NAME: ABEER BIN ATIF

ROLL# 40

TOPIC : ROLE DIFFERENTION IN POLITICAL STRUCTURE

Government:
A group of people that governs a community or unit. It sets and administers public policy

and exercises executive, political and sovereign power through customs, institutions,

and laws within a state.

Branch Of Government :

 Lagislative
 Executive
 Judicial

Lagislative Branch:
The bicameral federal legislature consists of the Senate (upper house) and National
Assembly (lower house). According to Article 50 of the Constitution, the National
Assembly, the Senate and the President together make up a body known as the Council
Of Adviser

Senate:

The Senate is a permanent legislative body with equal representation from each of the
four provinces, elected by the members of their respective provincial assemblies. The
chairman of the Senate, under the constitution, is next in line to act as president should
the office become vacant and until such time as a new president can be formally
elected. Both the Senate and the National Assembly can initiate and pass legislation
except for finance bills. Only the National Assembly can approve the federal budget and
all finance bills. In the case of other bills, the president may prevent passage unless the
legislature in joint sitting overrules the president by a majority of members of both
houses present and voting.

National Assembly:

National Assembly keeps as check over the Executive and ensures that the
government functions within the parameters set out in the Constitution and does not
violate the fundamental rights of citizens. the power to make laws for the peace, order
and good governance of the Federation

Provincial Assembly:

Pakistan is subdivided into 4 provinces, 2 territories, and 1 capital territory. Each

province has a Provincial Assembly, a directly elected legislature. Members are elected
for five-year terms. Each Assembly elects a Chief Minister, who then selects the
ministers of his or her cabinet. The terms and conditions of service, including
recruitment policy, eligibility for appointment to a post, rank, status, seniority,
promotion, termination of service, conduct, efficiency, discipline, pay, leave,
superannuation, pension, gratuity, provident fund, benevolent fund, group insurance,
right of appeal or representation and other privileges of an employee, shall be governed
by the provisions for the time being in force and applicable to the employees holding
corresponding posts in the Provincial Secretariat

Executive Branch:
Prime Minister:

The Prime Minister Of the Pakistan is the head of Government Of Pakistan, Who lead
the executive class of government the prime minister was elected by the vote of
National Assembly, The Prime Minister was assisted by fadreal cabinet. His duty is to
control the rising price of goods. He is the responsible for making the policies for the
Government Of Pakistan. He should present Pakistan international platform . He should
be active to give answer to opposition party

President of Pakistan:

President of Pakistan is the head of state of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan.

According to the Constitution of Pakistan, the President has "powers, subject to
Supreme Court approval or veto, to dissolve the National Assembly, triggering new
elections, and thereby dismissing the Prime Minister". the President, is elected by the
Electoral College, which consists of both houses of Parliament together with the four
provincial assemblies.
Duties of President:
Convene Congress in special sessions,
Receive ambassadors.
Executive authorities are bound to act in aid of the Commission in its discharge of its
duties and functions. Article 220 of the Constitution states: “It shall be the duty of all
executive authorities in the Federation and in the Provinces to assist the Commissioner
and the Election Commission in the discharge of his or their functions.”

Judicial Branch:
Family Court:

The Family Court is a court within civil jurisdiction dealing with a variety of cases relating
to children, child protection, family breakdown and other related issues. Cases heard by
magistrates in the Family Court concerning children are either matters of public law or
private law. Generally, law is described as either criminal or civil. All civil matters fall into
one of two categories: general civil law and family law. Civil law deals with disputes
between people or organizations. Civil law disputes can be about contracts, wills,
property, personal injury and so on.

Session Court:

Additional District & Sessions Judges are appointed by the Provincial & federal High
Courts, from a pool of Lawyers and subordinate judges. To be eligible for appointment,
Lawyers must have ten years' experience as an advocate with good standing in the
respective jurisdiction. They must also pass an examination conducted by the High
Courts. Subordinate judges are also promoted from senior civil judges on a seniority
basis.The Sessions court is also a trial court for heinous offences such as Murder,
Rape, Haraba offences (armed robbery where specific amount of gold and cash is
involved), and is also appellate court for summary conviction offences and civil suits of
lesser value. Each Town and city now has a court of Additional District & Sessions
judge, which possess the equal authority over, under its jurisdiction. When hearing
criminal cases, it is called the Sessions Court

High Court:

High court the power of an appellate court to review, amend and overrule decisions of a
trial court or other lower tribunal. Most appellate jurisdiction is legislatively created, and
may consist of appeals by leave of the appellate court or by right. Depending on the
type of case and the decision below, appellate review primarily consists of: an entirely
new hearing (a non trial de novo); a hearing where the aigppellate court gives deference
to factual findings of the lower court; or review of particular legal rulings made by the
lower court

Supreme Court:
The Supreme Court functions as a last resort tribunal. Its rulings cannot be appealed. It
also decides on cases dealing with the interpretation of the constitution (for example, it
can overturn a law passed by Congress if it deems it unconstitutional). Justices A.S.M.
Akram, Fazal Akbar, Amin Ahmed, Abdus Sattar, Hameedur Rahman, and Hamoodur
Rahman (Chief Justice) were the Bengali/Bihari jurists who served as senior justices in
the Supreme Court.