Social Psychology Questions Submitted by: Patrick Joshua D.

Fulleros
BS Psyc 3-4
Source:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1HBWQlfKUY0RgiGiJLNIqgDtmhgQlrIrO/view?fbclid=IwAR0
JLlhuNU1eg_SzgWLiMrhJF30xSr1qMv6Pt9IslfvRiOJv-BReruBcYcE

1.) A favorable or unfavorable evaluative reaction towards something or someone often

rooted from one’s beliefs and exhibited in one’s feelings and intended behavior.
a.) Moral b.) Attitude c.) Emotions d.) Love
- b.) Attitude, as the rest of the answers doesn’t immediately imply reactive behavior outward
self, attitude however always have a visible reactive behavior, either positive or negative
outward self.
Source: Chapter 4: Behavior and Attitudes, Page 124 on the slide, Page 149 on the PDF file.
2.) A newer and widely used attitude measure that uses reaction times to measure how
quickly people associate concepts.
a.) AIT b.) TIA c.) IAT d.) None of the above
- c.) IAT, IAT stands for implicit association test, a computer-driven assessment of implicit
attitudes. The test uses reaction times to measure people’s automatic associations between
attitude objects and evaluative words. Easier pairings (and faster responses) are taken to indicate
stronger unconscious associations.
Source: Chapter 4: Behavior and Attitudes, Page 126 on the slide, Page 151 on the PDF file.
3.) A set of norms that defines how people in a given social position ought to behave.
a.) Role b.) Place c.) Level d.) Hierarchy
- a.) Role, The word role is borrowed from the theater and, as in the theater, refers to actions
expected of those who occupy a particular social position.
Source: Chapter 4: Behavior and Attitudes, Page 132 on the slide, Page 157 on the PDF file.
4.) The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a
larger request.
a.) Hand-on-the-window phenomenon b.) Hair-on-the-dryer phenomenon
c.) Legs-on-the-eggs phenomenon d.) Foot-on-the-door phenomenon
- d.) Foot-on-the-door phenomenon, researchers posing as drive-safely volunteers asked
Californians to permit the installation of huge, poorly lettered “Drive Carefully” signs in their
front yards. Only 17 percent consented. Others were first approached with a small request:
Would they display three-inch “Be a safe driver” window signs? Nearly all readily agreed. When
approached two weeks later to allow the large, ugly signs in their front yards, 76 percent
consented (Freedman & Fraser, 1966). One project helper who went from house to house later
recalled that, not knowing who had been previously visited, “I was simply stunned at how easy it
was to convince some people and how impossible to convince others” (Ornstein,
1991). other researchers have confirmed the foot-in-the-door phenomenon with altruistic
behaviors.
Source: Chapter 4: Behavior and Attitudes, Page 134 on the slide, Page 159 on the PDF file.
5.) A tactic for getting people to agree to something. People who agree to an initial request
will often still comply when the requester ups the ante. People who receive only the costly
request are less likely to comply with it.
a.) Low-ball technique b.) High-ball technique
c.) Left-ball technique d.) Right-ball technique
- a.) Low-ball technique, Cialdini and his collaborators (1978) explored a variation of the foot-in-
the-door phenomenon by experimenting with the low-ball technique, a tactic reportedly used by
some car dealers. After the customer agrees to buy a new car because of its bargain price and
begins completing the sales forms, the salesperson removes the price advantage by charging for
options or by checking with a boss who disallows the deal because “we’d be losing money.”
Folklore has it that more low-balled customers now stick with the higher-priced purchase than
would have agreed to it at the outset. Airlines and hotels use the tactic by attracting inquiries
with great deals available on only a few seats or rooms, then hoping the customer will agree to a
higher-priced option. Cialdini and his collaborators found that this technique indeed works.
Source: Chapter 4: Behavior and Attitudes, Page 135 on the slide, Page 160 on the PDF file.
6.) “A trifling _______ can whittle down one’s moral sensitivity, making it easier to
perform a worse act”
a.) Happy act b.) Benevolent act c.) Evil act d.) Sneaky act
- c.) Evil act, as stated in the passage on source.
Source: Chapter 4: Behavior and Attitudes, Page 136 on the slide, Page 161 on the PDF file.
7.) Students who initially perceived themselves as killing several bugs, by dropping them in
this apparent killing machine, later killed an increased number of bugs during a self-paced
killing period.
a.) Legendary perception b.) Rampage infusion
c.) Kira sense d.) Killing begets killing
- d.) Killing begets killing, to simulate the “killing begets killing” process, Andy Martens and his
collaborators (2007) asked University of Arizona students to kill some bugs. They wondered:
Would killing initial bugs in a “practice” trial increase students’ willingness to kill more bugs
later? To find out, they asked some students to look at one small bug in a container, then to dump
it into the coffee grinding machine shown in Figure 4.5 , and then to press the “on” button for 3
seconds. (No bugs were actually killed. An unseen stopper at the base of the insert tube
prevented the bug from actually entering the opaque killing machine, which had torn bits of
paper to simulate the sound of a killing.) Others, who initially killed five bugs (or so they
thought), went on to “kill” significantly more bugs during an ensuing 20-second period.
Source: Chapter 4: Behavior and Attitudes, Page 137 on the slide, Page 162 on the PDF file.
8.) Tension that arises when one is simultaneously aware of two inconsistent cognitions.
a.) Cognitive incongruence b.) Cognitive dissonance
c.) Cognitive imperfection d.) Cognitive assonance
- b.) Cognitive dissonance, it assumes that we feel tension, or a lack of harmony (“dissonance”),
when two simultaneously accessible thoughts or beliefs (“cognitions”) are psychologically
inconsistent. Festinger argued that to reduce this unpleasant arousal, we often adjust our
thinking. This simple idea, and some surprising predictions derived from it, have spawned more
than 2,000 studies (Cooper, 1999). Dissonance theory pertains mostly to discrepancies between
behavior and attitudes. We are aware of both. Thus, if we sense some inconsistency, perhaps
some hypocrisy, we feel pressure for change. That helps explain why British and U.S. cigarette
smokers have been much less likely than nonsmokers to believe that smoking is dangerous (Eiser
& others, 1979; Saad, 2002).
Source: Chapter 4: Behavior and Attitudes, Page 141 on the slide, Page 166 on the PDF file.
9.) Reduction of dissonance by internally justifying one’s behavior when external
justification is “insufficient”.
a.) Insufficient dissonance b.) Reduction justification
c.) Insufficient justification d.) Reduction dissonance
- c.) Insufficient justification, Dissonance theory predicts that when our actions are not fully
explained by external rewards or coercion, we will experience dissonance, which we can reduce
by believing in what we have done.
Source: Chapter 4: Behavior and Attitudes, Page 143 on the slide, Page 168 on the PDF file.
10.) The theory that when we are unsure of our attitudes, we infer them much as would
someone observing us, by looking at our behavior and the circumstances under which it
occurs.
a.) Self-perception theory b.) Self-behaving theory
c.) Observation theory d.) Self-inference theory
- a.) Self-perception theory, (proposed by Daryl Bem, 1972) assumes that we make similar
inferences when we observe our own behavior. When our attitudes are weak or ambiguous, we
are in the position of someone observing us from the outside. Hearing myself talk informs me of
my attitudes; seeing my actions provides clues to how strong my beliefs are. This is especially so
when I can’t easily attribute my behavior to external constraints. The acts we freely commit are
self-revealing.
Source: Chapter 4: Behavior and Attitudes, Page 146 on the slide, Page 171 on the PDF file.
11.) When people do something they enjoy, without reward or coercion, they attribute their
behavior to their love of the activity.
a.) Intrinsic motivation b.) Extrinsic motivation
c.) Expulsive motivation d.) Impulsive motivation
- a.) Intrinsic motivation, when people do something they enjoy, without reward or coercion,
they attribute their behavior to their love of the activity. External rewards undermine intrinsic
motivation by leading people to attribute their behavior to the incentive.
Source: Chapter 4: Behavior and Attitudes, Page 149 on the slide, Page 174 on the PDF file.
12.) The result of bribing people to do what they already like doing; they may then see their
actions as externally controlled rather than intrinsically appealing.
a.) Underjustification effect b.) Overjustification effect
c.) Justification effect d.) Bribery
- b.) Overjustification effect, Self-perception theory goes a step further. Contrary to the notion
that rewards always increase motivation, it suggests that unnecessary rewards can have a hidden
cost. Rewarding people for doing what they already enjoy may lead them to attribute their action
to the reward.
Source: Chapter 4: Behavior and Attitudes, Page 148 on the slide, Page 178 on the PDF file.
13.) A theory that says that people often experience a self-image threat, after engaging in
an undesirable behavior; and they can compensate by affirming another aspect of the self.
a.) Mirror image theory b.) Illusionist theory
c.) Self-reflective theory d.) Self-affirmation theory
- d.) Self-affirmation theory, Why is “volunteering” to say or do undesirable things so arousing?
Because, suggests Claude Steele’s (1988) self-affirmation theory, such acts are embarrassing.
They make us feel foolish. They threaten our sense of personal competence and goodness.
Justifying our actions and decisions is therefore self-affirming; it protects and supports our sense
of integrity and self-worth. And when people engage in dissonance-generating actions—
uncoerced counterattitudinal actions—their thinking left frontal lobes buzz with extra arousal
(Harmon-Jones & others, 2008).
Source: Chapter 4: Behavior and Attitudes, Page 151 on the slide, Page 176 on the PDF file.
14.) Our political rituals, the daily flag salute by schoolchildren, singing the national
anthem, use ____________ to build private allegiance.
a.) Public conformity b.) Public behavior
c.) Public trusts d.) Public sharing
- a.) Public conformity, as stated in the passage on the source.
Source: Chapter 4: Behavior and Attitudes, Page 139 on the slide, Page 164 on the PDF file.
15.) Big decisions can produce big ___________ when one later ponders the negative
aspects of what is chosen and the positive aspects of what was not chosen.
a.) Behaviors b.) Assonance c.) Understanding d.) Dissonance
- d.) Dissonance, as stated in the passage on the source.
Source: Chapter 4: Behavior and Attitudes, Page 144 on the slide, Page 169 on the PDF file.