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Written Constitution
Whose precepts are embodied in one document or
set of documents
Unwritten Constitution
Consists of rules which have not been integrated into
a single, concrete form. (e.g. judicial decisions,
customs and traditions, common law principles)
Conventional Constitution
An enacted constitution formally “struck off” at a
definite time and place following a conscious effort
taken by a constituent body.
Cumulative Constitution
The result of political evolution “not inaugurated at
any specific time but changing by accretion rather
than by any systematic method”
Rigid Constitution
One that can be amended only by a formal and
usually difficult process
Flexible Constitution
One that can be changed by ordinary legislation
Ratification
Amendments or revisions to the Constitution should
be ratified by the majority in a plebiscite which
BASIS CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION PEOPLE’S INITIATIVE
(ConAss) (ConCon)
How proposed By Congress acting as Constituent 1. By Congress upon a vote of By the people, upon a petition thru a
Assembly upon a vote of ¾ of ALL its 2/3 of ALL its members (to call for a plebiscite (at least 12% of the TOTAL
members ConCon); OR 2. Upon a majority vote number of registered voters, of which
of ALL members of Congress to every legislative district must be
submit to the Electorate the question of represented by 3% of the registered
calling a ConCon (+Plebiscite) (1987 voters therein (1987 Constitution, Art.
Constitution, Art. XVII, Sec. 3) XVII, Sec. 2) (+Full text of the proposed
amentments attached in the petition)
Coverage Amendment or Revision Amendment ONLY
By Proposal Ratification
Amendments A. By Congress (as Constituent By a vote of ¾ of all its members Majority of the votes cast via
Assembly) Plebiscite, 60-90 days after
B. Constitutional Convention In practice, per internal rules, limited Approval of the amendments
by the Doctrine of Proper
Submission
C. People’s Initiative Upon COMELEC’s certification of the
sufficiency of the petition
Revisions D. By Congress (as Constituent By a vote of ¾ of all its members Majority of the votes cast via
Assembly) Plebiscite, 60-90 days after
E. Constitutional Convention In practice, per internal rules, limited approval of the revision
by the Doctrine of Proper
Submission