‫اسئلة وحلول تخص الدراسات‬

‫العليا (الماجستير) في هندسة‬

‫النفط‬

‫اعداد‬
‫المهندس جاسم محمد جليل‬

‫‪27-7-2016‬‬
‫االربعاء‬
Eng. Jassim M. Jaleel 27/7/2016

‫اسئلة منوعة عن مادة الحفر‬

Q/ Given the following well data, Determine plastic viscosity, yield

point, flow behavior index (n) and consistency index (k).
Ɵ600=75 Ɵ300=51
Sol/
1-µp= Ɵ600- Ɵ300= 75-51=24 cP.
2-ϒ= Ɵ300- µp= 51-24= 27 in * Ibf/100 ft^2
3-n=3.23log (Ɵ600/ Ɵ300)
=3.23log (75/51) = 0.54099 (Dimensionless)
4-k= Ɵ300/ (511^n) = 51/ (511^0.54099) = 1.7472 Ibf* sec^n/100 ft^2

Q/what are the major application of directional drilling?

1-Sidetrack around stuck tools.
2-Bring the wellbore back to vertical.
3-Drilling relief wells to kill blowout.

Q/ Define the following:

1-Bit: is a tool designed to produce a generally cylindrical hole (wellbore) in the
earth’s crust by the rotary drilling method for the discovery and extraction of
hydrocarbons such as crude oil and natural gas.

2-Blowout preventer (BOP): is a large, specialized valve or similar mechanical

device, used to seal, control and monitor oil and gas wells to prevent blowout, the
uncontrolled release of crude oil and natural gas from well. They are usually
installed redundantly in stacks.

3-Cementing: is the process of introducing cement to the annular space between

the well-bore and casing or to the annular space between two successive casing
strings

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Eng. Jassim M. Jaleel 27/7/2016

4-Desander: A hydrocyclone device that removes large drill solids from the whole
mud system. The desander should be located downstream of the shale shakers and
degassers, but before the desilters or mud cleaners.

Q/ Indicate whether the statements is correct or incorrect?

1-The drilling fluid is the medium for transmitting available hydraulic horsepower
at the surface to the bit. (Correct).
2-For efficient hole cleaning, the cuttings concentration in the annuals should be
maintained at less than 15%. (Correct).
3-Experimental work indicates that the best carrying capacity is produced when the
pipe is concentric within the annulus. (Correct).
4-Plug flow is a special type of turbulent flow and only occurs with yield stress
materials moving at low velocities. (Incorrect).
5-There are basically two mechanisms for pipe sticking: differential sticking and
mechanical sticking. (Correct).
6-An event which causes the drilling operation to stop is described as a non-
productive time. (Correct).
7-Marsh funnel is a calibrated funnel used in field tests to determine the density of
drilling mud. (Incorrect).
8-Pressure losses in pipes are those taking place in drill pipe and drill collar.
(Correct).
9-Reducing some drilling parameters can be considered a prevention step of partial
losses. (Incorrect).

Q/ List five of important consideration which effecting the choice of

muds to meet specific conditions.
1-The type of formation to be drilled.
2-The formation evaluation procedure used.
3-The range of temperature, strength, permeability and pore pressure exhibited by
formation.
4-The water quality available.
5-Ecological and Environmental consideration.

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Eng. Jassim M. Jaleel 27/7/2016

Q/ The most important parameters effecting the carrying capacity of

drilling fluid are:
1-Type of formation to be drilled.
2-Type of drilling fluid that use.
3-Qualiy of water available.
4- The formation evaluation procedure used.

Q/Generally there are three types of flow:

1-Laminar flow.
2-Turbuent flow.
3-Transition flow.

Q/ Choose the correct answer:

1-Viscosity is not constant for most drilling fluids, it is various with:
a-shear rate b-shear stress c-shear rate and shear stress
2-Pressure losses in surface connections are those taking place in:
a-bit b-drill pipe and drill collar
c-stand pipe, rotary hose, swivel and Kelly.
3-Type of pneumatic fluids include:
a-dry gas and foam b-dry gas, mist, foam and gasified mud
c-dry gas, mist and foam.
4- Worldwide, what is the most common cause of abnormal formation pressure?

a- Depleted sands b-carbonate layers c-under compaction of shales

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Eng. Jassim M. Jaleel 27/7/2016

Q/Fill the following blanks:

1-Drilling fluid are dilatant when they exhibit high viscosity at higher shear rate
than lower shear rate.

2-Thixotrobic fluid experience show a decrease in viscosity with time.

3-The pressure drop available at the bit is maximum when the pump pressure is
maximum and the fractional pressure loss in drill string and annulus is minimum.

4-In shallow part of well, the flow rate is usually held constant at the maximum rate.

5-Nozzile velocity is directly proportional to the square root of the pressure drop
across the bit.

6-The fluid consistency index (k) increase when the fluid become viscous.

7-In turbulent flow the pressure required to move the fluid increase with density.

8-EOB (end of build), KOP (kick of point), MD (measured depth) and DF (drilling
flower).

9-Drilling fluids are shear thinning when they exhibit less viscosity with higher
shear rate.

10- Viscoplastic fluids: are that exhibit a yield stress below a certain critical shear
stress there is no deformation of the fluid and it behaves like a rigid solid, but when
that yield value is exceeded, the material flows like a fluid.

11-Rheopecty or rheopexy is the rare property of some non-Newtonian fluids to

show a time-dependent increase in viscosity (Time Dependent Viscosity); the longer
the fluid undergoes shearing force, the higher its viscosity.

11-Bingham model is only applicable for laminar flow.

12- An event which causes the drilling operation to stop is described as a non-
productive time event.

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Eng. Jassim M. Jaleel 27/7/2016

‫اختيارات منوعةعن مادة ميكانيكية الموائع‬

1-A fluid is substance:

a- Always expand until it full any container.
b- Is practically incompressible.
c- Cannot be subjected to shear force.
d- Cannot remained at rest under action of any shear force.
e- Has the same shear stress at a point regardless of its motion.
2-Newtons low of viscosity relates:
a- Pressure, viscosity and velocity.
b- Shear stress and shear rate of angular deformation in fluids.
c- Shear stress, temperature, velocity and viscosity.
d- Pressure, velocity and rate of angular deformation.
e- Yield shear stress, rate of angular deformation and viscosity.
3-Correct unit of dynamic viscosity are:
a- Dyne. Sec^2/cm
b- Gm/cm.sec^2
c- Gm.sec/cm
d- Dyne.cm/sec^2
e- Dyne.sec/cm^2
4-Viscosity is expressed in poise is converted to the English unit of viscosity by
multiplication:
a- 1/479
b- 479
c- Density
d- 1/density
e- None of them.

5-The dimension for a kinematic viscosity are:

a- F.L^-2 .T
b- M.L^-1.T^-1
c- L^2.t^2
d- L^3.T^-1
e- L^2.T^-2

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Eng. Jassim M. Jaleel 27/7/2016

6-In converting to the English unit of kinematic viscosity to the stock one multiply
by:
a- 1/479
b- 1/(30.48)^2
c- 479
d- 30.48^2
e- None of them
7-A perfect gas:
a- Has zero viscosity
b- Has constant viscosity
c- Incompressible
d- Satisfied to P. p=RT
e- Fits none of these statements
8-Surface tension has the dimension:
a- F
b- F.L^-1
c- F.L^-2
d- F.L^-3
e- None of them.
9-Select a common dimensionless parameters in fluid mechanics:
a- Angular velocity
b- Kinematic viscosity
c- Specific gravity
d- Specific weight
e- None of them.
10-Select the quantity of the following that not dimensionless from parameter:
a- Pressure coefficient
b- Froude number
c- Darcy wiesbach friction factor
d- Kinematic viscosity
e- Weber number
11-Rynolid number may be define as the ratio of:
a- Viscous forces to inertial forces.
b- Viscous forces to the gravity force.
c- Gravity force to inertial force.
d- Elastic forces to the pressure forces
e- None of these answers.

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Eng. Jassim M. Jaleel 27/7/2016

12- The pressure cofficient may take the form:

a- ∆P/∆H
b- ∆P/(Pv^2/2)
c- ∆P/LµV
d- ∆Pp/µ^2L^4
e- None of them.
13-The pressure coefficient is the ratio of pressure forces to:
a- Viscous forces
b- Inertial forces
c- Gravity forces
d- Surface tension forces
e- Elastic energy forces
14-Which two forces are most important in laminar flow between closely speed
parallel plate:
a- Inertial and viscous
b- Pressure and inertial
c- Gravity and pressure
d- Viscous and pressure
e- None of them.
15-A static tube is used to measure:
a- The pressure in static fluid.
b- The velocity in the flowing stream.
c- The total pressure.
d- The dynamic pressure
e- The undisturbed fluid pressure.
16-The simple Pitot tube measures the:
a- Static pressure.
b- Dynamic pressure.
c- Total pressure.
d- Velocity at the stagnation point.
e- Difference in total and dynamic pressure.
17-Select the correct statement:
a- The discharge through a venture meter depend upon ∆P only and is
independent on orientation of the meter.
b- A venturi meter with a given gage difference discharge at grate rate when the
flow is vertically downward through it than when the flow is vertically
upward.

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Eng. Jassim M. Jaleel 27/7/2016

c- For a given pressure difference the equation show that discharge of gas is
grater through venturi meter when compressibility is taken into account
than when it is neglected.
d- The coefficient of concentration of a venturi meter is unity.
e- The overall lose is the same in a given pipeline whether a venturi meter or a
nozzle with same D2 used.
18-Real fluid is:
a- With constant density.
b- With constant viscosity.
c- Its density change with time
d- Its viscosity change with time.
e- None of above.
19-Isothermal flow:
a- Has constant internal energy.
b- Has zero internal energy.
c- Ha constant pressure energy.
d- Has zero potential energy.
20-Effective porosity in porous media is refer to:
a- The structure of porous media.
b- The accessible of porous space to flow.
c- The inaccessible of porous space to flow.
d- None of above.

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Eng. Jassim M. Jaleel 27/7/2016

‫اسئلة منوعة عن مادة الجيولوجي‬

1-Numerate and define the types of sedimentary rocks? Give some examples of
each?
2-Classify the clastic sedimentary particles and sedimentary rocks in term of grain
size and shape?
3-Numerate the facies that associated with meandering stream?
4-Numerate the oil source rock criteria?
5-Define the traps and numerate the types of traps with definition?
6-explain the steps in source rock anlysis?
7-Explain the intergranular movement?
8-Explain with drawing the effect of temperature and solution on stress-strain
curve?
9-Explain attitude of beds with drawing?
10-Explain by drawing the following:
A-anticline and syncline.
B-overturned fold.
C-isoclinal fold.
11-Classify the fold according to the interlimb angle?
12-Numerate the factors controlling the behavior of materials?
13-Expalin and draw the ideal creep curve?
14-Numerate and explain gliding plain?
15-Classify the joint on the basis of their attitude relative to the bidding?
16-Classify the joints according to the genetic basis?
17-Explain the hypothesis were develop to explain sheeting?
18-Explain the element of geometry of fold?
19-Numerate the oil source rock criteria?
20-Explain the structural traps and its type?
21-Explain the mechanism of primary migration?

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Eng. Jassim M. Jaleel 27/7/2016

‫اختيارات منوعة عن االدارة المكمنية‬

1-The file which could be used to load production data to petrel shall be of:
a- VOL type.
b- LAS type.
c- XLS type.
d- ASCI file or LAS file.
2-For a 10 km X 3 km polygon a grid spacing 100 m X 30 m with 10 layers will lead
to:
a- 30000 cells
b- 100000 cells
c- 10000 cells
d- 3000 cells
3-Increasing the cells account leads to use:
a- More CPU time only.
b- More RAM space and CPU time.
c- More RAM usage only.
d- Less RAM space and CPU.
4- Eclipse calculate oil in place using:
a- The same water saturation distribution of petrel.
b- Random oil saturation distribution.
c- The same oil saturation distribution of petrel.
d- New saturation distribution assuming gravity capillary equilibrium.
5-We always consider:
a- Both oil in place values are not reliable compared with manual estimation.
b- Petrel oil in place value is more reliable.
c- Eclipse oil in place value is more reliable.
d- Both oil in place values are always underestimated.
6-The first step after feeding the wells production is to:
a- Match the bottom hole following pressure.
b- Match the average reservoir pressure.
c- Match the well pressure.
d- Match the well production.

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Eng. Jassim M. Jaleel 27/7/2016

7-I f the well can’t produce at the same actual oil rate, you don’t need to check:
a- The relative permeability data.
b- The capillary pressure data.
c- The PVT data.
d- The perforation interval data.
8-To increase oil in place calculate by eclipse:
a- Increase the connate water saturation.
b- Increase the values of maximum capillary pressure.
c- Decrease the values of maximum capillary pressure.
d- Decrease net to gross thickness values.
9-The capillary pressure data:
a- Affect the calculated pore volume by petrel.
b- Don’t have any effect on the oil in place calculated by petrel.
c- Affect the calculated oil in place by petrel.
d- Isn’t necessary to the dynamic model.
10-Making a strategy is important to:
a- Develop PVT model.
b- Define the simulation period.
c- Input WOC, reference pressure, and the initial reservoir pressure.
d- Scale up well log data.
11- The porosity measured from core is used to
a- Correct the porosity from log.
b- Correct permeability measure from core.
c- Correct permeability measure from log.
d- None of above.
12- Volumetric calculations of OIP is
a- Not accurate because it deals with the cutoff porosity.
b- No accurate because it deals with average values of porosity and
permeability.
c- Not accurate because it deals with a reservoir as one block.
d- Accurate method
13- The process of estimating oil and gas reserves for a producing field is:
a- At the beginning life of the field.
b- Continues throughout the life of the field.
c- At the latest life of the field.

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Eng. Jassim M. Jaleel 27/7/2016

14-We can apply the equation of material balance when we have:

a- Pressure data.
b- Production data.
c- PVT data.
d- Capillary pressure data.
15- A self-check on calculations can be done when using
a- Material balance and volumetric calculations.
b- Material balance only.
c- Volumetric only.
16- One indication of saturation match is:
a- Matching the time to break through.
b- Matching the bubble point.
c- Matching the well pressure at the monitoring well.
17- The main three types of data required to build dynamic simulation model are:
a- Rock properties, Datum properties, fluid properties.
b- Rock properties, production data, and fluid properties.
c- Rock properties, topographic properties, fluid properties.
18- We cannot do prediction in simulation model unless we build:
a- A geological model.
b- A reservoir simulation and a geological model.
c- A volumetric model
19- In history matching we need to match:
a- Field pressure measurements.
b- Pressure and production measurements.
d- Pressure and production measurements in addition to WOC movement
measurements.
20- Future prediction plan means:
a- Matching IOIP of simulator with volumetric method
b- Build geological model
c- The best future economic plan to develop the field
21- Capillary pressure vs. saturation table is necessary to:
a- Determine the height of the transition zone.
b- The type of fluid.
c- No. of producing regions

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Eng. Jassim M. Jaleel 27/7/2016

22- MBAL can be used:

a- Instead of CMG to make reservoir simulation model.
b- To generate a straight line to predict N and water influx.
c- To get pressure match in reservoir simulation model.
23- PVTP is used to study:
a- Rock properties.
b- To calculate volumetric Oil in place.
c- Fluid properties.
24- When the average reservoir pressure of a model drops faster than the actual,
one may:
a- Decrease aquifer intensity.
b- Increase compressibility.
c- Decrease porosity.
25- Above bubble point the fluid property don’t affected with pressure is:
a- Oil formation volume factor (Bo).
b- Gas viscosity and oil viscosity.
c- Solution gas oil ration and liberation gas volume
26- Fluid properties and quantities can be determined using:
a- Core analysis is sufficient.
b- Core analysis and PVT tests together.
c- Special core analysis and PVT tests together.
27- During the life of the field the reservoir simulation study results are depend on:
a- Volume of data available and its degree of accuracy.
b- Types of grid used.
c- Types of fluid in the field.
28- The special core analysis reports include:
a- Absolute permeability and porosity.
b- Vertical and horizontal permeability.
c- Capillary pressure and relative permeability (Oil relative permeability (kro),
Water relative permeability (Krw), and capillary pressure).

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