RUNNING HEADER: INDIVIDUAL PROJECT

THE UNIVERSITY OF THE WEST INDIES OPEN CAMPUS

Individual Project

Review of a Social Education Programme

Submitted by

Jhody-Ann Neita (320001701)

EDID6504 Programme Evaluation & Course Assessment Methods

Mrs. Camille Dickson-Deane

Due Date

11 of April 2018
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Table of Content

Phase one

Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………. 3

Description of Programme…………………………………………………………………….. 4

Needs to be addressed………………………………………………………….……………… 5

Objectives……………………………………………………………………………………….6

Target Group…………………………………………………………………………………...6

Anticipated Outcomes of The Jamaica’s Agricultural Avenue………………………...………6

Phase 2

Comparison of the Naturalistic evaluation and the Goal-Oriented Model………….………….7

Discussion on the Naturalistic model to evaluate the Jamaica’s Agricultural Avenue

programme…………………………………………………………………………………….. 9

Steps to Assure of Validity of using Naturalistic Evaluation Model …………...…………..…10

Phase 3

Purpose of Outcome Evaluation……………………………………………………………….12

Outcome Evaluation Plan Steps…………………………………………………....…………..14

Jamaica’s Agricultural Avenue Log Framework……………………………………..………..19

References………………………………………………………………………… ………….24
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Introduction

According to Amadeo (2018), economic growth is an increase in the production of goods and

services over a specific period. The Jamaican government have used different strategies to assist

with the economic development of the country. The National Youth Service is an example of

such a strategy that has been implemented. A brief description of this initiative has been outlined

in this paper. The National Youth Service has inspired the development of The Jamaica’s

Agriculture Avenue, a proposed pragramme to assist with the elevation of economic

development in the country. A description and an outcome evaluation plan for this programme is

also included in this paper.

The National Youth Service

The National Youth Service was developed in order to alleviate the problem of youth

unemployment, by providing training opportunities, work experience and character development

(The Gleaner’s Youth Link, 2013). The National Youth Service caters for persons between the

ages of eighteen and twenty four. Participants receive training in professionalism for one month

then are allowed six months to be a part of a work environment. Participant are expected to

attend a workshop once per month to receive further training on professionalism during the six

months. They serve voluntarily and receives a stipend each month that should cover

transportation and lunch fees. Upon the completion of six month, if National Youth Service

participant performs well the company may ask them to stay longer. Participants also have the

option to start their tertiary education, The National Youth Service will provide twenty five

percent (25%) of college fees. College students also have an additional opportunity to apply for a

summer job through the National Youth Service. This program has assisted many Jamaicans to
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bridge the gap between unemployment and employment which in return has helped to promote

the social and economic development of the country.

Jamaica’s Shortcoming

The financial assistance offered by The National Youth Service have been beneficial to a lot of

persons, however there are those who are still unable to afford the remaining seventy five percent

of the college academic fee. These persons are often forced to return to an unemployed status

after the six months of work experience since a college degree is the main requirement for most

professions. Unemployment may result in persons seeking other means of survival which are

often illegal. Persons may turn to criminal activities such as stealing, selling drugs, prostitution

and scamming as an avenue to supply their ‘daily bread’. Persons no longer will value the

maintenance of a good character because of desperation to survive. This is a burning concern that

I have for my country.

Proposed Program

Jamaica is a blessed country that possess a tropical climate which is conducive for many

different fruit trees, vegetables and ground provision to thrive. The coffee from Blue Mountains,

the sugar cane, scotch bonnet pepper and the yellow yam are just a few produce that flourish in

Jamaica’s soil. The proposed programme is geared towards alleviating the problem of

unemployment and to reduce the importation rate in Jamaica, using agriculture as a pathway to

do this.

Name and Brief Description of Programme

Name of Programme: The Jamaica’s Agricultural Avenue

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The Jamaica’s Agricultural Avenue is a programme that seeks to provide a pathway for

prospective farmers to create a market both locally and internationally. Individuals from different

communities will be selected based on their financial status. They will be given fruit seeds, tree

seedling and the necessary fertilizer and feed to care for them. The selected individual will be

responsible for planting seeds and maintaining the crop or the animal. After their first harvest

they will be held accountable of sharing the offspring of the animal or the seeds from the plants

with their neighbor who should also register with The Jamaica’s Agricultural Avenue.

Opportunities will be provided for participants to export their produce and to sell their produce to

local hotels and businesses.

The participant of The Jamaica’s Agricultural Avenue will be required to attend workshops that

will be geared towards training individuals in the field of agriculture, business, character

development and professionalism. Beginners will be required to attend the workshop for one

month prior, where they will be taught the necessary skills needed to start an agricultural

business. These participants will be expected to continue attending monthly workshops to

receive further training on maintaining their crop. This idea was inspired by the training aspect of

the National Youth Service. Current Local Farmers and other businesses will be asked to donate

to this initiative by providing seeds and fertilizers to start the programme.

Needs to be addressed by Jamaica’s Agricultural Avenue

The Jamaica’s Agricultural Avenue seeks to address the need of unemployment and the negative

social behavior among citizens of Jamaica. The unnecessary importation of food produced that

can be manufactured in Jamaica is also a concern that needs to be addressed.

Objectives
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The objectives of The Jamaica’s Agricultural Avenue is to provide a pathway to:

 Train participants in the area of agriculture

 Fill the gap that unemployment creates through agriculture

 Provide professional development and character building training for participants

 To make Jamaican food produce marketable both locally and internationally

Targeted Group

The targeted group to benefit from The Jamaica’s Agricultural Avenue are males and females

between the ages of twenty (20) and forty (40) who are unemployed. The only qualification that

is needed are two CSEC subjects.

Anticipated Outcomes of The Jamaica’s Agricultural Avenue

According to Capozzi (2017) the stability of the economy rests on the ability to maintain a low

unemployment rate and provide a safe, secure workplace. In an attempt to create a stable

economy, The Jamaica’s Agricultural Avenue anticipates the reduction of the unemployment rate

in the country. A productive survival avenue for Jamaican people is also probable, by promoting

the ‘grow what you eat, eat what you grow’ campaign instead of resorting to an illegal support.

A mass production of agricultural produce is expected from this venture therefore there should

be a reduction of the importation of food items in the country. This initiative will provide the

prospective farmers with hope as they will not have to worry about competing with an

international market. The programme will also provide the participants with the opportunity to

export their produce thus catering to the diaspora and other fans of Jamaican food. Jamaica is

blessed with natural resources that should be utilized efficiently to assist the country to benefit

from what it’s worth.

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Phase 2

Comparison of the Naturalistic evaluation and the Goal-Oriented Model

According to Mathison (2005) Naturalistic evaluation combines the assumptions and methods of

naturalistic inquiry with various approaches that attempt to blend evaluation into the cultures and

lives of the people involved. This formative approach to evaluation can be beneficial to the

Jamaica Agriculture Avenue due to the procedural nature of the programme. The programme

will be facilitating regular workshops sessions in an attempt to develop a culture of

professionalism, courtesy and quality among the individuals involved. Apart from the

workshops, project managers would also visit the participants’ farm to evaluate their ability to

implement the agricultural strategies that they were taught. According to Herman (1987)

“programmes are designed to achieve a specific set of goals and objectives, and the goal-oriented

programme evaluation model uses these goals and objectives as the criteria for determining

whether the programme was successful or not.” The implementation of the goal-orientated

evaluation model will reveal that the participants are performing at the standard that is in

correlation with the outlined objectives of the program. Both evaluation model requires that the

persons involved with the programme are sensitized of the goals and objectives. This is to ensure

that the participants and stakeholders work toward accomplishing the goal and won’t be tempted

to divert from the essence of the programme.

It is suggested by Guba (1981) that the naturalistic evaluation model is designed to provide

informal, continuous comments and feedbacks that would be beneficial to the participant’s

development (pp. 27-33). Frequent feedback will contribute to the gradual growth of the

programme as there will always be transparency of the expectations of the programme.

Naturalistic evaluation model approach is flexible and it promotes the observation of the
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participant’s genuine behavior while the goal-oriented model focuses on accomplishing only the

objectives that were formulated. It has been implied by Marsh (1978) that once the program

goals has been established, it is important to govern the correlation of these objectives and goals

with the expectations of the stakeholders and participants of the programme. It would therefore

be advisable that the project managers of the Jamaica’s Agricultural Avenue programme

coordinate a meeting with the planning committee. The objectives and the formulated

expectations would be discussed and analyzed thoroughly so that the execution of the

programmes activities will be reliable and accurate. The participants will follow a procedure, in

order to accomplish the objective of the programme, this could take the form of a check list that

would be explained and circulated at the first workshop session. The naturalistic evaluation

model can also require that a checklist is followed, however adjustments may be required with

the consideration of the resources available to the participant.

The informal and continued approach of the naturalistic model can be a time consuming process,

however if the participant make a habit of doing the correct thing, then the evaluation process

would flow smoothly. The stakeholders of the Jamaica’s Agricultural Avenue programme would

choose to use one person to evaluate a specific participant at work, however this person may be

bias or may share a different view which is contrary to the stipulated expectations. If this method

of evaluation is chosen then the selected evaluator would have to be trained so that the standard

of the programme would not be tampered with because of too much lenience. There is also the

possibility of bias with the implementation of the goal-oriented model. The evaluator may be so

focused on the accomplishment of the stipulated objectives that they ignore any other evidence

of progress within the programme. The participants of the Jamaica’s Agricultural Avenue may

use different valid strategies that may be slightly different from those outlined by the project
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managers. The evaluators can decide to be stringent with the evaluation process and refuse to

consider any other progress; such attitude may place a hamper in the progress of the programme.

Discussion on the Naturalistic model to evaluate the Jamaica’s Agricultural Avenue

programme

The Jamaica’s Agricultural Avenue programme seeks to provide a pathway of employment for

prospective farmers. These farmers will be expected to plant and maintain food produce, such a

task is a time consuming process. Due to the nature of the programme it is believed the

naturalistic model would be a fitting choice to evaluate this programme because of its informal

and continuing characteristic. The implementation of the Naturalistic model means that

participants of the Jamaica’s Agricultural Avenue programme would be unaware when their

work tactics would be observed. This approach will encourage participants to always adhere with

the expectations of the programme. The observation of the authentic performances of the

participants will allow the evaluators to make wise decisions based on genuine information

collected about the participant’s strengths and weaknesses. Guba (1987) stated that “naturalistic

approaches may be used in order to explore areas that initially seem impossible to conceptualize

and in order to lay the foundations for more rigorous future investigations”. Therefore, at the end

of each evaluation, the stakeholders will be able to make the necessary adjustments to ensure the

gradual progress of the Jamaica’s Agricultural Avenue program.

The participants of the Jamaica’s Agricultural Avenue will be from different backgrounds and

will have different experiences and needs. The coherence of the programme will be threatened if

the stakeholders choose to use a ‘one size fit all’ method to evaluate the performance of the

participants. The evaluator can be flexible with the evaluation process by selecting appropriate
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methods that may reveal a true reflection of the participant abilities. The naturalistic evaluation

model promote an interactive relationship between the evaluator and the participant. Rubin

(1982) stated that “the processes of data collection, classification, analysis, and validation are

iterative and interactive”. This evaluation model will therefore facilitate an interactive

atmosphere amongst persons involved with the programme, and a culture of sharing ideas,

experiences and concerns freely would be developed. The frequency and consistency of the

evaluations will encourage the participants to thrive for the best and not be tempted to be

complacent which can hinder productivity and sustainability of the programme.

Farmers who register with the Jamaica’s Agricultural Avenue programme would develop a

greater understanding of the impact that the success of the programme will has on them. They

will receive the opportunity to contribute to the content delivered at the final presentation due to

the flexible nature of the naturalistic evaluation model. Richardson (2014) suggested that

including employees into decision making will be beneficial as they will; suggest realistic

strategies, cooperate with new resolutions, and inclusively a better business performance.

Steps to Assure of Validity of using Naturalistic Evaluation Model

The naturalistic evaluation model may be characterized into three phases, familiarization, action

and synthesis (Rubin, 1982).These phases were used as an aid to pilot the valid assurance use the

naturalistic model to evaluate the Jamaica’s Agricultural Avenue programme. During the

familiarization phase persons involved in the programme are given the opportunity to become

accustom to its objectives. Wolf (1979) implied that this is the foundation phase in which the

investigation begins and an overview of the settings and related literature is recognized. After

analyzing the objectives and the anticipated outcome of the programme, evaluator will be able to

determine the assurance of the selected evaluation model. Essential decisions would then be
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made at this stage that will impact the effective operation of the programme. Decisions such as

the roles of the project managers, the frequency of workshops, the availability of funds and the

methodologies that may be utilized to train farmers. It is also at this phase that the evaluators will

learn about the characteristics of the individuals who registered to be members of the Jamaica

Agricultural Avenue programme. Evaluation strategies and how they would be utilized would be

decided on, this is necessary since there will be regular and informal evaluations conducted. The

information gathered at this phase will be analyzed and documented for future reference. The

planning committee will develop an action plan which will clearly outline the aforesaid

information. The action plan will have the following heading (in an attempt to address the needs

of the programme); major tasks, evaluation strategies, anticipated outcomes, resources.

The second phase of the naturalistic model is action, this is where evaluation strategies such as

observation, interviews and documents review would be employed in order to reveal significant

concerns and issues in the programme (Rubin, 1982). Evaluators will employ the different data

collection methods mentioned in the previous sentence to find out how they the implementation

of the naturalistic evaluation model will work. The evaluation criterion that would be tested at

this phase is the efficiency and sustainability of the model.

Rubin (1982) stated that “the synthesis phase is devoted to developing a final presentation and

holding a final debriefing”. The informal method of collecting information helps to keep final

presentations authentic and reliable. Suggestions and deliberations would also be presented

during the synthesis phase based the matters that were raised during the action phase. The

evaluators would have received a first-hand experience with utilizing the naturalistic model to

evaluate the programme. They would therefore be able to decide on what will work and what not

work during the outcome evaluation process.

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Phase 3

Purpose of Outcome Evaluation

An outcome evaluation will be conducted as a mean to devise the anticipated success of the

Jamaica Agricultural Avenue programme. The main purpose of this evaluation is to ensure that

the objectives are being met. Below outlines the purpose of the outcome evaluation:

To Guide the Planning and Decision Making

It is essential that critical decisions are made to facilitate the successful development of a new

programme. Decision making can be a tedious process as the choices made can either fuel the

growth of a programme or hinder it. The implementation of an outcome evaluation will reveal

relevant information that will guide stakeholders to make wise decisions. An effective evaluation

will help the stakeholders of the Jamaica’s Agricultural Avenue programme analyze ‘what will

work’ and ‘what will not work’. If critical decisions are made before an evaluation is conducted,

then the impact of the Jamaica’s Agriculture will be threaten.

To Outline the Effectiveness of Available of Resources

The distribution of resources to perspective farmers is one main attribute of the Jamaica’s

Agricultural Avenue programme. Participants will be given seeds, seedlings, fertilizers and any

other the necessary available resources to start their farming business. The participants will be

evaluated in order to decide on whether the input of the available resources is resulting in the

mass production of goods to supply to demands of the market. An outcome evaluation will help

the project managers decide on the amount of resources that should be invested into the

programme monthly. The sustainability of the programme depends of the availability of the

resources, participants plays a vital role of the suppling the programme with a portion of
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seedlings and seed after the harvest of each crop. Regular evaluation will help to determine if the

participants are doing their part efficiently.

To Monitor Staff Members and Participants Performance

The targeted audience for the Jamaica’s Agricultural Avenue programme will not necessarily

experts in the field of agriculture, one of the objectives of the programme is to train individuals

in the field of agriculture. Another purpose for conducting an outcome evaluation is to ensure

that the training provided to the participants actually works. It is incumbent that each participants

produce food items that are of the required standard of the programme. All food items will be

sold the under the brand Jamaica’s Agricultural Avenue, therefore each participant will be

expected to meet the demands of the programme. Participants and staff members are also

expected to always conduct themselves in a courteous and professional manner. Regular

evaluation will help to monitor the performance of both the participants and staff members which

will impact the intended success of the programme.

To Devise Accountability

The evaluation process will highlight the weakness and the strengths of those who contributes to

the success of the programme. The reports from the evaluation will be made available for each

member to assess themselves and make the necessary adjustments. This will provide direction

and purpose for each member of the programme. An outcome evaluation will also provide

administrative staff members and participants of the programme with a clearer understanding of

what the programme is endeavoring to achieve. The evaluation will reveal facts that will guide

staff members to make the necessary adjustments to successfully meet the standard of the

programme.
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To Compare Results with Anticipated Outcome

The essential purpose of an outcome evaluation is measure whether the activities are actually

geared toward the accomplishment of the intended objectives (outcomes) of the programme. It is

important that stakeholders and participants are able to recognize that the ventures that they

undertake has an effective impact on the development of the programme.

Outcome Evaluation Plan Steps

1- Understanding of the programme

After the purpose of the evaluation is being established the next essential step would involve, the

team of evaluators garnering a deeper understanding of the nature of the Jamaica’s Agricultural

Avenue programme. The main goal, specific objectives, expected outcomes along with the

format of the programme will be presented to them. The information gathered here would be

used as a guide to facilitate the outcome evaluation process. This stage will prevent the

evaluators from making assumptions that would cause the evaluation process to be misleading.

2- Determine the notion behind the programme

A logic model framework will be completed as a means to reveal the notion behind the

development of the Jamaica’s Agricultural Avenue programme. From this framework the team

of evaluators will be able to identify the effectiveness of using agriculture as the premise for the

programme. It will also reveal how well the objectives correlate with the planned activities and

format of the programme. The evaluators will create this log framework after analyzing their

understanding of the programme based information garnered from the first step. They will note

possible indicators that will reveal that the successful accomplishment of the programme

objective. The anticipated outcome will also by outline in the log framework.
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3- Selecting the appropriate evaluation design

The third stage involves the selection of an appropriate evaluation design. Considering the

purpose of the outcome evaluation, the quasi-experimental design would be the best choice. In

that information will be always be collected from same persons during the each evaluation

period. Wholey, et al (2010) suggest that a design matrix can be developed and used as a guide to

make decisions that will influence the creation of an outcome evaluation design. Below outlines

a design matrix that will guide the evaluators’ decisions when creating an outcome evaluation.

The Matrix List

Outcome Evaluation Questions

1. What measures are in place to ensure that participants maintains the standards of the

programme, in regards to the quality of produce and professionalism?

2. What provisions are in place to supply new participants with seed and seedlings in the

event that the existing participants are inconsistent with supplying the required portion of

their harvest within a timely manner?

3. Have there been positive reports from business owners that the participants conducts

themselves in a courteous and responsible manner?

4. What strategies have been implemented to promote local food produce to the businesses

locally and internationally?

5. Have there been a reduction in unemployment linked crimes such as robbery and

scamming since the implementation of the programme?

Data sources: Participants, trainers, clients, project managers, documented information.

Data collection instruments: Checklists, interviews, observation, questionnaires

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Methods of analysis: The narrative qualitative data analysis method will be used to analyze the

collected data. This method requires the participant to thoroughly read through the data until

they understand the exact message being communicated. During this step the evaluator may seek

to record any identified similarities. For example, based on responses the evaluator may notice a

particular pattern that most participants prefer to plant seedling rather than seeds, hence

stakeholders will be advised to have a supply of mostly seedlings.

Purpose: The purpose of the evaluation will be reviewed, this will allow the evaluator to

strategically select the information that would be beneficial to the growth of the programme.

4- Conduct outcome evaluations

The main goal of The Jamaica’s Agricultural Avenue programme is to promote entrepreneurship

through the agricultural field. This venture was also designed in an attempt to reduce the

importation of food produce that can be grown in the country. Regular workshops sessions will

be held to train participants and to provide them with the necessary resources such as seed,

seedlings and fertilizers, to make this venture possible. Upon inception to the programme the

participants will be analyzed and placed, in according to their capabilities. Persons with no

experience in the agricultural field would be placed in the beginners group and will be closely

monitored over a two years span. Beginners will be evaluated at least twice for the month and

may receive other random visits from expertise in the field. After this two years period these

participants will move to the competent group, the initial analysis of some participants may

reveal that they are capable to start at this stage. Competent participants will be evaluated once

each month for the duration of one year. This is to establish a firm foundation of the expected

practice of the programme. After the three years span participants should develop a general

understanding of the culture of the programme. Participants will then be placed in the advance
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group, they will also be considered as experts in the agricultural field and will be recruited to

train of new participants. The data will collected by means of observations, checklist and

interviews. The participants in the advance group will be visited and evaluated once at three

month intervals.

Evaluations will conducted according to a schedule time span. There will be a schedule to allow

following procedures to occur:

 Interview

 Observation

 Review of documents

A naturalistic evaluation will be conducted therefore there will be no specific date for the

participants to be evaluated. However there will be time period in which evaluation is expected

to take place. The evaluator will select a date based on his or her discretion. Below is an example

of an observation schedule.

Sample of Beginner Participant Schedule

Observation Name of Name of Comments on Signature

period Participant Evaluator observed
outcome and
context
May 1- 4, 2018

Date of
Observation
________________

May 28- 31, 2018

Date of
Observation
______________
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June 4- 8, 2018

Date of
Observation
________________

5- Reporting evaluations

The evaluators will meet with the participants and the stakeholders to discuss the findings from

the outcome evaluation. This meeting will facilitate the adjustments of any discrepancy that may

have been identified before the final report is drafted and logged.

6. ADisseminating evaluation findings

The team of evaluators are responsible to ensure the evaluation reports are copied and

distributed. A copy of the evaluation report should be given to, each member of the evaluation

team, the participants and the stake holders of the Jamaica’s Agricultural Avenue programme.

These reports will be used to guide future planning and decision making

Jamaica’s Agricultural Avenue Log Framework

Goal: To reduce importation and promote entrepreneurship through agriculture.
Objectives Inputs Activities Outputs Outcomes Indicators
Train -Locate and Participants - Workshop -Participants 95% of

participants secure workshop will be: Training will be able to participants

in the area venue -Viewing of session plant, will be

of videos about -Hands on maintain and competent in

agriculture practical reap food

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-Land space the craft of training produce that the area of

suitable for agriculture sessions are fit for the agriculture

farming -Attending -Field trips to local and

-Seeds, presentation established international

seedlings, -Apart of farms market.

fertilizers group -A mass

-Farming tools discussions production of

such as hoe, fork and local

etc. presentations agricultural

-Projector and -develop a produce

computer field journal

-Funding to record

-Bus notes from

-Experts in the workshop

field of presentations,

agriculture to field trips and

offer training, for personal

example RADA experience

(Rural and

Agricultural observation

Development -have hands

Authority) on practice

professionals
 Individual Project 20

-facilities.

Fill the gap -Advisers on -Attend -Workshop -Participants -By the year

that entrepreneurship presentations training on will own their 2030

unemploym -Projector and -Be a part of entrepreneurshi own business unemployme

ent creates computer group p supported by nt rate would

through -Seeds, seedlings discussion -Available the Jamaica’s fall to less

agriculture and fertilizers and seeds, Agricultural than 20%

-Sponsors presentations seedlings and Avenue

-Facilities - Watch fertilizers for programme -By the year

videos participants -Persons will 2030 the

showcasing appreciate the unemploym-

successful benefit of ent linked

agricultural Jamaica’s crime will be

business agricultural reduced by

-providing the assets. 30%

programme

with twenty

percent of the
 Individual Project 21

seedlings and

seed to supply

to new

participants

Provide -Presentations on - Be apart in -Professional -Participants Reports and

professional professional group development conduct reviews from

developme- development and discussions training during themselves in clients will

nt and character and workshop a courteous indicate their

character building presentations sessions and experience

building -Facilities -Participating professional with

training for -Presenters in peer manner interacting

participants critiques -Participants with

-Attending will participants

presentations understand to of the

-Recording benefits of Jamaica’s

notes in being polite Agricultural

journal especially Avenue

during programme

business

transactions

To make -Advertisements- - Plant, -Frequent -Reduction of The

Jamaican posters, maintain and inspection of the importation

food commercial reap food the quality of importation of rate of food

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produce -Funding produce that the food food produce produce to

marketable -Public are fit for the product that can be Jamaica will

both locally Relationship local and locally fall to 30

and Officer international produced, percent

international market. hence creating

-lly savings for the

country and

better quality

of life for

citizens

-Local

markets and

other citizens

will support

the “grow

what you eat,

eat what you

grow”

campaign by

supporting the

local farmers

-Healthier

lifestyle for
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Jamaican

citizens
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How It's Measured and What Are the Causes. Retrieved from

https://www.thebalance.com/what-is-economic-growth-3306014

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