Strength of Materials Page 1 of 9

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Engineering Formulae
Used Sheet Metal
Machines
Strength of Materials
Shear, Press Brake,
Bender, Cutter
Turret Punch Press,
etc from Japan Stress Pure Shear
www.usedmachinery.bz Strain Torsion Formula for Thin Walled Tubes
Hooke's Law Torsion Formula for Circular Shaft
Piosson's Ratio Flexure Formula
Unit Volume Change Shear Stress in Bending
Advertisers Elongation due to its Weight Thin Walled Hollow Members (Tubes)
Thin Rings Stress Concentration
Bhagavada Geeta Saar Strain Energy Curved Beam in Pure Bending
Translation of the Thin-walled Pressure vessels Bending of a Beam
Bhagavada Geeta. Mohr's Circle for Biaxial Stress
MfgTalk.com
All about Manufacturing

Mahagauri.com
Stress
Photos of Goddess
Durga .

where, σ=normal stress, or tensile stress, pa

P=force applied, N

A=cross-sectional area of the bar, m2

=shearing stress, P a

As=total area in shear, m2

Strain

where,

=tensile or compressive strain, m/m

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Strength of Materials Page 2 of 9

=total elongation in a bar, m

extreme
cantilever =original length of the bar, m
Seeking a method
for attaining
extreme cantilever
www.ideaken.com

Hooke's Law

Stress is proportional to strain

where,

E=proportionality constant called the elastic modulus or modulus of elasticity or

Young’s modulus, Pa

Piosson's Ratio

where,

v=Poisson’s ratio

=lateral strain

=axial strain

Unit Volume Chang e

where,

=change in volume

=original volume

=strain

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=Poisson’s ratio

Elongation due to its weight

where,

=total elongation in a material which hangs vertically under its own

weight

W=weight of the material

Thin Rings

where,

=Circumferential or hoop Stress

S=Circumferential or hoop tension

A=Cross-sectional area

=Circumferential strain

E=Young’s modulus

Strain Energy

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Strength of Materials Page 4 of 9

where,

U=total energy stored in the bar or strain energy

P=tensile load

=total elongation in the bar

L=original length of the bar

A=cross-sectional area of the bar

E=Young’s modulus

U=strain energy per unit volume

Thin Walled Pressure vessels

where,

=normal or circumferential or hoop stress in cylindrical vessel, P

=normal or circumferential or hoop stress in spherical vessel, P

longitudinal stress around the circumference

P=internal pressure of cylinder, Pa

r=internal radius, m

t=thickness of wall, m

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Strength of Materials Page 5 of 9

Mohr's Circle for Biaxial Stress

Pure Shear

where,

=Shearing Stress, Pa

=Shearing Strain or angular deformation

G=Shear modulus, P a

E=Young’s modulus, Pa

V=Poisson’s ratio

Torsion formula for Thin wa lled tubes

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Strength of Materials Page 6 of 9

where,

=maximum shearing stress, Pa

=Shearing stress at any point a distance x from the centre of a

section

r=radius of the section, m

d=diameter of a solid circular shaft, m

=polar moment of ine rtia of a cross-sectional area, m4

T=resisting torque, N-m

N= rpm of shaft

P=power, kW

=angle of twist, radian

L=length of shaft, m

G=shear modulus, P a

d o=outer diameter of hollow s haft, m

di=inner diameter of hollow shaft, m

and

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Strength of Materials Page 7 of 9

Torsion formula for Circular Shafts

where,

=I p, polar moment of inertia for thin-walled tubes

r=mean radius

t=wall thickness

Flexure Formula

where,

=Stress on any point of cross-section at distance y from the

neutral axis

=stress at outer fibre of the beam

c=distance measured from the neutral axis to the most remote fibre of the be

I=moment of inertia of the cross-sectional area about the centroidal axis

Shear Stress In Bending

where,

F=Shear force

Q=statistical moment about the neutral axis of the cross-section

b=width

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Strength of Materials Page 8 of 9

I=moment of inertia of the cross-sectional area about the Centroidal axis.

Thin-Walled Hollow Members (Tubes)

where, =shearing stress at any point of a blue

t=thickness of tube

q=shear flow

T=applied torque

R=distance between a reference point and segment ds

Π=angle of twist of a hollow tube

Stress Concentration

Curved Beam in Pur e Bending

where, =normal stress

M=bending moment

dA=cross-sectional area of an element

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r=distance of curved surface from the centre of curvature

A=cross-sectional area of beam

R=distance of neutral axis from the centre of curvature

R1=distance of centroidal axis from the centre of curvature

Bending of a Beam

(a) Bending of a Beam Supported at Both Ends

(b) Bending of a Beam Fixed at one end

where, d= bending displacement, m

F=force applied, N

I=length of the beam, m

a=width of beam, m

b=thickness of beam, m

Y=Young’s modulus, N/m 2

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