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Priya et al.

, International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology E-ISSN 0976-3945

Research Paper
ANALYTICAL INVESTIGATION ON THE SEISMIC
BEHAVIOUR OF PRECAST POCKET FOUNDATION
CONNECTION
A.K.Priya1*,S.Nagan2,M.Rajeswari3, M.Nithya4, P.M.Priyanka5, R.Vanitha6
Address for Correspondence
1,3,4,5,6
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, KPR institute of Engineering and Technology,
Coimbatore, India
2
Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engg., Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Madurai - 625 015,
Tamilnadu, India
ABSTRACT –
Precast concrete structures are used globally nowadays because it shorten construction period, improves productivity, cost
efficiency, and superior plant control of structural elements with conventional cast-insitu concrete structures. Efficient design
and construction is achieved through the use of appropriate connections to accommodate all service, environmental and
ultimate load conditions. The column – footing connection is a main function in almost every kind of structure, because it
transfers load of the structure to the footing. Hence this study has been made on Seismic Analysis of precast concrete column
to the foundation connection. In this study different types of existing connections between the concrete column and
foundation was clearly explained and the force transferring mechanism from column to foundation was also described. The
present study neatly presents the innovative design proposal of Pocket foundation connection in a simple and consistent
manner. The design was checked against the seismic criteria and safety of the structure. A three story Reinforced Concrete
frame building was taken and analyzed with ETABS software against seismic forces, the resultant forces and moments in
critical column to footing region and the base shear values are obtained. The results obtained from the ETABS were used for
design and detailing of pocket foundation connection. The Finite element modeling for Pocket foundation connection has
been created and analyzed with the ANSYS Package. The results are discussed.
KEYWORDS - Precast concrete, Pocket Foundation connection,Finite element Analysis, Seismic behaviour, ANSYS
INTRODUCTION
In Precast concrete constructions, connections are
used for linking one precast module to another and
also to connect precast components to the structural
framework of cast-in-place concrete, steel, or masonry
(Ehsan,2010). The connections can be between
column or wall to foundation, beam to column or wall
to wall, slab to slab or structural steelwork, in-situ Figure 1. Grouted Pocket Foundation
concrete, timber and masonry to precast concrete I. ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURE
components. In order to perform this function, A. General Detail
connections must able to transmit moments, shear, The following G+3 storey Reinforced concrete frame
axial loads, and torsion (singly or in combination) that building model shown in figure 2 was analyzed for all
are resulted from dead and live loads, including the possible load combinations using ETABS
service loads, wind forces, handling and erection software. The location of the building is assumed as
stresses, earthquake, shrinkage , creep of concrete, Chennai which is zone 3 category and the total height
temperature stresses, and certain other loadings of the building is 12.2m. The seismic analysis was
resulting from construction and erection procedures. performed using equivalent lateral force method as
Connection design is one of the most significant given in IS: 1893-2002. The design and detailing of
considerations for the successful construction of beam, column, slab and foundation was carried out
precast reinforced concrete structures (Tasnimi, based on the guidelines given by IS: 456-2000 and IS:
1999). This is for the reason that the structural 13920-1993.
performance of precast concrete systems depends on The material characteristics are M30 grade of
the behaviour of connection. The configuration of the concrete using 53 grade ordinary Portland cement and
connections affects the constructability, stability, Fe 415 grade steel. All the supports are assumed as
strength, flexibility and residual forces in the restrained against translation and rotation.
structures. In addition, connections play a vital role in
the energy dissipation and load redistribution when
the structure is loaded. For Understanding the seismic
behaviour of connections, the experimental studies are
necessary as it gives the realistic response of the
structure. But Finite element modeling has gained
importance as experimental investigations through the
accurate analysis. The use of Finite element packages
to replicate the structural elements is quicker and cost
efficient. The most typically used column to
foundation connection in general are i) Column base Figure 2. Isometric view of Modelled Building
plate connection ii) Pocket foundation connection iii) B. Analysis Results
Grouted sleeve connection and iv) Mechanical splice The model has been analyzed and the details of
connection (Belleri and Riva,2011).This research will resultant shear force and bending moment diagram of
particularly focus on the behaviour of precast pocket building is shown in Figure 3 and 4. The mode
foundation connection is discussed in detail and is number and corresponding modal participating mass
shown in figure 1. ratios in Translational (X, Y and Z) and Rotational
(X, Y and Z) direction has been tabulated in Table 1.
Int J Adv Engg Tech/Vol. VII/Issue I/Jan.-March.,2016/214-218
Priya et al., International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology E-ISSN 0976-3945

The modal periods, frequency and circular frequency The first three fundamental mode shape of the
of the entire building has been tabulated in Table 2. building is shown in figure 5.

Figure 3. Shear Force Diagram Figure 4. Bending Moment Diagram


Table1. Modal Participating mass ratios
Mode UX UY UZ RX RY RZ
number Tran (%) Tran Tran (%) Rotn (%) Rotn Rotn
(%) (%) (%)
Mode 1 0.00 84.24 0.00 98.81 0.00 0.64
Mode 2 80.88 0.01 0.00 0.01 99.42 0.20
Mode 3 0.21 0.69 0.00 0.78 0.26 83.01
Mode 4 0.00 10.59 0.00 0.16 0.00 0.03
Mode 5 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 11.08
Mode 6 12.7 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00
Mode 7 0.00 3.56 0.00 0.24 0.00 0.00
Mode 8 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.95
Mode 9 4.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.29 0.01

Table 2. Modal Periods and Frequencies


Mode Period Frequency Circular Freq
Number (Time) (Cycles/Time) (Radians/Time)
Mode 1 0.79451 1.25863 7.90823
Mode 2 0.75471 1.32501 8.32526
Mode 3 0.70797 1.41250 8.87499
Mode 4 0.24630 4.06008 25.51022
Mode 5 0.21556 4.63911 29.14841
Mode 6 0.21398 4.67342 29.36397
Mode 7 0.13398 7.46355 46.89488
Mode 8 0.11357 8.80497 55.32326
Mode 9 0.10263 9.74369 61.22143

Mode 1 Mode 2

Mode 3
Figure 5. Mode shapes of the Building
II. DESIGN OF POCKET FOUNDATION column pockets is limited to situations where fairly
The precast concrete pad footing is most frequently large concrete pad footings can easily be established.
used in the industrial type building. The use of For pocket connections, either cast- in-situ or precast
Int J Adv Engg Tech/Vol. VII/Issue I/Jan.-March.,2016/214-218
Priya et al., International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology E-ISSN 0976-3945

type footings can be used (Martins et al.2009). The in- III. MODELING BY FINITE ELEMENT
situ concrete foundation is cast using a tapered box SOFTWARE
shutter to form the pocket. The gap between the A. General
pocket and the column should be at least 75 mm at the Finite element analysis (FEA) is a technique to
top of the pocket. The basic precast column simulate the loading condition on a design and verify
necessitate only additional links to resist bursting the design’s response to those circumstances. FEA is
pressures generated by end bearing forces, (Tasnimi, based on the idea of building a complicated object
1999) and a chemical retarder is needed to expose the with simple blocks, or dividing a complicated object
aggregate in the region of the pocket. To enhance the into small convenient pieces. The appliance of this
shear capacity along the vertical interfaces, the pocket sample idea can be found everywhere in everyday life
and the column can be provided with castellation. If as well as in engineering. In Finite element modeling
overturning moments are there, half of the skin (FEM), a complex domain is discretized in to
friction is conservatively disregarded due to probable elements of simple geometric shapes. The properties
cracking in all of the faces of the precast/ insitu and the governing relationships are implicit over these
periphery. The Ultimate load design considers vertical elements and articulated mathematically in terms of
load transfer by end bearing based on the potency of unknown values at definite points in the elements
the gross cross-sectional area of the reinforced called nodes. The assumed functions will generally be
column and equal area of non-shrinkable sand/cement interpolation or polynomial functions, which must
grout. satisfy the convergence conditions namely:
The depth of the pocket is governed by the bond  Must be continuous within the element.
length of the column reinforcement. This should be a  Must contain constant stress states.
full tension bond length if the column is designed at  Must contain rigid body displacement.
the balanced section. However it is most unlikely that The individual element in the system is linked by the
this will be the case in high storey frames and so assembly process. When the effect of loads and
strictly speaking one should calculate the actual boundary condition are considered, a set of linear or
tensile stress in the bar and provide a subsequent bond nonlinear algebraic equation is generally obtained.
length. To evade using very deep pockets when using In ANSYS, Solid 65 and LINK 8 element was used
large diameter bars it will be essential to provide a for the modelling of concrete, and reinforcement. The
hook to the bottom of the bar (FIB, 2003). The CONTACT 174 element was used to simulate the
minimum bond length, and hence pocket depth, bonding interface between pocket foundation and
should not be less than 12 times the bar diameter. precast column. All the structural properties of
The size of precast column is 300 mm X 300 mm and concrete and the reinforcement were suitably given in
the total socket depth and wall thickness is 500 mm the ANSYS software. The Modelling and Meshing of
and 125 mm. The strength of infill used for grouting Pocket foundations, Pre cast columns and the whole
is M30 Grade. The sectional view of pocket assembly of connections obtained from the finite
foundation and reinforcement detailing in column element software ANSYS is shown in the following
socket is shown in figure 6 and 7. figures from 8 to 13. The Modelling of pocket
foundation and Precast column is shown in figure 8
and 9.

Figure 6. Sectional view of pocket foundation


Figure 8. Modelling of Pocket foundation in ANSYS

Figure 7. Reinforcement detailing in column socket Figure 9. Modelling of Precast column in ANSYS
Int J Adv Engg Tech/Vol. VII/Issue I/Jan.-March.,2016/214-218
Priya et al., International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology E-ISSN 0976-3945

B. MESHING OF POCKET FOUNDATION


In FEA, an engineering configuration is divided into
small elements. These elements should agree with the
geometry of the structure and correspond to the
geometry and the mechanical properties in the
regions. It is better advisable to keep the elements size
smaller enough to succumb the good results and yet
largely reduces the computational time. In the place
where the results are changing rapidly (change in
geometry, sharp corners, etc.), the smaller elements
are desirable and if the results (deflection or stresses)
are relatively constant, the larger elements can be
used.
In ANSYS FEA programs have the facility of Figure 12. Loading arrangement of whole system in
ANSYS
automatically generating FEA mesh. In manual
IV. ANALYSIS OF POCKET FOUNDATION
meshing, we have to provide the type of element and
CONNECTION
its mechanical properties, loads and support condition.
After the pre processing techniques are done the next
Meshing of the whole arrangements was done in
stage is post processing that is analyzing the
ANSYS by giving the appropriate size of mesh and
connection against the given fixity and the loading
mesh generation of the whole assembly was shown in
case. In ANSYS the solution was done with the
figure 10.
present loading and fixity condition assuming that all
the loads are acted on the nodes and the results in
consideration with the nodal displacement and the
stresses in relation with vertical load and base shear.
The displacement diagram for the vertical load and
moment with base shear is shown in the figure 12 and
the stress distribution diagram for the base shear
vertical load and shear is given in figure 13.

Figure 10. Meshing of the whole assembly in ANSYS


C. LOADING AND SUPPORT CONDITION
Since the foundation was seated in the ground and
surrounded with soil mass the foundation was given
with the fixed support condition which is given in the
figure 11.

Figure 12. Displacement diagram for the vertical load


and moment with base shear

Figure 11. Fixing support condition to the foundation in


ANSYS
After fixing the support condition to the foundation
loading arrangement was given to the column. In Figure 13. Stress distribution diagram for the base shear
vertical load and moment
loading there are two types of loads, one is the vertical
V. CONCLUSION
load that acted vertically to the column and another
From the analysis of Precast column to Pocket
one is the earthquake loading that is acted horizontally
foundation connection by using ANSYS software the
along the connection of column and foundation in the
following observations are made as per resulting
ground level. The loads are taken from the design data
diagrams.
of the connection details. The loading arrangement to
the whole system is shown in the figure 12.

Int J Adv Engg Tech/Vol. VII/Issue I/Jan.-March.,2016/214-218


Priya et al., International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology E-ISSN 0976-3945

 Displacement corresponding to the vertical


load and moment is slightly lesser than the
base shear combination.
 Yielding of the specimen was initially starts
at the column top
 The value of displacement in the connection
of column and pocket is less when compared
to the displacement at top.
 It shows that the member is initially getting
yield before the connection yield.
 The stress distribution follows the same path
in the both vertical load and moment and the
base shear combination but the values are
slightly greater for base shear combination.
 The pocket depth and the thickness are
sufficient to withstand the base shear and the
failure of connection is avoided.
From the investigation, it is inferred that to enhance
the shear capacity along the vertical interfaces, the
pocket and the column can be provided with
castellation. If overturning moments are there, half of
the skin friction is conservatively ignored due to
possible cracking in all of the faces of the
precast/insitu periphery.
REFERENCES
[1] ANSYS Modelling and Meshing guide release 10.0
[2] ANSYS Theory reference release 5.6
[3] Belleri.A., and Riva p., 2012, “Seismic
Perfprmance and Retrofit of precast concrete
grouted sleeve connections”, PCI Journal,pp.97-
109.
[4] Blandon, J.J., and M.E. Rodriguez 2005, “
Behaviour of connections and Floor Diaphrgms in
Seismic Resisting Precast Concrete Buildings”,PCI
Journal, V.50,No.2(March -April):pp.56-75.
[5] Ehsan Noroozinejad Farsangi 2010,“ Connections
behaviour in Precast Concrete Structures Due to
seismic loading”, Gazi University Journal of
Science, 23(3), pp.315-325.
[6] FIB 2003, “Seismic Design of Precast Concrete
Building Structures. International Federation for
Structural Concrete”, Bulletin no.27, Lausanne,
Switzerland.
[7] IS 13920 -1993, “Ductile detailing of reinforced
concrete structures subjected to seismic forces -
Code of practice”.
[8] IS 1893-2002 Part 1, “Indian Standards Criteria for
Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures Part 1
General Provisions and Buildings”.
[9] IS 456-2000, “Indian Standards Plain and
Reinforced Concrete Code of Practice”, fourth
revision.
[10] Martins,R., F.Canha, M.K.EI Debs, K.de Borja
Jaguaribe Jr., and A.L. Homce de Cresce EI Debs.
2009, “Behaviour of Socket Base Connections
Emphasizing Pedestal walls”, ACI Structural
Journal, Vol.106, No.3 (May-June):pp.268-278.
[11] Osanai,Y.,F.Watanabe, and S.Okamato 1996,
“Stress Transfer Mechanism of Socket Base
Connections with Precast concrete column”,ACI
Structural journal, Vol.93,No.3(May-June),pp.1-11.
[12] Tasnimi .A.A,1999, “Seismic Behaviour of
Prefabricated Column-Footing Connection”,
International Journal of engineering, Vol.12, No.4,
pp.205-218.

Int J Adv Engg Tech/Vol. VII/Issue I/Jan.-March.,2016/214-218

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