Signals & Systems (Fourier Series)

Continuous Time Fourier Series

1. A signal x(t)=sin(10  t) is applied to the system whose output is y(t)=sgn [x(t)]. Then the
harmonics that are present in y(t) are _______

(a) even (b) odd

(c) both even & odd (d) no harmonics

2. If dn is coefficient of F.S in polar form and ‘ Cn ’ is the coefficient of F.S in exponential form,
then the relationship between dn & Cn is

2
(a) dn  Cn (b) dn  Cn
2
(c) dn  2 Cn (d) dn  2 Cn

3. Determine the correctness of the following Assertion [a] and Reason [r].
Assertion: The Fourier series expansion of the square wave contains only cosine terms.
Reason: The wave is an even function.

(a) Both [a] and [r] are true and [r] is the correct reason for [a]
(b) Both [a] and [r] are true but [r] is not the correct reason for [a]
(c) Both [a] and [r] are false
(d) Both [a] and [r] are true

4. For the function shown below. The Fourier series will have

(a) Odd sine harmonics only

(b) Even sine harmonics only
(c) Both odd & even sine harmonics
(d) Dc term+all sine harmonics

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 Signals & Systems (Fourier Series)

5. If x1 (t) and x2 (t) are both periodic signals with equal periodicity of 10 seconds. The
Fourier coefficient of the signal x1 (t) * x2 (t) is

Cn(1)Cn(2)
(a) (b) 5Cn(1)Cn(2)
10
(c) Cn(1)Cn(2) (d) 10Cn(1)Cn(2)
n
1
6. The Fourier coefficient of the signal x(t) is given as Cn  j   . The Fourier coefficient of
4
the conjugate signal x * (t) is

n n
1 1
(a)  j   (b)  j  
4 4
(c) j(4)n (d)  j(4)n

7. The exponential Fourier series coefficient for the periodic signal shown in the figure is

1 
(a) 1  2e jn0  e0.5 jn0 
j2n0  
1 
(b) 1  2e jn0  e0.5 jn0 
jn0  
1 
(c) 1  2e jn0  e0.5 jn0 
2 jn0  
1 
(d) 2  2e jn0  e0.5 jn0 
2 jn0  

8. Two discrete time periodic signals with fundamental periods N1  4 and N2  6 are
convolved in time domain. The Fourier coefficients of its resultant signal is

(a) 6Ck dk (b) 4 Ck dk

(c) 12 Ck dk (d) 10 Ck dk

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 Signals & Systems (Fourier Series)

9. The trigonometric Fourier series coefficients of a periodic signal x(t) shown in figure will
have only

(a) dc term, sine terms

(b) sine terms, cosine terms where dc term = 0
(c) dc term, sine terms, cosine terms
(d) None of the above

10. Consider two periodic signal x1 (t) and x2 (t) , these signal can be represented in term of
 2 
100 jk  t
linear combination of complex exponential as: if x1 (t)  
k 100
cos(k )e  50 
and
 2 
100 jk   t
x2 (t)  
k 100
jsin(k )e  50 
, then which of the following option is true

(a) x1 (t) is real and even

(b) x2 (t) is real and even
(c) x1 (t) and x2 (t) are real and even
(d) x2 (t) is imaginary and odd

 
11. The sinusoidal signal x(t)  5cos  200t   is passed through a square law device
 6
defined by the input relation y(t)  x 2 (t) . The DC component in signal is _______.

12. Determine the DC value and second harmonic components of the signal given as
1  sin 0 t  2cos 0 t  cos(20 t   / 4)
1 1
(a) 0,  (1  i) (b) 0, (1  j)
2 2 2 2
1 1
(c) 1, (1  i) (d) 1, (1  i)
2 2 2

13. The Fourier series coefficient of signal x(t) is Ck , then what will be Fourier series
coefficient of the signal x(0.5t)+x(t-0.5)+x*(-2t)?


(a) Ck e  e j0.5k  0.5Ck  
(b) Ck 2  e j0.5k  0.5Ck 
(c) Ck 1  e  j0.5k
  0.5C *
k (d) Ck 1  e  j0.5k
C *
k

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 Signals & Systems (Fourier Series)

14. Which of the following signal cannot have Fourier series expression?

(a) x(t)  2cost 3cos3t (b) x(t)  2cos  t 7cost

(c) x(t)  cost 0.5 (d) x(t)  2 cos1.5t  sin3.5t

15. The Fourier series of a real periodic function has any

P. cosine terms if t is even Q. sine terms if it is even

R. cosine terms if It Is odd S. sine terms if it is odd
Which of the above statements are correct?

(a) P and S (b) P and R

(c) Q and S (d) Q and R

16. Determine the Fourier series Coefficient.

A
(a) 1  ( 1)k
k
A
(b) 1  ( 1)k
k
A
(c) 1  ( 1)k
jk
A
(d) 1  ( 1)k
jk

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 Signals & Systems (Fourier Series)

Solutions
1 Ans: (b)
Solution:

4
Output is a square wave (odd function) with coefficient for n=1,3,5,7……..
n
So only odd harmonics are present

2. Ans: (c)
dn  an2  bn2  2 cn
an  jbn
Because, cn 
2

3. Ans: (c)
Solution:

For square wave shown above bn=0

 2A
 , n=1,5,9
 n
 2A
And an   , n=3,7,11
 n
 0 , n=2,4,6


So, It will contains only cosine terms only when wave is an even function

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 Signals & Systems (Fourier Series)

4. Ans: (a)
Solution: Since function is odd a0  aa  0

  
1 2 1 2   cosnx  1
bn  
 
f(n)sinnx dx  
04
sinnx dx    
4   n  0 2n 
1  cosn 

0 , n is even

bn   1
 , n is odd
 n
so, only odd sine harmonics.

5. Ans: (d)
Solution: When x1 (t  T)  x(t) and x2 (t  T)  x2 (t) then by Convolution Theorem
x1 (t) * x2 (t) 
F.S.
 TCn(1)Cn(2)

6. Ans: (a)
Solution: If x(t) 
F.S.
 Cn
F.S.
Then x* (t)   C*n
n
1
C*n   j 
4
8  n 
an  sin   ,
n  2 
For third harmonic put n=3
8 3  8 
a3  sin  
3 2  3 

7. Ans: (c)
1 0  t  0.5

Solution: x(t)   , T  2  0  
2
 0.5  t  1
 0.5 1 
T 0.5 1
1 1   1  e 0 
 jn t  e jn0t  
Cn   x(t)e jn0tdt    1e jn0tdt   2e jn0tdt      2  
T0 2  0     jn t  
0.5  2   jn0 t 0   0 0.5 

1  e jn0 0.5  1  2 e jn0  e j0.5n0   1  e jn0 0.5  2e jn0  1
Cn 
2 jn0 
   
 2 jn 
0

1 
Cn  1  2e jn0  e0.5 jn0 
2 jn0  

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 Signals & Systems (Fourier Series)

8. Ans: (c)
Solution: The convolved signal will have the periodicity of N  3  4  2  6  12 . So the
resulting Fourier coefficients would be=N Ck dk where Ck dk are Fourier series coefficient of
the signal x1 (n), x2 (n) respectively.

9. Ans: (a)
Solution: Since the waveform has a hidden symmetry the above signal can be split into an
odd signal shifted by DC level

Thus DC term and sine terms will be the only signal present

10. Ans: (a)

Solution: Since the Fourier series coefficient of real and even signal are real and even.

11. Ans: 12.5

 
Solution: y(t)  52 cos2  200t  
 6
   
 1  cos 2  200t   
 6   25 25  
y(t)  52    cos  400t  
2 2 2  3

12. Ans: (b)

cos20t sin20t
Solution: 1  sin 0 t  2cos 0t  
2 2
e j0t  e j0t  e j0t  e j0t  1  e j20t  e j20t  1  e j20t  e j20t 
1  2     
2j 

2 
 2 

2 
 2 

2 j 

 1  j0t  1 1 1
 1   1   e   1   e j0t  (1  j)e j20t  (1  j)e j20t
 2j  2j 2 2 2
1 1
Hence, DC value= a0  1 , 2nd harmonics 20  (1  j), (1  j)
2 2 2 2

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 Signals & Systems (Fourier Series)

13. Ans: (d)

Solution: Time scaling won’t affect Fourier series coefficient
x(t)  Ck
x( t)  Ck
x( t)  Ck
x* (t)  C*k
x* ( t)  C*k
 jt0k
x(t  t0 )  e Ck

 
x(0.5 t)  x(t 0.5)  x * ( 2 t)  Ck 1  e j0.5k  C*k

14. Ans: (b)

2 2 T 1
Solution: x(t)  2 cos  t  7 cost, T1   2, T2   2, 1   irrtional
 1 T2 
x(t) is not periodic and does not satisfy Dirichlet condition.

15. Ans: (a)

Solution: The Fourier series of a real periodic function has cosine terms if it is even, sine
terms if it odd

16. Ans: (c)

2
Solution: From the given figure, T=2, 0  
2
A 1  t  0
x(t)  
A 0  t 1
T
1 2  jk t
Ck     x(t)e 0 dt
T
  T
2
1 0 1
1 1  A
Ck     x(t)e
 2  1
 jkt
dt    A e
2  1
 jkt
dt  A  e jktdt   
1  e jk  e jk  1 
 jk
 
0

A A
Ck 
jk
1  e jk  
jk

1  ( 1)k 

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 Signals & Systems (Fourier Series)

We recommend you to take the Chapter Test first and then check
the Solutions.

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 Signals & Systems (Fourier Series)

Chapter Test Solutions

1. Ans: (c)
Solution: Since only cosine terms are present i.e. even signal
And For half wave symmetry signal coefficient an contains terms with odd ‘n’.
6  n 
an  sin2   => an =0 for n=2,4,6............
n  2 
Hence signal is even and half wave symmetric.

2. Ans: (d)
 
jn0t
Solution: x(t)   Cne
n
 
n
Cne jnt

x(t)  je jt  je jt  e j3t  e j3t

x(t)  2 cos(3t)  2 sin( t)

3. Ans: (b)
Solution: T0  2
T0 2
1 1 A A
a0 
T0  x(t)dt 
0
2 0 2tdt  2
 2   t sin(0 t) 0 T0 A sin 0 t 
T0 T0 T
2 2 A
a1 
T0 0 2 t cos(0 t)dt   T0   0
0 x(t)cos(0 t)dt  T0 
2 
0

  0 0 0

2 A
T0
 A   cos(0 t)
T0 T0
cos(0 t)   A   T0  A
2

b1   t sin(0 t)dt     t  dt      

T0 0 2  T0   0 0
0   T0    2  
0 
A A
d1  a12  b12  b1  
 

4. Ans: (c)
Solution: Non periodic signal will not have Fourier series. Since(1) and (2) both are non
periodic, they will not have Fourier series.

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 Signals & Systems (Fourier Series)

5. Ans: 9
 
Solution: x(t)  3sin  75t  
 7
    
  1  cos 2  75t    
 2        7   
y(t)  2 9 sin  75t    3sin  75t     2 9  3sin  75t  
 7  7    2   7 
    
   
     
y(t)  9  9 cos 2  75t    3sin  75t   
  7  7 
Thus, DC component is 9.

6. Ans: (a)
Solution: T0  4
T0 4
1 1
a0 
T0  x(t)dt 
0
4 0
x(t)dt  0
T0
4 
1 3 4
2
an 
T0  x(t)cos(n0 t)dt    cos(n0 t)dt   cos(n0 t)dt   cos(n0 t)dt 
40
0 1 3 
  n  
1
 n  
3
 n  
4

 sin  t  sin  t  sin  t  

an    2    2    2     8  sin  n 
n n n     
   n   2 
 2 2 2 
 0 1 3 

b1  0 ( x(t) is an even function )

The Fourier series representation for the above signal is

f(t)   an cos(n 0 t)


7. Ans: (d)
10 2 2
Solution: x(t)  t for  1  t  1 and T0  2 => 0   
1 T0 2
Since the signal has equal amount of positive and negative excursions along the vertical axis,
its average value a0  0
Since this is an odd signal, all an  0

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 Signals & Systems (Fourier Series)

T
1 1 1
2 2
2 cosn  t cosn  t
bn 
T T x(t)sin(n 0 )tdt  2 1 10t sin(n 0 t)dt  10t n 0 0  101 n 0 0 dt
 1
2

  cosn 0 cosn 0  1 1 
bn  10     sinn 0 t 1 
  n 0 n 0  (n 0 )2

Since 0  
 2cosn 1 
bn  10   2 2 [2sinn ]
 n n 
20 20
bn  ( 1)n  ( 1)n1
n n
20  ( 1)n1
x(t)  
 n1 n
sin(n 0 t)

8. Ans: (b)
(1  cos100 t)
Solution: x(t)  10 sin2 (50  t)cos(100  t)  10 cos(100 t)
2
 1 1  5 5
x(t)  5(cos100 t  cos2 100 t)  5 cos100 t   cos 200  t     5cos100t  cos 200t
 2 2  2 2
Fourier coefficient
5 5
a0   ,a1  5,a2 
2 2
2
 5 
2  
 5  5 2
2
Power=      
 2  2 2
P=21.75W

9. Ans: (c)
2 j j nkt    j nkt 
Solution: bn 
TT x(t)(sin 0 nkt)dt    x(t)( e 0 )dt     x(t)( e 0 )dt   j(Cn  Cn )
T T  T 
10. Ans: (c)
Solution: For x(t) to be real ak  a*k
Which is not true, thus the signal is not real
For x(t) to be even ak  ak
Which is true.
d F.S.
Now, x(t)   Ck
dt

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 Signals & Systems (Fourier Series)

 2 
Ck   jk.  .a
 T  k
And Ck  Ck
dx(t)
Thus is an odd signal.
dt

11. Ans: 2
Solution: The standard representation of complex Fourier series of signal f(t) is given as

f(t)  
n
(Cn )e jn t
0


3
Given that, f(t)   4  (n )
n
2
e jnt

Comparing we get
0    2f0  
1
f0  => T0  2 Or T=2
2

12. Ans: 6.45 to 6.49

Solution: At n=3, one component of f(t) is
3 3
f1 (t)  e j3t  cos3t  jsin3t 
4  (3)2
4  (3)2 
Similarly at n=-3, another component of f(t) is

3 3
f2 (t)  e j3t  cos3t  jsin3t 
4  (3) 2
4  (3)2 
3 6
f1 (t)  f2 (t)  2. cos3t  cos3t
4  (3) 2
4  (3)2
Comparing with A cos3t , we have,
6
A  6.46  10 2
4  9 2

13. Ans: (c)

T T
1 2 1 4
Solution: Ck     x(t)e jkot dt     A.e jkot dt
 T  T  T  T
2 4
   
T  jk   jk  
 A   e jkot  4 Ae 2
Ae 2  A   
Ck      jk    jk2    sin  k 
 T     k  2 
o  jk2 
T 4

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 Signals & Systems (Fourier Series)

14. Ans: (d)

Solution: f(t) + f(-t) = 0=> f(t) = -f(-t)
f is odd function
f(t) = f (-t)
f(t) is an even function
The D.C and cosine terms can exist in Fourier series of f(t)
f(t) + f (t- T ) = 0 => f (t- T ) = -f(t)
2 2
f(t) is an half wave symmetry
Odd harmonics can exist
f(t) = f(t- T )
2
Even harmonics exist

15. Ans: (b)

Solution: f(x)  cos x =even function
a0
f(x)    an . cosnx
2
b2  0

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