HOLY CHILD SCHOOL, PANCHKULA

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
CLASS XII QUESTION BANK

1 What do you understand by database Normalization?

1 Database normalization is the process of organizing the rows and columns of the tables in such way
that it should reduce the data redundancy and complexity of data and improves the integrity of data.

2 What are the advantages of DBMS?

2 1. Reduction in Redundancy.
2. Improved Consistency
3. Improve Availability
4. Improved Security
5. User Friendly
Explanation is given in the book page no.4.
3 Explain disadvantage / Limitations of using DBMS.
3 Page 4 & 5- Limitations of using database approach
4 a. The number of attribute in a relation is called the Degree of a relation.
b. A column is called an Attribute.
c. A row is called a Tuple.
d. A table is called a Relation.
e. The data type of values in each column is called the Domain.
f. The number of rows in a relation is called the Cardinality of a relation.
Learn page 5 & 6 thoroughly.
5 What are the Constraints? Explain with example.
5 Constraints are restrictions on the values, stored in a database based on the requirements. For example, in the
relation EMPLOYEE, the Employee_ID must be a 4 digit number, the Date_of_Birth must be such that the birth
year>1995.
6. Write a command in SQL for:
a. To create a table Teacher : CREATE TABLE Teacher;
b. To delete a table Student : DROP Table Student;
c. To set the default salary as 40000 : Salary DECIMAL(10,2) DEFAULT 40000
7 In order to restrict the values of an attribute within a range, which key constraint is to be used.
7 CHECK key constraint is to be to restrict the values of an attribute within a range.
8 Which command is used to eliminate duplicate values of an attribute in the select query?
8 DISTINCT command is used to eliminate duplicate values of an attribute in the select query.
9 Which command is used to delete the structure of the table? DROP TABLE
10 What is meant by e-Governance? Answer is on page no.56
11 Name any two :
a. e-governance sites : www.india.gov.in and www.goidirectory.nic.in
b. e-learning sites : www.udacity.org and www.w3schools.com
c. Online shopping sites : www.flipcart.com and www.amazon.in
d. e- reservation sites : www.irctc.nic.in and www.yatra.com
12. What are the advantages of e-Governance? Pageno 56

13. Define E-commerce? Explain its Advantages and disadvantages.

13 E-Commerce or Electronic Commerce means buying and selling of goods, products, or services over the
internet. E-commerce is also known as electronic commerce or internet commerce. These services
provided online over the internet network. Transaction of money, funds, and data are also considered as
E-commerce. These business transactions can be done in four ways: Business to Business (B2B), Business
to Customer (B2C), Customer to Customer (C2C), Customer to Business (C2B).

The standard definition of E-commerce is a commercial transaction which is happened over the internet.
Online stores like Amazon, Flipkart, Shopify, Myntra, Ebay, Quikr, Olx are examples of E-commerce
websites.
 Advantages of E-Commerce
 E-commerce provides the sellers with a global reach. They remove the barrier of place
(geography). Now sellers and buyers can meet in the virtual world, without the hindrance of
location.
 Electronic commerce will substantially lower the transaction cost. It eliminates many fixed costs of
maintaining brick and mortar shops. This allows the companies to enjoy a much higher margin of
profit.
 It provides quick delivery of goods with very little effort on part of the
customer. Customer complaints are also addressed quickly. It also saves time, energy and effort
for both the consumers and the company.
 One other great advantage is the convenience it offers. A customer can shop 24×7. The website is
functional at all times, it does not have working hours like a shop.
 Electronic commerce also allows the customer and the business to be in touch directly, without
any intermediaries. This allows for quick communication and transactions. It also gives a valuable
personal touch.
Disadvantages of E-Commerce
 The start-up costs of the e-commerce portal are very high. The setup of the hardware and the
software, the training cost of employees, the constant maintenance and upkeep are all quite
expensive.
 Although it may seem like a sure thing, the e-commerce industry has a high risk of failure
 At times, e-commerce can feel impersonal. So it lacks the warmth of an interpersonal relationship
which is important for many brands and products. This lack of a personal touch can be a
disadvantage for many types of services and products like interior designing or the jewelry
business.
 Security is another area of concern. Only recently, we have witnessed many security breaches
where the information of the customers was stolen. Credit card theft, identity theft etc. remain big
concerns with the customers.
 Then there are also fulfillment problems. Even after the order is placed there can be problems
with shipping, delivery, mix-ups etc. This leaves the customers unhappy and dissatisfied.

14 What is a Project? Explain its characteristics.

14 Answer is on Page 69.
15. What is online Reservation System? Give Examples. Answer is on Page 48
16. What precautions should be taken while doing Online Transaction? Answer is on Page 50
17. Explain main phases of Web Application Development. Answer is on Page 70 & 71.
18. What are the advantages of e-learning? Answer is on Page 65.
19 Consider the following Employee Table: Page No. 46 Q1.
Learn All Queries from Page no. 33 to 45 and solve Q17 given above.
20. Explain any three modes of payment in online Transactions.
21 What are comments? In how many ways comment can be written in Java? Explain. Answer is on page no. 85
22. All Java statements must end with a Semicolon(;).
23. Why is Java known as a Platform independent language?
23 Platform independent language means once compiled you can execute the program on
any platform (OS). Java is platform independent because the Java compiler converts the source
code to bytecode, which is Intermidiate Language. Bytecode can be executed on any platform (OS)
using JVM( Java Virtual Machine).
24 Describe how Database management applications can be used in the Banking Sector?
24 Database management systems are specifically designed for the storage and retrieval of (large
amounts of) data. Banks handle large amounts of data. A DBMS enables them to store that data,
operate on it, and retrieve it when needed, fast enough for their and their customer's needs.
Banks store their customer information and balances in a database, you can use any branch for
deposits and withdrawals. Databases allow more flexibility because they are in a digital format.