Dinamica si Fiabilitatea Autovehiculelor Rutiere

Proiect

1.Sa se proiecteze un autoturism avand urmatoarele date initiale:

Masa totala Ga [kg] 2

Viteza maxima in [km/h] si [m/s]
Panta maxima [°]
Coeficientul de rezistenta la rulare f (0,025…0,035) 0.
Aria sectiunii transversale A [m2] (1,6…2,5)
Coeficientul de neuniformitate 0
cx (0,3…0,5)
Densitate aer ρaer [kg/m3] 1.
Randamentul η
Puterea la viteza maxima Pvmax [kW] 2040.7

2.Date tehnice autoturism Ford Fiesta VII 1,6 TDCi

Tipul motorului
Puterea motorului [kW]
Turatia la putere maxima [rot/min] nP 3
Cuplu motor [Nm]
Turatia la cuplu maxim [rot/min] nM 3
Viteza maxima Vmax in [km/h] si [m/s] 170 47.222
Numar usi
Numar scaune
Lungime [mm] 4
Latime [mm] 1
Inaltime [mm] 1
Ampatament [mm] 2
Ecartament fata [mm] 1
Ecartament spate [mm] 1
Amplasare motor Fata Transversal
Volum motor [cm3] 1
Tractiune F
Masa proprie G0 [kg] 1
Masa maxima autorizata [kg] 2
Tipul pneului 185/65R15

Dimensiuni pneuri
91 indicele de sarcina [kg/pneu] 615
Latime [mm] 185
Inaltime [m] 0.12025
Raport H/B 0.65
Diametrul jantei [m] 0.3556
Raza de rulare rr=r0 [m] 0.29805

Repartitia greutatii pe punti

Greutate totala autovehicul Ga [kg] 2052
Greutate bagaj [kg] 20
Greutate pasager [kg] 75
b/A [%] 0.51 b [mm] 1306.6
a/A [%] 0.49 a [mm] 1255.4
G1 [kg] 1046.52
G2 [kg] 1005.48
Greutate pe anvelopa G1d [kg] 523.26

3.Trasarea caracteristicii externe

Puterea maxima dezvoltata de motor Pmax [kW] 85

Coeficientul de elasticitate al motorului 0.437
α1 1.111900533
α2 0.776198934
α3 -0.888099467
nvmax=nmax (coeficient pentru MAC=0,9…1) 3610
nvmax/np 0.9
f(nvmax/np) 0.982007105
Randamentul total 0.874
Turatia minima mmin 722
Turatia minima stabila nmin stabil 922

n [rpm] Pe [kW] Me [Nm] kn kPe kMe

922 26.22129 271.5979 73.83088 121.51 311.1673
1022 29.14806 272.3718 81.83857 135.08 312.0539
1122 32.05503 272.8392 89.84625 148.55 312.5894
1222 34.93258 273.0001 97.85394 161.88 312.7738
1322 37.77107 272.8546 105.8616 175.04 312.607
1422 40.56088 272.4025 113.8693 187.97 312.0891
1522 43.29238 271.644 121.877 200.62 311.2201
1622 45.95594 270.5791 129.8847 212.97 310
1722 48.54194 269.2076 137.8924 224.95 308.4288
 1822 51.04075 267.5297 145.9001 236.53 306.5064
1922 53.44274 265.5453 153.9078 247.66 304.2329
2022 55.73828 263.2545 161.9154 258.3 301.6083
2122 57.91774 260.6571 169.9231 268.4 298.6325
2222 59.97151 257.7533 177.9308 277.92 295.3057
2322 61.88994 254.5431 185.9385 286.81 291.6277
2422 63.66342 251.0263 193.9462 295.03 287.5986
2522 65.28232 247.2031 201.9539 302.53 283.2183
2622 66.737 243.0734 209.9616 309.27 278.487
2722 68.01785 238.6372 217.9693 315.21 273.4045
2822 69.11523 233.8946 225.9769 320.29 267.9709
2922 70.01951 228.8454 233.9846 324.48 262.1861
3022 70.72108 223.4898 241.9923 327.73 256.0503
3122 71.2103 217.8278 250 330 249.5633

kn kPe kMe
12.488 0.215789 0.872836

350
340
Pe [kW] Me [Nm]
330
320
310
300
290
280
270
260
250
240
230
220
210
200
190
180
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
 4.Calculul rezistentei la rulare Rr

Viteza maxima [km/h]

f0 0.013
f01 [h/km] -0.000028
Tipul pneului (radial/cord metalic)
f02 [h2/km] 1.8036E
f03 [h3/km]
Coeficientul pentru autoturisme λs
Indicatorul neregularitatilor drumului hd (starea caii foarte buna)
Coef. pentru relatia ce ev.numai viteza de deplasare fr,0 0.
Coef. pentru relatia ce ev.numai viteza de deplasare fr,1 0.0
Coef. pentru relatia ce ev.numai viteza de deplasare fr,4 0.0
Coeficientul f0 0.0
Coeficientul fs 0.0
Greutatea totala a autovehiculului Ga [kg] 2
Unghiul de inclinare longitudinala al drumului α 0.951056

Viteza fR1 fR2 fR3 fR4 fR5

0 0.013295 0.013295 0.008 0.0125 0.0133
10 0.013026 0.013595 0.00835 0.012527 0.0133
20 0.012794 0.014495 0.008701 0.012652 0.0134
30 0.012597 0.015995 0.009055 0.012919 0.0136
40 0.012437 0.018095 0.009415 0.01336 0.014
50 0.012313 0.020795 0.009788 0.014003 0.0144
60 0.012224 0.024095 0.010178 0.01487 0.0151
70 0.012172 0.027995 0.010594 0.015985 0.016
80 0.012156 0.032495 0.011046 0.017366 0.017
90 0.012176 0.037595 0.011544 0.019032 0.0183
100 0.012232 0.043295 0.0121 0.021 0.0198
 110 0.012324 0.049595 0.012728 0.023287 0.0215
120 0.012453 0.056495 0.013444 0.025908 0.0235
130 0.012617 0.063995 0.014264 0.028879 0.0258
140 0.012817 0.072095 0.015205 0.032212 0.0284
150 0.013054 0.080795 0.016288 0.035923 0.0312
160 0.013326 0.090095 0.017532 0.040024 0.0343
170 0.013635 0.099995 0.018961 0.044529 0.0378
180 0.013979 0.110495 0.020599 0.049449 0.0415
190 0.01436 0.121595 0.022469 0.054796 0.0456
200 0.014777 0.133295 0.0246 0.060583 0.0501

0.25
f
0.24
0.23
fR1 fR2 fR3 fR4 fR5
0.22
0.21
0.2
0.19
0.18
0.17
0.16
0.15
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.1
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.05
0.04
 Rezistenta la rulare in functie de greutatea autovehiculului

Greutatea totala a autovehiculului Ga [kg] 2

Unghiul de inclinare longitudinala al drumului α=18° si α=0° 0.951057
Pentru λ=18°
R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 Viteza
25.9461 25.9461 15.61254 24.3946 25.9461 0
25.4219 26.53157 16.29571 24.44706 25.98621 10
24.9681 28.28798 16.98051 24.69134 26.17302 20
24.58469 31.21533 17.67117 25.21232 26.57141 30
24.27168 35.31362 18.37472 26.07322 27.22975 40
24.02907 40.58286 19.10097 27.32703 28.18854 50
23.85686 47.02303 19.86259 29.02033 29.48342 60
23.75504 54.63415 20.67503 31.19521 31.14656 70
23.72362 63.4162 21.55655 33.89031 33.20752 80
23.7626 73.3692 22.52824 37.14163 35.69382 90
23.87197 84.49314 23.61397 40.98293 38.63129 100
24.05174 96.78801 24.84045 45.44616 42.04435 110
24.30191 110.2538 26.23719 50.56171 45.95624 120
24.62247 124.8906 27.8365 56.35859 50.38915 130
25.01343 140.6983 29.67351 62.86464 55.36437 140
25.47479 157.6769 31.78616 70.10666 60.90237 150
26.00655 175.8265 34.2152 78.11046 67.02293 160
26.6087 195.147 37.00419 86.90106 73.74515 170
 27.28125 215.6385 40.19949 96.50267 81.08756 180
28.0242 237.3009 43.85029 106.9388 89.06814 190

400
390
380
370
360
350
340
330
320
310
300
290
280
270
260
250
240
230
220 R1
210 R2
200
190 R3
180 R4
170
160 R5
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
 Pentru λ=0°
Viteza R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
0 27.28134 27.28134 16.416 25.65 27.281
10 26.73016 27.89694 17.13432 25.70516 27.324
20 26.25301 29.74374 17.85437 25.96201 27.52
30 25.84987 32.82174 18.58057 26.5098 27.939
40 25.52076 37.13094 19.32032 27.41501 28.631
50 25.26566 42.67134 20.08395 28.73334 29.639
60 25.08458 49.44294 20.88476 30.51379 31.001
70 24.97753 57.44574 21.73901 32.80058 32.749
80 24.94449 66.67974 22.6659 35.63438 34.916
90 24.98547 77.14494 23.68759 39.05302 37.531
100 25.10047 88.84134 24.8292 43.092 40.619
110 25.2895 101.7689 26.1188 47.78492 44.208
120 25.55254 115.9277 27.58742 53.16373 48.321
130 25.8896 131.3177 29.26903 59.25893 52.982
140 26.30068 147.9389 31.20058 66.0998 58.214
150 26.78578 165.7913 33.42195 73.7145 64.037
160 27.3449 184.8749 35.97599 82.1302 70.472
170 27.97804 205.1897 38.90851 91.37318 77.54
180 28.6852 226.7357 42.26825 101.4689 85.261
190 29.46638 249.5129 46.10692 112.4421 93.652
 420
410
400
390
380
370
360
350
340
330
320
310
300
290
280
270
260
250
240 R1
230
220 R2
210
200 R3
190
180 R4
170
160 R5
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

5.Calculul rezistentei aerului Ra ,Pa si a rezistentei la panta Rp

Aria sectiunii transversale maxime A [m2]

Coeficientul de rezistenta al aerului cx
Densitatea aerului ρ [kg/m3] 1.
Viteza de deplasare a autovehiculului [m/s] 3
Unghiul de inclinare longitudinala a caii de rulare α [°]

α [°] Rp
Viteza [km/h] Viteza [m/s] Ra Pa 0 0
 0 0 0 0 1 35.812
10 2.777778 2.552083 0.007089 2 71.614
20 5.555556 10.20833 0.056713 3 107.39
30 8.333333 22.96875 0.191406 4 143.14
40 11.11111 40.83333 0.453704 5 178.84
50 13.88889 63.80208 0.88614 6 214.49
60 16.66667 91.875 1.53125 7 250.08
70 19.44444 125.0521 2.431568 8 285.58
80 22.22222 163.3333 3.62963 9 321
90 25 206.7188 5.167969 10 356.33
100 27.77778 255.2083 7.08912 11 391.54
110 30.55556 308.8021 9.435619 12 426.63
120 33.33333 367.5 12.25 13 461.6
130 36.11111 431.3021 15.5748 14 496.42
140 38.88889 500.2083 19.45255 15 531.1
150 41.66667 574.2188 23.92578 16 565.61
160 44.44444 653.3333 29.03704 17 599.95
170 47.22222 737.5521 34.82885 18 634.1
180 50 826.875 41.34375 19 668.07
190 52.77778 921.3021 48.62428 20 701.83
200 55.55556 1020.833 56.71296 21 735.37
22 768.69
23 801.78
24 834.62
25 867.21
26 899.54
27 931.59
28 963.36
29 994.83
30 1026
31 1056.9
32 1087.4
33 1117.6
34 1147.5
35 1177

1800 Ra
1700
1600
1500
1400
1300
1200
 Pa
100

90

80

70

60

50
Pa
40

30

20

10

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
 Rp
1000

900

800

700

600

500 Rp

400

300

200

100

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
 6.Determinarea grafica a vitezei maxime

Pa+Pr1 Pa+Pr3 Pa+Pr5 Pr1 Pr2 Pr3 Pr4 Pr5

0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0.713253 0.459748 0.728928 0.706164 0.736988 0.4527 0.679085 0.7218
1.443829 1.000075 1.510769 1.387116 1.571554 0.9434 1.371741 1.4540
2.24013 1.664004 2.405691 2.048724 2.601277 1.4726 2.101027 2.2142
3.150557 2.495339 3.479231 2.696854 3.923736 2.0416 2.897024 3.0255
4.223511 3.539053 4.801215 3.337371 5.636508 2.6529 3.795421 3.9150
5.507393 4.841682 6.445154 3.976143 7.837172 3.3104 4.836722 4.9139
7.050604 6.451713 8.487844 4.619035 10.62331 4.0201 6.065735 6.0562
8.901545 8.419974 11.00908 5.271915 14.09249 4.7903 7.531181 7.3794
11.10862 10.80003 14.09142 5.940649 18.3423 5.6321 9.285406 8.9234
13.72022 13.64856 17.82003 6.631103 23.47032 6.5594 11.38415 10.730
16.78476 17.02576 22.2825 7.349143 29.57412 7.5901 13.88633 12.846
20.35064 20.99573 27.56875 8.100636 36.75128 8.7457 16.8539 15.318
24.46625 25.62687 33.77088 8.891448 45.09938 10.052 20.35171 18.196
29.17999 30.99225 40.98313 9.727447 54.716 11.54 24.44736 21.530
34.54028 37.17002 49.30177 10.6145 65.69872 13.244 29.21111 25.375
40.5955 44.24379 58.82501 11.55847 78.14512 15.207 34.71576 29.78
47.39407 52.30305 69.65295 12.56522 92.15277 17.474 41.03661 34.824
54.98437 61.44349 81.88753 13.64062 107.8193 20.1 48.25133 40.543
63.41482 71.76748 95.63246 14.79055 125.2421 23.143 56.43993 47.008

120

110
220
210
200
190
180
170
160
150
140
130
120
110 Pa+Pr3
100 Pr3
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
110

100

90

80

70

60

Pa+Pr5
50
Pr5
Pa+Pr5
40
Pr5

30

20

10

0
 Coordonatele punctului B pentru MAC 74

Punctul de intersectie se alfa la viteza de 135 de [km/h] 45.83333333

7.Determinarea raportului de transmitere al transmisiei principale

i0 2.458348
Ze
Zp
I0ef 2.458348
FRmax [N] 2464.527
φ
hg 0.8
Coef de incarcare dinamica in regim de demarare m1φ 0.904110
Gad 5613.857

8.Determinarea vitezelor minime si maxime in fiecare treapta

Icv1 2.219970
n1=nm 3
n2=nvmax 3
etajarea initiala q
Calcularea numarului de trepte kmin #DIV/0!
Rotunjirea numarului de trepte
Recalcularea ratiei de etajare 1.304514
Icv2 1.701759
Icv3 1.304514
Icv4
Icv5

n Vtr1 Vtr2 Vtr3 Vtr4 Vtr5

922 5.273003 6.878711 8.973381 11.70591 13.007
1022 5.844912 7.624775 9.946633 12.97553 14.417
1122 6.416821 8.370839 10.91988 14.24515 15.828
1222 6.98873 9.116903 11.89314 15.51477 17.239
1322 7.560639 9.862967 12.86639 16.7844 18.649
1422 8.132548 10.60903 13.83964 18.05402 20.06
1522 8.704458 11.3551 14.81289 19.32364 21.471
1622 9.276367 12.10116 15.78614 20.59326 22.881
1722 9.848276 12.84722 16.75939 21.86288 24.292
1822 10.42019 13.59329 17.73265 23.1325 25.703
1922 10.99209 14.33935 18.7059 24.40212 27.113
2022 11.564 15.08542 19.67915 25.67175 28.524
2122 12.13591 15.83148 20.6524 26.94137 29.935 i0ef 2.4583
2222 12.70782 16.57754 21.62565 28.21099 31.346 icv1 2.2199
2322 13.27973 17.32361 22.59891 29.48061 32.756 icv2 1.7017
2422 13.85164 18.06967 23.57216 30.75023 34.167 icv3 1.3045
2522 14.42355 18.81574 24.54541 32.01985 35.578 icv4
2622 14.99546 19.5618 25.51866 33.28947 36.988 icv5
2722 15.56737 20.30786 26.49191 34.5591 38.399 ntr 0.
2822 16.13928 21.05393 27.46516 35.82872 39.81 rr 0.29
2922 16.71119 21.79999 28.43842 37.09834 41.22
3022 17.2831 22.54606 29.41167 38.36796 42.631
3122 17.855 23.29212 30.38492 39.63758 44.042

80
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
2500
2600
2700
2800
2900
3000
3100
3200
 9.Caracteristica de tractiune a autovehiculelor

Forta de tractiune Fr1 4330.192

Forta de tractiune Fr2 3319.388
Forta de tractiune Fr3 2544.538
Forta de tractiune Fr4 1950.56
Forta de tractiune Fr5 1755.506
Momement motor efectiv Me 270.5790
Raza de rulare rr 0.29
Randamentul total al transmisiei autovehiculului 0.

Turatia Moment Treapta I-a Treapta a II-a Treapta a III-a

Va
n [rot/min] Me [Nm] [km/h] Fr1 [N] Va [km/h] Fr2 [N] Va [km/h] Fr3 [N]
800 271.5979 16.47098 4346.498 21.48665 3331.9 28.02965 2554.1
900 272.3718 18.52986 4358.882 24.17248 3341.4 31.53336 2561.3
1000 272.8392 20.58873 4366.362 26.85831 3347.1 35.03706 2565.
1100 273.0001 22.6476 4368.937 29.54414 3349.1 38.54077 2567.3
1200 272.8546 24.70648 4366.608 32.22997 3347.3 42.04447 2565.9
1300 272.4025 26.76535 4359.374 34.9158 3341.8 45.54818 2561.6
1400 271.644 28.82422 4347.236 37.60163 3332.5 49.05189 2554.5
1500 270.5791 30.8831 4330.192 40.28746 3319.4 52.55559 2544.5
1600 269.2076 32.94197 4308.245 42.97329 3302.6 56.0593 2531.6
1700 267.5297 35.00084 4281.392 45.65912 3282 59.56301 2515.8
1800 265.5453 37.05971 4249.635 48.34495 3257.6 63.06671 2497.2
1900 263.2545 39.11859 4212.974 51.03078 3229.5 66.57042 2475.6
2000 260.6571 41.17746 4171.407 53.71661 3197.7 70.07412 2451.2
2100 257.7533 43.23633 4124.937 56.40244 3162 73.57783 2423.9
2200 254.5431 45.29521 4073.561 59.08827 3122.7 77.08154 2393.7
2300 251.0263 47.35408 4017.281 61.7741 3079.5 80.58524 2360.6
2400 247.2031 49.41295 3956.096 64.45994 3032.6 84.08895 2324.7
2500 243.0734 51.47183 3890.007 67.14577 2982 87.59266 2285.8
2600 238.6372 53.5307 3819.013 69.8316 2927.5 91.09636 2244.1
2700 233.8946 55.58957 3743.114 72.51743 2869.4 94.60007 2199.5
2800 228.8454 57.64844 3662.311 75.20326 2807.4 98.10377 2152.0
2900 223.4898 59.70732 3576.603 77.88909 2741.7 101.6075 2101.7
3000 217.8278 61.76619 3485.991 80.57492 2672.3 105.1112 2048.

Turatia Moment Treapta IV-a

Va
n [rot/min] Me [Nm] [km/h] Fr4 [N]
 800 271.5979 36.5651 1957.908
900 272.3718 41.13573 1963.487
1000 272.8392 45.70637 1966.856
1100 273.0001 50.27701 1968.016
1200 272.8546 54.84765 1966.967
1300 272.4025 59.41828 1963.708
1400 271.644 63.98892 1958.24
1500 270.5791 68.55956 1950.563
1600 269.2076 73.13019 1940.677
1700 267.5297 77.70083 1928.581
1800 265.5453 82.27147 1914.276
1900 263.2545 86.84211 1897.761
2000 260.6571 91.41274 1879.037
2100 257.7533 95.98338 1858.104
2200 254.5431 100.554 1834.962
2300 251.0263 105.1247 1809.61
2400 247.2031 109.6953 1782.049
2500 243.0734 114.2659 1752.279
2600 238.6372 118.8366 1720.299
2700 233.8946 123.4072 1686.11
2800 228.8454 127.9778 1649.712
2900 223.4898 132.5485 1611.104
3000 217.8278 137.1191 1570.287
7000
6750
6500
6250
6000
5750
5500
5250
5000
4750
4500
4250
4000 Fr1 [N]
3750
3500 Fr2 [N]
3250
3000 Fr3 [N]
2750
2500 Fr4 [N]
2250
2000
1750
1500
1250
1000
750
500
250
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
 10.Caracteristica de putere a autovehiculelor

Treapta Treapta a Treapta a

Turatia Moment I-a II-a III-a
Va
n [rot/min] Me [Nm] [km/h] Pr1 [N] Va [km/h] Pr2 [N] Va [km/h] Pr3 [N]
800 271.5979 16.47098 19.88641 21.48665 19.886 28.02965 19.886
900 272.3718 18.52986 22.43596 24.17248 22.436 31.53336 22.435
1000 272.8392 20.58873 24.97163 26.85831 24.972 35.03706 24.971
1100 273.0001 22.6476 27.48499 29.54414 27.485 38.54077 27.484
1200 272.8546 24.70648 29.96764 32.22997 29.968 42.04447 29.967
1300 272.4025 26.76535 32.41116 34.9158 32.411 45.54818 32.411
1400 271.644 28.82422 34.80714 37.60163 34.807 49.05189 34.807
1500 270.5791 30.8831 37.14715 40.28746 37.147 52.55559 37.147
1600 269.2076 32.94197 39.42279 42.97329 39.423 56.0593 39.422
1700 267.5297 35.00084 41.62565 45.65912 41.626 59.56301 41.625
1800 265.5453 37.05971 43.7473 48.34495 43.747 63.06671 43.747
1900 263.2545 39.11859 45.77933 51.03078 45.779 66.57042 45.779
2000 260.6571 41.17746 47.71332 53.71661 47.713 70.07412 47.713
2100 257.7533 43.23633 49.54087 56.40244 49.541 73.57783 49.54
2200 254.5431 45.29521 51.25355 59.08827 51.254 77.08154 51.253
2300 251.0263 47.35408 52.84296 61.7741 52.843 80.58524 52.842
2400 247.2031 49.41295 54.30067 64.45994 54.301 84.08895 54.300
2500 243.0734 51.47183 55.61827 67.14577 55.618 87.59266 55.618
2600 238.6372 53.5307 56.78734 69.8316 56.787 91.09636 56.787
2700 233.8946 55.58957 57.79948 72.51743 57.799 94.60007 57.799
2800 228.8454 57.64844 58.64626 75.20326 58.646 98.10377 58.646
2900 223.4898 59.70732 59.31928 77.88909 59.319 101.6075 59.319
3000 217.8278 61.76619 59.81011 80.57492 59.81 105.1112 59.810

Turatia Moment Treapta IV-a

Va
n [rot/min] Me [Nm] [km/h] Pr4 [N]
 800 271.5979 36.5651 19.88641
900 272.3718 41.13573 22.43596
1000 272.8392 45.70637 24.97163
1100 273.0001 50.27701 27.48499
1200 272.8546 54.84765 29.96764
1300 272.4025 59.41828 32.41116
1400 271.644 63.98892 34.80714
1500 270.5791 68.55956 37.14715
1600 269.2076 73.13019 39.42279
1700 267.5297 77.70083 41.62565
1800 265.5453 82.27147 43.7473
1900 263.2545 86.84211 45.77933
2000 260.6571 91.41274 47.71332
2100 257.7533 95.98338 49.54087
2200 254.5431 100.554 51.25355
2300 251.0263 105.1247 52.84296
2400 247.2031 109.6953 54.30067
2500 243.0734 114.2659 55.61827
2600 238.6372 118.8366 56.78734
2700 233.8946 123.4072 57.79948
2800 228.8454 127.9778 58.64626
2900 223.4898 132.5485 59.31928
3000 217.8278 137.1191 59.81011

80
75
70
65
60
55
50
45 Pr1 [N]
40 Pr2 [N]
35
Pr3 [N]
30
25 Pr4 [N]
20
15
10
5
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
 11.Bilantul de tractiune al autovehiculelor

V [km/h] Rr [N] Ra [N] Ra+Rr [N]

0 362.3422 0 362.3422
10 362.3422 2.552083 364.8942
20 362.3422 10.20833 372.5505
30 362.3422 22.96875 385.3109
40 362.3422 40.83333 403.1755
50 362.3422 63.80208 426.1442
60 362.3422 91.875 454.2172
70 362.3422 125.0521 487.3942
80 362.3422 163.3333 525.6755
90 362.3422 206.7188 569.0609
100 362.3422 255.2083 617.5505
110 362.3422 308.8021 671.1442
120 362.3422 367.5 729.8422
130 362.3422 431.3021 793.6442
140 362.3422 500.2083 862.5505
150 362.3422 574.2188 936.5609
160 362.3422 653.3333 1015.675
170 362.3422 737.5521 1099.894
2000

1900

1800

1700

1600

1500

1400

1300

1200

1100
Rr [N]
1000
Fr4 [N]
900 Ra+Rr [N]

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0
 Caracteristica de tractiune si bilantul de tractiune al
autovehiculului pentru α=5 [°]

Rp+Rr
V [km/h] Rr [N] [N] Ra+Rr+Rp[N]
0 362.3422 2116.798 2116.798
10 362.3422 2116.798 2119.35
20 362.3422 2116.798 2127.006
30 362.3422 2116.798 2139.766
40 362.3422 2116.798 2157.631
50 362.3422 2116.798 2180.6
60 362.3422 2116.798 2208.673
70 362.3422 2116.798 2241.85
80 362.3422 2116.798 2280.131
90 362.3422 2116.798 2323.516
100 362.3422 2116.798 2372.006
110 362.3422 2116.798 2425.6
120 362.3422 2116.798 2484.298
130 362.3422 2116.798 2548.1
140 362.3422 2116.798 2617.006
150 362.3422 2116.798 2691.016
160 362.3422 2116.798 2770.131
170 362.3422 2116.798 2854.35

3500
3400
3300
3200
3100
3000
2900
2800
2700
2600
2500
2400
2300
2200
2100
2000 Rp+Rr [N]
1900
1800 Ra+Rr+Rp[N]
1700
1600
1500 Fr3 [N]
1400
1300
1200 Rr [N]
1100
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
 Caracteristica de tractiune si bilantul de tractiune al autovehiculului pentru α=10 [°]

Rp+Rr
V [km/h] Rr [N] [N] Ra+Rr+Rp[N]
0 362.3422 3857.901 3857.901
10 362.3422 3857.901 3860.453
20 362.3422 3857.901 3868.109
30 362.3422 3857.901 3880.87
40 362.3422 3857.901 3898.734
50 362.3422 3857.901 3921.703
60 362.3422 3857.901 3949.776
70 362.3422 3857.901 3982.953
80 362.3422 3857.901 4021.234
90 362.3422 3857.901 4064.62
100 362.3422 3857.901 4113.109
110 362.3422 3857.901 4166.703
120 362.3422 3857.901 4225.401
130 362.3422 3857.901 4289.203
140 362.3422 3857.901 4358.109
150 362.3422 3857.901 4432.12
160 362.3422 3857.901 4511.234
170 362.3422 3857.901 4595.453

5000
4800
4600
4400
4200
4000
3800
3600
3400
3200
3000
2800 Rr [N]
2600
2400 Rp+Rr [N]
2200 Ra+Rr+Rp[N]
2000
1800 Fr2 [N]
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
 Caracteristica de tractiune si bilantul de tractiune al autovehiculului pentru α=18 [°]

Rp+Rr
V [km/h] Rr [N] [N] Ra+Rr+Rp[N]
0 362.3422 6582.891 6582.891
10 362.3422 6582.891 6585.443
20 362.3422 6582.891 6593.1
30 362.3422 6582.891 6605.86
40 362.3422 6582.891 6623.725
50 362.3422 6582.891 6646.693
60 362.3422 6582.891 6674.766
70 362.3422 6582.891 6707.943
80 362.3422 6582.891 6746.225
90 362.3422 6582.891 6789.61
100 362.3422 6582.891 6838.1
110 362.3422 6582.891 6891.693
120 362.3422 6582.891 6950.391
130 362.3422 6582.891 7014.193
140 362.3422 6582.891 7083.1
150 362.3422 6582.891 7157.11
160 362.3422 6582.891 7236.225
170 362.3422 6582.891 7320.443

8000
7500
7000
6500
6000
5500
5000
4500 Rr [N]
4000 Rp+Rr [N]
3500 Ra+Rr+Rp[N]
3000 Fr1 [N]
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
12.Bilantul de putere al autovehiculului
Caracteristica de putere a autovehiculului pentru α=5 [°]
Va [km/h] Pr Pp+Pr Pa+Pr+Pp
0 0 0 0
10 1.006506 5.879994 5.887083
20 2.013012 11.75999 11.8167
30 3.019518 17.63998 17.83139
40 4.026024 23.51997 23.97368
50 5.03253 29.39997 30.28611
60 6.039036 35.27996 36.81121
70 7.045542 41.15996 43.59152
80 8.052048 47.03995 50.66958
90 9.058554 52.91994 58.08791
100 10.06506 58.79994 65.88906
110 11.07157 64.67993 74.11555
120 12.07807 70.55992 82.80992
130 13.08458 76.43992 92.01472
140 14.09108 82.31991 101.7725
150 15.09759 88.19991 112.1257
160 16.1041 94.0799 123.1169
170 17.1106 99.95989 134.7887

350
340
330
320
310
300
290
280
270
260
250
240
230
220
210
200
190 Pr
180
170 Pp+Pr
160
150 Pa+Pr+Pp
140
130 Pr3 [N]
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Caracteristica de putere a autovehiculului pentru α=10 [°]
Va [km/h] Pr Pp+Pr Pa+Pr+Pp
0 0 0 0
10 1.006506 10.71639 10.72348
20 2.013012 21.43278 21.4895
30 3.019518 32.14917 32.34058
40 4.026024 42.86556 43.31927
50 5.03253 53.58196 54.4681
60 6.039036 64.29835 65.8296
70 7.045542 75.01474 77.44631
80 8.052048 85.73113 89.36076
90 9.058554 96.44752 101.6155
100 10.06506 107.1639 114.253
110 11.07157 117.8803 127.3159
120 12.07807 128.5967 140.8467
130 13.08458 139.3131 154.8879
140 14.09108 150.0295 169.482
150 15.09759 160.7459 184.6716
160 16.1041 171.4623 200.4993
170 17.1106 182.1786 217.0075
230
220
210
200
190
180
170
160
150
140
Pr
130
120 Pp+Pr
110 Pa+Pr+Pp
100
90 Pa+Pr+Pp
80 Pr2 [N]
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Caracteristica de putere a autovehiculului pentru α=18 [°]

Va [km/h] Pr Pp+Pr Pa+Pr+Pp

0 0 0 0
10 1.006506 18.28581 18.2929
20 2.013012 36.57162 36.62833
30 3.019518 54.85743 55.04883
40 4.026024 73.14324 73.59694
50 5.03253 91.42905 92.31519
60 6.039036 109.7149 111.2461
70 7.045542 128.0007 130.4322
80 8.052048 146.2865 149.9161
90 9.058554 164.5723 169.7403
100 10.06506 182.8581 189.9472
110 11.07157 201.1439 210.5795
120 12.07807 219.4297 231.6797
130 13.08458 237.7155 253.2903
140 14.09108 256.0013 275.4539
150 15.09759 274.2871 298.2129
160 16.1041 292.5729 321.61
170 17.1106 310.8588 345.6876

350
340
330
320
310
300
290
280
270
260
250
240
230
220
210
200
190 Pr
180
170 Pp+Pr
160
150 Pa+Pr+Pp
140
130 Pr1 [N]
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
 13.Caracteristica dinamica a autovehiculelor

Treapta I Treapta II

Va[km/h] FR [N] Ra [N] D Va [Km/h] FR [N] Ra [N] D

16.47098 4346.498 6.923632 0.215576 21.48665 3331.9 11.78235 0.1649322

18.52986 4358.882 8.762721 0.2161 24.17248 3341.4 14.91204 0.1652484

20.58873 4366.362 10.81817 0.216369 26.85831 3347.1 18.40993 0.1653594

22.6476 4368.937 13.08999 0.216385 29.54414 3349.1 22.27601 0.1652655

24.70648 4366.608 15.57817 0.216145 32.22997 3347.3 26.5103 0.1649664

26.76535 4359.374 18.28271 0.215652 34.9158 3341.8 31.11278 0.1644623

28.82422 4347.236 21.20362 0.214903 37.60163 3332.5 36.08346 0.1637531

30.8831 4330.192 24.34089 0.213901 40.28746 3319.4 41.42234 0.1628389

32.94197 4308.245 27.69453 0.212644 42.97329 3302.6 47.12942 0.1617196

35.00084 4281.392 31.26452 0.211133 45.65912 3282 53.20469 0.1603952

37.05971 4249.635 35.05089 0.209367 48.34495 3257.6 59.64817 0.1588658

39.11859 4212.974 39.05361 0.207347 51.03078 3229.5 66.45984 0.1571313

41.17746 4171.407 43.2727 0.205073 53.71661 3197.7 73.63971 0.1551918

43.23633 4124.937 47.70815 0.202544 56.40244 3162 81.18778 0.1530472

45.29521 4073.561 52.35996 0.19976 59.08827 3122.7 89.10405 0.1506975

47.35408 4017.281 57.22814 0.196723 61.7741 3079.5 97.38852 0.1481428

49.41295 3956.096 62.31268 0.193431 64.45994 3032.6 106.0412 0.145383

51.47183 3890.007 67.61359 0.189884 67.14577 2982 115.0621 0.1424182

Treapta III Treapta IV

Va[km/h] FR [N] Ra [N] D Va [Km/h] FR [N] Ra [N]
28.02965 2554.12 20.05073 0.125884 36.5651 1957.9 34.12152 D
31.53336 2561.398 25.37671 0.125981 41.13573 1963.5 43.18504 0.1649322
35.03706 2565.793 31.32927 0.125904 45.70637 1966.9 53.31487 0.1652484
38.54077 2567.306 37.90841 0.125652 50.27701 1968 64.51099 0.1653594
42.04447 2565.938 45.11414 0.125226 54.84765 1967 76.77341 0.1652655
45.54818 2561.687 52.94646 0.124626 59.41828 1963.7 90.10213 0.1649664
49.05189 2554.554 61.40536 0.123852 63.98892 1958.2 104.4971 0.1644623
52.55559 2544.539 70.49085 0.122903 68.55956 1950.6 119.9585 0.1637531
56.0593 2531.642 80.20292 0.12178 73.13019 1940.7 136.4861 0.1628389
59.56301 2515.863 90.54158 0.120482 77.70083 1928.6 154.08 0.1617196
63.06671 2497.201 101.5068 0.11901 82.27147 1914.3 172.7402 0.1603952
66.57042 2475.658 113.0986 0.117364 86.84211 1897.8 192.4667 0.1588658
70.07412 2451.232 125.3171 0.115544 91.41274 1879 213.2595 0.1571313
73.57783 2423.925 138.1621 0.113549 95.98338 1858.1 235.1186 0.1551918
77.08154 2393.735 151.6336 0.11138 100.554 1835 258.044 0.1530472
80.58524 2360.664 165.7318 0.109037 105.1247 1809.6 282.0357 0.1506975
84.08895 2324.71 180.4566 0.10652 109.6953 1782 307.0936 0.1481428
87.59266 2285.874 195.8079 0.103828 114.2659 1752.3 333.2179 0.145383
91.09636 2244.156 211.7858 0.100962 118.8366 1720.3 360.4085 0.1424182

94.60007
98.10377 2152.074 245.6214 0.094706 127.9778 1649.7 417.9886

101.6075 2101.709
105.1112 2048.463 281.9634 0.087754 137.1191 1570.3 479.8338 0.0955676
0.0953

0.0950
0.09
0.0938
0.0930
0.092
0.0909
0.0896
0.0881
0.0865
0.0847
0.0827
0.0806
0.0783
0.075
0.0732
0.0704
0.067
0.0644529
 0.0577605
0.0541

0.5

0.4

0.3 D treapta I
D treapta a II-a
Caracteristica de
0.2 D treapta a III-a
propulsie a
drumului D treapta a IV-a
0.1
Coeficientul de
Va [hm/h] aderenta
0
ϕ ϕ ϕ ϕ ϕ ϕ
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.6
0 0.051 0.102 0.153 0.1785 0.204 0.306
10 0.050873 0.101873 0.152873 0.178373 0.2039 0.305873
20 0.050493 0.101493 0.152493 0.177993 0.2035 0.305493
30 0.049859 0.100859 0.151859 0.177359 0.2029 0.304859
40 0.048972 0.099972 0.150972 0.176472 0.202 0.303972
50 0.047831 0.098831 0.149831 0.175331 0.2008 0.302831
60 0.046436 0.097436 0.148436 0.173936 0.1994 0.301436
70 0.044788 0.095788 0.146788 0.172288 0.1978 0.299788
80 0.042886 0.093886 0.144886 0.170386 0.1959 0.297886
90 0.040731 0.091731 0.142731 0.168231 0.1937 0.295731
100 0.038322 0.089322 0.140322 0.165822 0.1913 0.293322
110 0.03566 0.08666 0.13766 0.16316 0.1887 0.29066
120 0.032744 0.083744 0.134744 0.160244 0.1857 0.287744
130 0.029574 0.080574 0.131574 0.157074 0.1826 0.284574
140 0.026151 0.077151 0.128151 0.153651 0.1792 0.281151
150 0.022475 0.073475 0.124475 0.149975 0.1755 0.277475
160 0.018544 0.069544 0.120544 0.146044 0.1715 0.273544
170 0.014361 0.065361 0.116361 0.141861 0.1674 0.269361

0.5

0.4 D treapta I
D treapta a II-a
D treapta a III-a
0.3 D treapta a IV-a
ϕ=0.1
ϕ=0.2
150
160

150
160

14.Determinarea vitezei maxime

Sosea din beton in stare buna

Coeficientul rezistentei la rulare "f"
0.018

Viteza maxima

α=0 [°]
Treapta a IV-a
DIV
0.018 146 0.070311 102 0.105087 60 0.191375

Rezistenta
maxima a
drumului

Viteza autovehicul
Va [hm/h]
Coef. rezist. totale
ψ
Viteza maxima 30 60 90 120 150
α=0 [°] 0.37 0.22 0.12 0.07 0.05
Viteza autovehicul
Va [hm/h] 30 60 90 120 150
Panta maxima p
[%] 0.352 0.202 0.102 0.052 0.032
Unghiul de
inclinare α [°] 20.60969 11.65394 5.8544 2.980725 1.833778
Diagrama
acceleratiilor
autovehiculelor

Momentul de
inertie al 0.04
mecanismului
motor, inclusiv
volantul Jm
[kg*m2]
Momentul de
inertie al unei roti
a autovehiculului
JR 0.4
Numarul de roti
ale
autovehiculului n 4
Randamentul
mecanic global al
transmisiei
autovehiculului ηtr 0.874
Randamentul
total de
transmitere al
transmisiei
autovehiculului itr 5.4574615
Raportul de
transmitere al
transmisiei
principale i0 2.4583488
Raportul de
transmitere
corespunzator
treptei selectate
icvI 2.2199704
Raza de rulare a
rotilor motoare rr 0.29805
Masa
automobilului ma 2052
ξ 0.0087774
Coeficientul de
influenta al
maselor in
miscare de rotatie
δ1 1.0144895
λ1 0.0057121
 Treapta a I-a Treapta a II-a
Va [km/h] D a [m/s2] 1/a [s2/m] Va [km/h] D a [m/s2]
16.47098 0.215576 1.910539 0.523412 21.48665 0.1649 1.420818
18.52986 0.2161 1.915605 0.522028 24.17248 0.1652 1.423875
20.58873 0.216369 1.918211 0.521319 26.85831 0.1654 1.424949
22.6476 0.216385 1.918357 0.52128 29.54414 0.1653 1.424041
24.70648 0.216145 1.916042 0.521909 32.22997 0.165 1.421149
26.76535 0.215652 1.911268 0.523213 34.9158 0.1645 1.416274
28.82422 0.214903 1.904034 0.525201 37.60163 0.1638 1.409417
30.8831 0.213901 1.89434 0.527888 40.28746 0.1628 1.400576
32.94197 0.212644 1.882186 0.531297 42.97329 0.1617 1.389753
35.00084 0.211133 1.867572 0.535455 45.65912 0.1604 1.376946
37.05971 0.209367 1.850498 0.540395 48.34495 0.1589 1.362157
39.11859 0.207347 1.830964 0.54616 51.03078 0.1571 1.345385
41.17746 0.205073 1.808971 0.552801 53.71661 0.1552 1.326629
43.23633 0.202544 1.784517 0.560376 56.40244 0.153 1.305891
45.29521 0.19976 1.757603 0.568957 59.08827 0.1507 1.28317
47.35408 0.196723 1.728229 0.578627 61.7741 0.1481 1.258466
49.41295 0.193431 1.696395 0.589485 64.45994 0.1454 1.231779
51.47183 0.189884 1.662102 0.601648 67.14577 0.1424 1.20311

Treapta a III-a Treapta a IV-a

Va [km/h] D a [m/s2] 1/a [s2/m] Va [km/h] D a [m/s2]
28.02965 0.125884 1.043231 0.958561 36.5651 0.0956 0.75007 1/a [s2/m]
31.53336 0.125981 1.044168 0.9577 41.13573 0.0954 0.748396 0.7038198
35.03706 0.125904 1.04342 0.958387 45.70637 0.0951 0.745148 0.7023087
38.54077 0.125652 1.040987 0.960627 50.27701 0.0946 0.740327 0.7017793
42.04447 0.125226 1.036868 0.964443 54.84765 0.0939 0.733933 0.7022272

45.54818

49.05189
52.55559 0.122903 1.014398 0.985806 68.55956 0.0909 0.705308 0.7095135

56.0593
59.56301 0.120482 0.990991 1.009091 77.70083
63.06671 0.11901 0.97676 1.023793 82.27147 0.0865 0.662522 0.7262448

66.57042

70.07412 0.115544 0.94324 1.060176

 73.57783 0.113549 0.923952 1.082307
77.08154 0.11138 0.902978 1.107446 100.554 0.0783 0.583445 0.7657605
80.58524 0.109037 0.880319 1.135951 105.1247 0.0759 0.559742 0.7793198
84.08895 0.10652 0.855975 1.168258 109.6953 0.0733 0.534465 0.794618

87.59266
91.09636 0.100962 0.80223 1.246526 118.8366 0.0676 0.479191 0.8311794
94.60007 0.097921 0.772829 1.293947 123.4072 0.0645
98.10377 0.094706 0.741743 1.348176 127.9778 0.0612
101.6075 0.091317 0.708971 1.410495 132.5485 0.0578
105.1112 0.087754 0.674514 1.482549 137.1191 0.0542

Diagrama variatiei acceleratiei

2.5

Acceleratia in
treapta I

Acceleratia in
treapta a II a
2

Acceleratia in
treapta a III a

Acceleratia in
treapta a IV a
1.5

1
 3

Incersul acceleratiei
in treapta I

2.5 Inversul acceleratiei

in treapta a II-a

Inversul acceleratiei
in treapta a III-a

2
Inversul acceleratiei
in treapta a IV-a

1.5

1
15.Timpul si spatiul de demarare al autovehiculelor

Timpul de demarare pentru drum (orizontal/inclinat) din asfalt in stare (uscata/umeda)

Va i/ai i/ai+1 dv ΔTi td

[km/h] [m2/s] [m2/s] [km/h] [s] [s]
16.47098 0.523412 0.522028 2.058873 0.2989 0.298949
18.52986 0.522028 0.521319 2.058873 0.2983 0.597299
20.58873 0.521319 0.52128 2.058873 0.2981 0.596486
22.6476 0.52128 0.521909 2.058873 0.2983 0.59644
24.70648 0.521909 0.523213 2.058873 0.2989 0.597162
26.76535 0.523213 0.525201 2.058873 0.2998 0.598656
28.82422 0.525201 0.527888 2.058873 0.3011 0.600934
30.8831 0.527888 0.531297 2.058873 0.3029 0.604015
32.94197 0.531297 0.535455 2.058873 0.305 0.607921
35.00084 0.535455 0.540395 2.058873 0.3076 0.612687
37.05971 0.540395 0.54616 2.058873 0.3107 0.61835
39.11859 0.54616 0.552801 2.058873 0.3143 0.624958
41.17746 0.552801 0.560376 2.058873 0.3183 0.632571
43.23633 0.560376 0.568957 2.058873 0.3229 0.641256
45.29521 0.568957 0.578627 2.058873 0.3282 0.651095
47.35408 0.578627 0.589485 2.058873 0.334 0.662184
49.41295 0.589485 0.601648 2.058873 0.3406 0.674637
51.47183 0.601648 0.726245 -5.8127 -1.072 -0.73142
45.65912 0.726245 0.73413 2.685831 0.5448 -0.52727
48.34495 0.73413 0.743282 2.685831 0.5511 1.095888
51.03078 0.743282 0.75379 2.685831 0.5585 1.109578
53.71661 0.75379 0.765761 2.685831 0.5668 1.125297
56.40244 0.765761 0.77932 2.685831 0.5764 1.143205
59.08827 0.77932 0.794618 2.685831 0.5871 1.163494
61.7741 0.794618 0.811834 2.685831 0.5993 1.186387
64.45994 0.811834 0.831179 2.685831 0.6129 1.212154
67.14577 0.831179 1.009091 -7.58276 -1.938 -1.3252
59.56301 1.009091 1.023793 3.503706 0.9893 -0.94885
63.06671 1.023793 1.040753 3.503706 1.0047 1.993916
66.57042 1.040753 1.060176 3.503706 1.0224 2.027028
70.07412 1.060176 1.082307 3.503706 1.0426 2.064954
73.57783 1.082307 1.107446 3.503706 1.0656 2.108178
77.08154 1.107446 1.135951 3.503706 1.0917 2.157286
80.58524 1.135951 1.168258 3.503706 1.1213 2.212983
84.08895 1.168258 1.204899 3.503706 1.1548 2.276128
87.59266 1.204899 1.246526 3.503706 1.1929 2.347766
91.09636 1.246526 1.293947 3.503706 1.2363 2.429186
94.60007 1.293947 1.348176 3.503706 1.2857 2.521985
98.10377 1.348176 1.410495 3.503706 1.3424 2.628166
101.6075 1.410495 1.482549 3.503706 1.4078 2.750271
105.1112 1.482549 1.597112 -13.6984 -5.859 -4.45141
91.41274 1.597112 1.651325 4.570637 2.0621 -3.7971
95.98338 1.651325 1.713958 4.570637 2.1363 4.19846
100.554 1.713958 1.786538 4.570637 2.2222 4.358471
105.1247 1.786538 1.87103 4.570637 2.3219 4.544016
109.6953 1.87103 1.969997 4.570637 2.4383 4.760188
114.2659 1.969997 2.086849 4.570637 2.5753 5.013654
118.8366 2.086849 2.226208 4.570637 2.738 5.313303
123.4072 2.226208 2.3945 4.570637 2.9333 5.671249
127.9778 2.3945 2.600917 4.570637 3.1711 6.104419
132.5485 2.600917 2.859086 4.570637 3.4661 6.637213
137.1191 2.859086

[km/h]
6

0 [km/h]
0 50 100 150
-2

-4

-6
 140

120

100

80

60 Series1

40

20
t [s] vi [km/h] vi+1 dt [s] Δ Si Sd
0.298949 16.47098 0 18.52986 0.29835 1.4503 1.450347
-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6
0.597299 18.52986 20.58873 -0.00081 -0.004 1.445932
0.596486 20.58873 22.6476 -4.5E-05 -3E-04 -0.00469

0.597162 24.70648 26.76535 0.001494 0.0107 0.015426

0.600934 28.82422 30.8831 0.00308 0.0255 0.043133

0.604015 30.8831 32.94197 0.003907 0.0346 0.060177
0.607921 32.94197 35.00084 0.004765 0.045 0.0796
0.612687 35.00084 37.05971 0.005663 0.0567 0.101644
0.61835 37.05971 39.11859 0.006609 0.0699 0.1266
0.624958 39.11859 41.17746 0.007612 0.0849 0.154819
0.632571 41.17746 43.23633 0.008685 0.1018 0.186719
0.641256 43.23633 45.29521 0.009839 0.121 0.222803
0.651095 45.29521 47.35408 0.011089 0.1427 0.263675
0.662184 47.35408 49.41295 0.012453 0.1674 0.310064
0.674637 49.41295 51.47183 -1.40606 -19.7 -19.534
-0.73142 51.47183 45.65912 0.204157 2.7542 -16.9473
-0.52727 45.65912 48.34495 1.623156 21.192 23.94628
1.095888 48.34495 51.03078 0.013689 0.1889 21.38107
1.109578 51.03078 53.71661 0.015719 0.2287 0.417627
1.125297 53.71661 56.40244 0.017909 0.2739 0.502586
1.143205 56.40244 59.08827 0.020288 0.3254 0.599331
1.163494 59.08827 61.7741 0.022893 0.3843 0.70973
1.186387 61.7741 64.45994 0.025767 0.4518 0.836065
1.212154 64.45994 67.14577 -2.53736 -46.38 -45.9275
 -1.3252 67.14577 59.56301 0.376357 6.6233 -39.756
-0.94885 59.56301 63.06671 2.942763 50.121 56.74416
1.993916 63.06671 66.57042 0.033112 0.5962 50.71705
2.027028 66.57042 70.07412 0.037926 0.7198 1.315968
2.064954 70.07412 73.57783 0.043224 0.8624 1.582172
2.108178 73.57783 77.08154 0.049108 1.0276 1.88997
2.157286 77.08154 80.58524 0.055697 1.2197 2.24724
2.212983 80.58524 84.08895 0.063144 1.4442 2.663871
2.276128 84.08895 87.59266 0.071639 1.7082 3.152401
2.347766 87.59266 91.09636 0.08142 2.0207 3.728874
2.429186 91.09636 94.60007 0.092799 2.3934 4.414074
2.521985 94.60007 98.10377 0.106181 2.8419 5.235267
2.628166 98.10377 101.6075 0.122104 3.3869 6.228761
2.750271 101.6075 105.1112 -7.20169 -206.8 -203.38
-4.45141 105.1112 91.41274 0.654312 17.859 -188.908
-3.7971 91.41274 95.98338 7.995562 208.1 225.9619
4.19846 95.98338 100.554 0.160011 4.3678 212.4702
4.358471 100.554 105.1247 0.185545 5.3004 9.668162
4.544016 105.1247 109.6953 0.216172 6.4497 11.7501
4.760188 109.6953 114.2659 0.253466 7.8842 14.33395
5.013654 114.2659 118.8366 0.29965 9.7013 17.58549
5.313303 118.8366 123.4072 0.357946 12.043 21.74433
5.671249 123.4072 127.9778 0.43317 15.124 27.16702
6.104419 127.9778 132.5485 0.532794 19.279 34.40269
6.637213 132.5485

16.Parametrii capacitatii de franare ai autovehiculului

Coeficientul de influenta al maselor in miscare de rotatie δ1 1.006583

ξ 0.006583
Momentul de inertie al unei roti a autovehiculului JR 0.3
Acceleratia gravitationala g 9.81
Unghiul de inclinare al drumului α 0.0872665
Coeficientul de rezistenta la rulare f 0.013071
Coeficientul de rezistenta aerodinamica frontala k 0.27
Greutatea totala a autovehiculului Ga [kg] 2052
 Unghiul de inclinare al drumului:drum orizontal α1=0 [°]
Va (dv/dt)max tfmin
Modul de franare Starea caii de rulare [km/h] [m/s2] [s]
60 2.3982617
beton uscat ϕ= 0.7 100 6.82209 3.9628307
168 6.5570251
Cu toate rotile pana la 60 4.710183
beton umed
limita de aderenta, 0.35 100 3.411045 7.720029
ϕ=
fara blocare 168 12.602054
60 10.487032
polei ϕ= 0.15 100 1.461876 16.855025
168 26.705695
60 3.0538051
beton uscat μ= 0.56 100 5.457672 4.9207216
168 8.113295
60 6.1076102
Cu toate rotile blocate beton umed μ= 0.28 100 2.728836 9.5268079
168 15.454859
60 14.251091
polei μ= 0.12 100 1.169501 20.495673
168 32.124591

Unghiul de inclinare al drumului:drum orizontal α2=5 [°]

Va (dv/dt)max tfmin
Modul de franare Starea caii de rulare [km/h] [m/s2] [s]
Cu toate rotile pana la 60 2.4430441
beton uscat ϕ=
limita de aderenta, 0.7 100 7.672575 3.534019
 fara blocare 168 6.2439056
60 4.8860882
beton umed
0.35 100 4.26153 11.115063
ϕ=
168 17.935498
60 11.400872
polei ϕ= 0.15 100 2.312362 4.2763897
168 7.0676361
60 3.0538051
beton uscat μ= 0.56 100 6.308157 4.2763897
168 7.0676361
60 6.1076102
Cu toate rotile blocate beton umed μ= 0.28 100 3.579321 7.3750435
168 12.053472
60 14.251091
polei μ= 0.12 100 2.019986 12.588583
168 20.215237

Unghiul de inclinare al drumului:drum Unghiul de inclinare al drumului:drum

orizontal α1=0 [°] orizontal α2=5 [°]
Ff 14354.2 Ff 16110.89
Ff 7308.663 Ff 9065.347
Ff 3282.639 Ff 5039.323
Ff 11535.99 Ff 13292.67
Ff 5899.554 Ff 7656.239
Ff 2678.735 Ff 4435.42

Spatiul minim de franare [m]

Felul suprafetei de rulare Coeficientul de aderenta/frecare

ϕ= 0.7
Drum de beton cu suprafata uscata
μ= (pentru toate rotile franate) 0.56
ϕ= 0.35
Drum de beton cu suprafata umeda
μ= (pentru toate rotile franate) 0.28
Drum de beton cu suprafata acoperita cu ϕ= 0.15
polei μ= (pentru toate rotile franate) 0.12

Rotile franate Viteza initiala Vai [km/h]

 10 60 80 100 120 168
toate rotile ϕ=0,7 0.393545 14.16763 25.1869 53.611 76.77798 147.96345
ale puntii fata
ϕ=0,7 0.944469 34.0009 60.44604 94.447 136.0036 266.56704
ale puntii spate
ϕ=0,7 1.251971 45.07096 80.12615 125.2 180.2838 353.3563
toate rotile μ
=0,56 0.393761 14.17539 25.2007 66.505 95.12048 182.59708
toate rotile
ϕ=0,35 0.394085 14.18705 25.22142 104.04 148.255 281.4647
ale puntii fata
ϕ=0,35 2.04269 73.53682 130.7321 125.2 180.2838 353.3563
ale puntii spate
ϕ=0,35 2.350191 84.60688 150.4122 235.02 338.4275 663.31797
toate rotile μ
=0,28 0.394193 14.19094 25.22833 128.16 182.1864 343.51565
toate rotile
ϕ=0,15 0.394393 14.19816 25.24118 225.06 317.0048 582.42921
ale puntii fata
ϕ=0,15 4.971277 178.966 318.1617 497.13 715.8639 1403.0932
ale puntii spate
ϕ=0,15 5.278778 190.036 337.8418 527.88 760.1441 1489.8824
toate rotile μ
=0,12 0.39444 14.19983 25.24415 272.67 382.3802 694.28107
 Spatiul de franare pentru toate rotile
600 Spatiul de
franare pentru
550
ϕ=0.7
500 Spatiul de
450 franare pentru
μ=0.56
400
Spatiul de
350 franare pentru
ϕ=0.35
300
Spatiul de
250 franare pentru
200 μ=0.28
Spatiul de
150
franare pentru
100 ϕ=0.15
50 Spatiul de
franare pentru
0 μ=0.12
 Spatiul de franare pentru ϕ=0,7
600
550
500
Spatiul de
450 franare cu toate
rotile
400
350 Spatiul de
300 franare cu rotile
puntii fata
250
200 Spatiul de
150 franare cu rotile
puntii spate
100
50
0

Spatiul de franare pentru μ =0,56

600
550
500
450
400
350 Spatiul de
300 franare cu toate
rotile
250
200
150
100
50
0
 Spatiul de franare pentru ϕ=0,35
650
600
550
Spatiul de
500 franare cu toate
450 rotile
400
Spatiul de
350
franare cu rotile
300 puntii fata
250
200 Spatiul de
franare cu rotile
150 puntii spate
100
50
0

Spatiul de franare pentru μ =0,28

600
550
500
450
400
350 Spatiul de
300 franare cu toate
rotile
250
200
150
100
50
0
 Spatiul de franare pentru ϕ=0,15
1500
1400
1300
1200 Spatiul de
1100 franare cu toate
rotile
1000
900
Spatiul de
800 franare cu rotile
700 puntii fata
600
500 Spatiul de
400 franare cu rotile
300 puntii spate
200
100
0

Spatiul de franare pentru μ =0,12

600
550
500
450
400
350 Spatiul de
300 franare cu toate
rotile
250
200
150
100
50
0
 Spatiul de oprire

Variatia deceleratiei in timpul procesului de franare

Timpul intarzierilor fiziologice t1 0.5

Timpul intarzierilor mecanice t2 0.3
Timpul de initiere a franarii t3 0.1

Modul
de Viteza initiala Vai [km/h]
franare
al
rotilor 10 60 80 100 120 168
Ss [m] 2.361111 14.16667 18.88889 23.611 28.33333 39.666667
cu toate Sfmin
rotile [m] 0.393545 14.16763 25.1869 53.611 76.77798 147.96345
Sopr [m] 2.754656 28.3343 44.07579 77.222 105.1113 187.63012
Ss [m] 2.361111 14.16667 18.88889 23.611 28.33333 39.666667
numai
Sfmin
cu rotile
[m] 0.944469 34.0009 60.44604 94.447 136.0036 266.56704
p. fata
Sopr [m] 3.30558 48.16756 79.33493 118.06 164.3369 306.2337
Ss [m] 2.361111 14.16667 18.88889 23.611 28.33333 39.666667
numai
Sfmin
cu rotile
[m] 1.251971 45.07096 80.12615 125.2 180.2838 353.3563
p. spate
Sopr [m] 3.613082 59.23762 99.01503 148.81 208.6172 393.02297

Spatiul de oprire
600
550 Spatiul de
500 oprire cu toate
450 rotile
400
350 Spatiul de
300 oprire numai
250 cu rotile puntii
fata
200
150
100
50
0