Every applicant, who has satisfactorily passed the required examination
for medical technologist shall be issued a certificate of registration as such: Provided,
that no such certificate shall be issued to any successful applicant who has not attained
the age of twenty-one (21) years. Provided, further, that the Board shall likewise issue
a certificate of registration as medical laboratory technician without examination to any
person who upon application shows evidence satisfactory to the board that: 1. He or
She passed the civil service examination for medical technician given on march 21,
1964; or 2. Has finished a two-year college course and has at least one (1) year of
experience as medical laboratory technician, Provided, that for every year of deficiency
in college attainment two (2) years of experience may be substituted; provided, further,
that an applicant: who has at least ten (10) years of experience as medical laboratory
technician as of the date of approval of this decree regardless of his academic
attainment may qualify for registration without examination; or 3. Has failed to pass the
board examination for medical technology but had obtained a general rating of at least
70%. Provided, finally, that a registered medical laboratory technician when employed
in the government shall have the equivalent civil service eligibility not lower than
second grade (Rabor,2011).

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 Written in the Department of Labor and Employment Industry Career Guide
(2019), Ideal workers in the hospital care and treatment and specialty clinics,
particularly in the clinical field, have the following characteristics: desire to serve
patients, are self-motivated, able to survive the pressures and long hours of medical
education and practice, follow instructions accurately and efficiently, ability to make
decisions in emergencies, and the willingness to study throughout their career to keep
up with medical advances. Moreover, both clinical and non-clinical workers must have
excellent oral and written communication skills; maintain concise and accurate
confidential patient records; and be able to prioritize the needs of the patients and keep
their confidence. In this study, this may help the College of Medical Technology
Graduates to foresee the qualities they need to have to be an efficient healthcare
worker.

Aranda (2018) stated that the National Statistics Coordination Board (NCSB)
said the number of college grads “has not risen fast enough, threatening the country’s
supply of qualified human capital.” The Philippines was able to increase its human
capital, not just the qualified kind.

All the sectors responsible for human capital production and utilization agreed
the problem is jobs and skills mismatch: a college diploma by itself does not mean
being job-ready. Tertiary education must be preceded by an extended secondary
education similar to developing and developed countries.
xxii
 Project Jobs fit: The DOLE 2020 Vision presented the list of in-demand jobs and
hard to fill occupation from the year 2013 to 2020. It shows that Medical technology is
included on hard to fill occupations.

Local Studies

In Graduate Tracer Survey Result of Bachelor of Arts in Communication of De

La Salle Lipa, the majorities of the graduates of the AB Communication program were
female between 22 - 24 years old, single and were employed in communication-related
field. The quality of teaching provided to the students was very effective. Students
rarely participated in activities initiated in the campus and support services given to the
students were also available in the institution. The respondents rated occupational
skills/practical exercise and work experience as the two important factors in getting a
good job while no/little work experience and outdated/irrelevant skill learned were the
main barriers to getting a job. The AB Communication program had a great impact on
their ability to work with others, confidently learn independently, and written and spoken
communication skills. The overall college experience rating of the program was helpful.
This experience developed a positive influence on the intellectual growth and interest
in ideas and also a positive influence on their growth, attitudes, and values. The AB
Communication graduates were able to acquire different career opportunities in the
various fields of the communication industry since the institution provided the skills and
knowledge to be successful. The end product of the tracer can be used in the curricular
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revision of the AB Communication program to make it more responsive in preparing
the students for their future professions since they recommended adding courses such
as foreign language and editing (Jumarang, 2016).

According to the study of Valdez(2006), the majority of the medical technology

graduates of Lyceum of Batangas SY 2002-2006 have always demonstrated the
competencies expected of them like professional responsibility and professional
laboratory skills and safe work practices while further improvement and retooling is
needed on the following competencies like critical thinking, problem solving and
decision-making; communication, teamwork and interactive skills, instrumentation and
computer skills; leadership and management and teaching and training responsibilities.
With these results, there is a need to help the future graduates to develop to the fullest
these entry-level competencies by enhancing the Medical Technology internship
training program using an evaluation instrument based on the competency-based
standards model giving emphasis on constant mentoring, implementation, constant
evaluation and monitoring of the program and the students as well.

A Tracer Study on Employability and Competencies of Pharmacy Graduates

Batch 2011-2015 by Sugbo et. Al (2017) showed that having a good education is one
of the most important aspects which provide the knowledge, skills and value of an
individual. This will help an individual to become a component professional in the near
future. Though the information obtained from tracer studies, Universities or educational
xxiv
institutions get systematic feedback from their former students. This is helpful for
institution to show its effectiveness in producing globally competent pharmacists.
Results showed out of 134 respondents, 104 or 77.61% are all female while, with an
age bracket of 24-25 and 94 or 70.15% of them are residing in Laguna. Majority of
them are employed, in a good position and 47.65% are engaged in community setting.
The data also reveals that their school-acquired skills are relevant in their present job.
Moreover, their competencies in each area of pharmacy meet the requirement
established by PPHA with an average of 95.35%. The study concludes that majority of
the respondents have a good position in their current job and most of them meet the
required competency standard established by PPHA.

On “Employability of BS Pharmacy of University of Perpetual Help-Dr. Jose G.

Tamayo Medical University Batches 2009-2013” by Manalo et. Al (2015) showed that
one of their purposes is that university education can improve job prospects and it could
benefit an individual in a much broader way. From information provided by tracer
studies, the higher education institutions can get a systematic feedback from their
former students. This could be one of the ways the institution can determine and show
its effectiveness in molding globally competent pharmacists. Results showed based
from the gathered data, majority of the alumni were female with 162 or 79.02%, single
with 195 or 95.12%, employed with 179 or 87.32%, working on a regular basis with 143
or 78.89%, works as pharmacists with 70 or 39.11%, working in the field of community

xxv
pharmacy with 77 or 43.02%. The study concludes that alumni of BS Pharmacy of the
University of Perpetual Help – Dr. Jose G. Tamayo Medical University employability
were high in all fields of pharmacy practice. This means that pharmacy profession is in
demand.

A study entitled “CCS-Graduate Tracer System (Online)” by Baccay et. Al (2013)

showed that the Graduate Tracer system aims at examining the relationship between
tertiary education and the world of work. College of Computer Studies is one of the
colleges of UPHSL. Tracer studies constitute one form of empirical study for
appropriately evaluating the output if the education and training system in relation to
the labor market. They bring together certain basic types of information concerning the
level of employment, unemployment and underemployment amongst others which put
into perspective the contribution of the sector. They also provide indications of possible
deficits in a given educational programme, such that the latter can be move closely
aligned with the needs of the economy.

Foreign Studies

According to Sebring et. Al (2006) five supports were identified as essential for
school improvement. The first, leadership, acts as a catalyst, stimulating the
development of the four other cores organizational supports: parent-community ties,
professional capacity of the faculty and staff, a student-centered learning climate, and
ambitious instruction. Parent-community ties and professional capacity of the faculty
xxvi
and staff reflect the individual and collective capacities of the adult actors in the
school community and, in turn, result in the conditions that directly affect student
learning: learning climate and ambitious instruction. The development of the five
essential supports depends in significant ways on features of local context. Previous
studies have linked relational trust across a school community, school size and the
stability of the student body to school improvement. This report adds new findings
about the linkage between the social context of school communities and their
capacities to improve, finding that schools with strong essential supports, even when
located in communities with relatively low levels of social capital and high densities of
abused or neglected children were able to improve and show higher-than-average
learning gains. The report concludes that the greatest improvements occur when
there is organizational strength in all the essential supports. Each support appears to
facilitate the functioning of the other supports. The opposite is also true: a weakness
in any organizational element can undermine strengths in other areas. The
importance of strength in multiple essential supports suggests that narrow
interventions will have limited success in improving student learning and that the
resources necessary to achieve substantial improvement in socially isolated, crime-
ridden communities where there is little social capital are daunting. The school
system must press forward to strengthen the essential supports in these schools,
building and supporting partnerships at community, city, county, state, and federal
levels, to address the serious challenges that go beyond the schoolyard.
xxvii
 Agarkov’s (2017) study on Financial and Social Success of University
Graduates in the Ural Region stated that the quality of human capital is a priority
factor for the development of modern economy. Apparently, the system of higher
education has a significant impact on the human development. There are a number
of approaches to assessing this impact and to enhancing its positive outcomes.
Studying the professional and social trajectories of graduates allows obtaining an
objective picture of a practice-oriented influence of higher education on the human
capital formation. The article explores young professionals’ career development six
months after graduation. We analyze the characteristics of young professionals’
occupational and educational trajectories through examining the indicators of
graduates’ employment monitoring in 2014–2016. The data are supplemented by the
results of the graduates’ survey conducted in 2017 using administrative data. The
data were processed using the methods of cluster and regression analysis,
classification method and expert estimates. We have disproved the hypothesized
significant impact of graduates’ performance at the university and their training basis
(fee-payment or budgetary funding) on the financial success of graduates.
Furthermore, we have identified five tendencies. Firstly, the graduates are
increasingly involved in unstable employment. Secondly, working experience has a
significant impact on successful employment. Thirdly, graduates continue their
training to adapt themselves to the labor market. Fourthly, the financial and social
success is highly dependent on the choice of training specialties, which are in
xxviii
demand in the modern economy. And last, there is a high mobility among graduates.
Up to 30 % of them are moving to another subject of the Russian Federation. The
study results can be applied to improve the quality of bachelor and master degree
programs, taking into account the identified specifics of young professionals’ unstable
employment and to determine areas for effective government investment in the
development of the Ural region human potential.

A Tracer Study on the graduates of Guidance and Counseling Department of

Ahmad Dahlan University by Hartini et. Al (2017) aims to describe users alumni
evaluation towards the graduates of Guidance and Counseling Department. This
study belongs to the quantitative descriptive study applying survey approach. This
study employs random sampling technique with 30% proportion of the total graduate
during 2014-2016. The study concludes that the higher education considers
education as a product, rather than completely forgetting the problem of product
quality. The real quality of education lies in the ability of science to be applied in
society, the ability of science to improve the quality of life. Graduates' quality
becomes the main problem concerning the competitiveness of graduates in
universities. The quality of the graduates is also caused by the quality factor of
educators (Lecturers), educational facilities and infrastructure, and also the college
policy. These three things are the crucial cause to support the quality of graduates in
universities. The quality of graduates will enhance the competitiveness of these

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graduates personally and the college concerned. The users of alumni consider that
the competence of the graduates of guidance and counseling courses in terms of the
aspects of integrity, professionalism, IT usage, communication, teamwork, and self-
development are very good, but it still lacks in the use of language, especially
English. This research recommends policy development on English ability
improvement program through the use of foreign literature in lectures, establishment
of English Club and TOEFL training in cooperation with English Education Study
Program, and UAD Language Development Center Institution.

The study, “Graduate employability in Indonesia” by Nugroho et. Al (2012)

stated that many of the graduates looking for employment felt that the jobs they applied
for were related to their field of study regardless of the HEI they had attended. Most of
the graduates concurred that their academic training matched the requirements
of their current employment, indicating that the HEIs had prepared the students
sufficiently to meet labor market demands. Jakarta was the preferred location for
work, largely because most of the respondents were from the capital. However,
the graduates also indicated that they were looking for employment overseas. The
graduates had also submitted many job applications before they were able to find
employment. Still, many found employment within six months of graduation. Graduates
looking for employment had expressed a preference for working in the private sector.
Regardless of the length of time in their current positions, the majority of

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employed graduates were dissatisfied with their current jobs. For those who had
expressed some degree of job satisfaction, the salary level appeared to have been an
influential factor. Many employers wanted the HEIs to improve their curricula to
match the needs of the industry by including on-the-job and soft skills training as
part of students’ skill development. Employers prioritized integrity, intellectual capacity,
team work skills, and analytical and problem solving skills as the most desirable
characteristics they were looking for from the graduates.

Chapter III

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Research Design

This study uses the quantitative research design. It aims to determine the
relationship between one thing (an independent variable) and another (a dependent or
outcome variable) in a population. This study utilized the descriptive type of study under
the quantitative research design. In which the researcher describe the current status
of a variable phenomenon. Through this research design, this study was able to show
the Graduate Tracer Study of Medical Technology Graduates in University of Perpetual
Help, Biñan, Laguna Batch 2017-2018.

Sources of Data
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 A survey is a list of questions aimed at extracting specific data from a particular
group of people. It is consist of a predetermined set of questions that is given to a
sample. Surveys may be conducted by phone, mail, via the internet, and sometimes
face-to-face on busy street corners or in malls. (Wikipedia)

In this research, the survey will be used as the primary source of data to know
the respondent's profile.

Respondents of the Study/Sampling Technique

The respondents of the study were the Batch of 2017-2018, Graduates of the
University of Perpetual Help Biñan Laguna. The study used the convenience sampling
to be able to get information using survey from the respondents.

Convenience sampling is a kind of sampling wherein the primary available

number one information source could be used for the studies without additional
necessities. In different words, this sampling method entails getting individuals
anyplace you can find them and usually wherever is handy. In convenience sampling
no inclusion standards recognized prior to the choice of subjects. All subjects are
invited to participate (Dudovskiy, 2011).

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Instrument and Validation

The list of respondents will be provided by the Dean of the college of Medical
technology. The researchers will communicate mainly to the respondents through e-
mail questionnaires and Facebook messaging. The respondent may be contacted as
well in person, through phone text/messaging and phone call.

Data Gathering Procedure

The primary data that the researchers gathered was from the Dean of the
College of Medical Technology of the University of Perpetual Help System Biñan,
Laguna. This data is consists of the list of the respondents. The researcher provided
questionnaires and gathered information from the respondents. The answer from the
respondents was used as a primary data as well. The secondary data gathered came
from books, thesis, newspapers provided the DJGTU and UPHS library. The articles
from the internet were gathered.

The researchers started distributing the survey questionnaires on the first week
of august up to the first week of September, 2019.

Statistical Treatment Data

The study utilized frequency and percentage as their statistical treatment to determine
status of the respondents. The researchers will get the frequency by adding all of the
xxxiii
respondents' answers on a certain question. The researcher will get the percentage by
dividing frequency to total number of respondents and then multiplied by 100%.

In finding out the profile of the respondents the researchers utilized the frequency-
percentage statistical tool formula as follows:

Formula: P=n x 100

N

Where: P = Percentage
N = Total number of respondents
n = total number of responses
100 = constant number

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 CHAPTER IV

Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data

1. General Profile

Table 1 shows the total number of graduates from batches 2016- 2018

Table 1

Distribution of Respondents Relative to the Number of Graduates

Batch Number of Total Number of Total number that did not

Year Graduates Respondents respond
2016 100
2017 76
2018 88
Total 264 241 23

The Table shows that there were a total of 100 graduates in the year 2016,
76 in the year 2017, and 88 in the year 2018. It also shows the total numbers
of respondents participated and the total number of those who did not

xxxv
 participate. There were a total of 21 respondents or 8.71% that were not able
to participate because the researchers were not able to locate them.

2.Employment profile

Table 2

Frequency Distribution of the Respondents According to their Employment

Profile
Employment
Status Work Status
Batch E+ UE+ Reg Cont'l Part N/A
2016 39 41 37 0 2 0
2017 64 11 63 1 1 0
2018 63 23 59 0 1 3
Frequency 166 75 158 1 4 3
Percentage 73.86% 31.12% 95.18 1.20% 2.41% 1.81%
Total 241 166

E+ -Employed, UE+ - Unemployed, Reg- Regular, Cont’l – Contractual, Part – Part time, N/A – No answer

The Table shows he Frequency Distribution of Respondents According

to their Employment Profile. 166 or 73.86% out of 241 respondents are
employed. It is a relative percentage that indicates an average demand for
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 Medical Technologists as it is revealed that 158 or 95.18% of the respondents
are regular on their job. 75 or 31.12% out of 241 respondents are unemployed.
Most of them are about to take the boards, some failed and others pursued
Medicine Course

3.Designation of Current Jobs

Table 3

Frequency Distribution of the Respondents According to their Designation on

Current Jobs

2016 2017 2018 Overall

Designations F % F % F % F %
Medical Technologist 37 88.10% 62 92.54% 55 79.71% 154 92.77%
Laboratory Technologist 0 0 2 2.99% 5 7.25% 7 4.22%
Faculty 2 4.76% 0 0 1 1.45% 3 1.81%
Business 0 0 0 0 2 2.90% 2 1.20%
Total 39 100% 64 100% 63 100% 166 100%

xxxvii
(DOLE), D. o. (n.d.). 2013 - 2020 In-demand and Hard-to-fill Occupations. Retrieved from Project Jobs
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https://www.manilatimes.net/millions-of-grads-no-jobs-up-for-grabs/392868/

xxxviii
Dorcherty,G.(2014). Universities must produce graduates who are ready for any
workplace. Retrieve from The Guardian: https://www.theguardian.com/higher-
education-network/2014/may/22/universities-must-produce-graduates-who-
are-ready-for-workplace

Mattis,G. (2018). The importance of Graduate Employablity for Universities. Retrieve

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https://sydney.edu.au/careers/students/career-advice-and-
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Brockner, J. Cremer, D. Chun, Jinseok. (2018) People Don’t Want to Be Compared

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Valdez, A. (2006) Competencies of career-entry Medical technology Graduates of
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