University of Education

Lower Mall campus, Lahore

Department of Economics and Business Administration

Internship Report
Ali Akbar Group of Pakistan
A REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS
ADMINISTRATION, UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION, LOWER MALL CAMPUS,
LAHORE IN THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE
DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (HONS)

SUBMITTED BY:
BBA-F15-101
Atiya Tahir
2015-2019
11 September 2019

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 University of Education
Lower Mall Campus, Lahore
Department of Economics and Business Administration

LETTER OF UNDERTAKING

The internship report was submitted by Atiya Tahir D/o. M. Tahir Roll No. BBA-F15-
101 for the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

BBA (HONS)
Session (2015-2019)
With specialization in Marketing
and is hereby accepted by the evaluation committee.

Internship Supervisor

Principal

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 Dedication
I dedicate this report to my loving parents whose prays, affection and support are always a source
of encouragement for me to reach at this destination and a humble icon for others in future. My
parent and teachers who give me real eyes that help me to leads myself and others in the dark and
cruel world. I also dedicating this work to Sir Faran Ali who helped us in all the problems that
arises during the working process of this Internship.

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 Acknowledgement
The credit for the completion of report goes to a number of peoples. First of all I thankful to Allah
Almighty, for providing me strength and resources to carry out the research.
Then I want to thank my parents who provided me with unconditional love and moral support so
I became able to do this in an efficient way. I wish to thank all who helped me in making this
report.
In performing my project, I had to take the help and guideline of some respected persons, who
deserve my greatest gratitude. The completion of this Internship gives me much pleasure. I would
like to show my gratitude to Sir Faran Ali for giving me a good guideline for Internship
throughout numerous consultations. I would also like to expand my deepest gratitude to all those
who have directly and indirectly guided me.
Many people, especially my classmates have made valuable comment suggestions on this
proposal which gave me an inspiration to improve my assignment. I thank all the people for their
help directly and indirectly to complete this Internship report.
I also appreciate the cordial co-operation from General Manager HR of Ali Akbar Group especially
Mr. Asim Amjad (Manager HR) and all other staff of HR for providing me requisite information
and knowledge for compilation of my complete Internship.

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Table of Contents
Executive Summary. ..................................................................................................................................... 9
Agriculture Industry Introduction ............................................................................................................... 10
History ........................................................................................................................................................ 12
Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 13
Ali Akbar Enterprises: ............................................................................................................................ 13
Dada Jee Corporation:............................................................................................................................. 13
Pak China Chemicals: ............................................................................................................................. 14
Pak China Manufacturing (PVT) LTD: .................................................................................................. 14
Pak China Polymers: ............................................................................................................................... 14
Ali Akbar Seeds: ..................................................................................................................................... 14
Mission.................................................................................................................................................... 15
Vision ...................................................................................................................................................... 15
Values ..................................................................................................................................................... 15
Corporate Objective: ............................................................................................................................... 15
Market Standing: ..................................................................................................................................... 15
Policy of Organization: ........................................................................................................................... 15
Competitors:............................................................................................................................................ 16
Business Volume: ................................................................................................................................... 16
Product Lines: ......................................................................................................................................... 16
Organizational Structure ............................................................................................................................. 20
Organizational hierarchy chart ................................................................................................................ 20
Number of employees ............................................................................................................................. 20
Main offices ............................................................................................................................................ 20
Brief introduction of all departments: ......................................................................................................... 21
Finance department ................................................................................................................................. 21
Sales and Marketing Department ............................................................................................................ 21
Audit Department.................................................................................................................................... 21
HR Department ....................................................................................................................................... 21
Information Technology Department...................................................................................................... 21
R&D Department .................................................................................................................................... 22
Comments on the organizational structure.............................................................................................. 22
Plan of Internship program ......................................................................................................................... 23

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 Brief introduction of Head office: ........................................................................................................... 23
Starting and Ending dates of Internship: ................................................................................................. 23
Names of department in which got training: ........................................................................................... 23
Training Program ........................................................................................................................................ 23
Detailed description of the operations performed by the department: .................................................... 23
Finance department: ................................................................................................................................ 23
Description of the project assign:................................................................................................................ 23
Structure of marketing department ............................................................................................................. 24
Number of employees working under Marketing Department ............................................................... 25
Sub Departments of Marketing Department ........................................................................................... 25
Marketing Function..................................................................................................................................... 26
Product / Services offered: ...................................................................................................................... 26
Price: ....................................................................................................................................................... 26
Place / Distribution channels: ................................................................................................................. 26
Promotion: .............................................................................................................................................. 27
Human Resource Management: .................................................................................................................. 27
Employee’s recruitment and selection: ................................................................................................... 27
Training and Development: .................................................................................................................... 28
Performance Management: ..................................................................................................................... 28
Compensation policy: ............................................................................................................................. 29
Ratio Analysis ............................................................................................................................................. 30
Critical Analysis of Marketing.................................................................................................................... 33
Micro Environment analysis of Ali Akbar Group: ................................................................................. 33
Macro Environment analysis of AAG: ................................................................................................... 34
Competitors Analysis: ............................................................................................................................. 36
STP.......................................................................................................................................................... 37
Target Market: ...................................................................................................................................... 37
Positioning Strategy: ............................................................................................................................. 38
Product Differentiation: ....................................................................................................................... 38
Channel Differentiation: ...................................................................................................................... 38
Image differentiation: ........................................................................................................................... 39
People differentiation: .......................................................................................................................... 39
Customer Analysis: ................................................................................................................................. 39

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SWOT Analysis .......................................................................................................................................... 41
Conclusion .................................................................................................................................................. 43
Recommendation ........................................................................................................................................ 44
References ................................................................................................................................................... 45

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Executive Summary.
In this report I have done the complete Analysis of the Agricultural Industry. After the discussion
of Industry I further tell about the Mission, Vision, policies and the rules and regulation about Ali
Akbar Group of Pakistan. In this report I clearly mention the organizational hierarchy chart and
HR structure. How HR work and took decision to implement the policies. What I learnt from Ali
Akbar Group after completion of my internship in HR. Deep analysis about HR function. What
the procedure of Training need assessment. I also highlighted some serious issues/ problems which
employees are facing and how we can resolve it to get back the employee satisfaction level.
Because there are lot of things to do that required time. I have also done the financial analysis and
the Critical analysis like Macro and Micro environmental analysis of Ali Akbar Group of Pakistan.
SWOT analysis is also done in this Internship report. . At the end of the report I also given some
useful suggestions in which company should focus to avoid from any big problems.

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Agriculture Industry Introduction
Pakistan’s agriculture sector plays a central role in the economy as it contributes 18.9 percent to
GDP and provides 38.5 percent employment to national labor force. It is also an important source
of foreign exchange earnings and stimulates growth in other sectors. The government is focusing
on supporting small and marginalized farmers and promote small scale innovative technologies to
promote growth in this sector. According to the 6th Population and Housing Census of Pakistan
2017, the country’s population is growing at the rate of 2.4 percent per annum. This rapid increase
in population is raising demand for agricultural products. The present government is focused on
developing this sector and in this connection initiated a number of measures such as crop
diversification, efficient use of water and promotion of high value crops including biotechnology,
reducing mark-up rates, agriculture credit enhancement, subsidized fertilizer prices and cheap
electricity for agritube wells. As a result, this sector’s performance increased manifold after
witnessing a moderate and subdued growth in last 13 years.
Over the last decade, the performance of agriculture sector has fallen short of desirable level,
mainly because of stagnant productivity of all important crops. Cropped area of the five traditional
crops has also largely remained unchanged. Climate change also poses a serious challenge to
Pakistan’s agriculture and threatens country’s water availability and food security.
The government is trying its best to help the farmers by providing agriculture inputs at affordable
prices and ensuring better prices of their produce. To guarantee food security, it is necessary to
enhance domestic agricultural production through increased productivity (increasing per acre
yield). Although Pakistan has rich production potential in agriculture, livestock and fisheries, yet
for sustainable economic growth and prosperity, the development of these sectors on long-term
basis is of fundamental importance for country’s growth and prosperity. This calls for efficient
utilization of production resources by adopting modern technologies and establishment of realistic
marketing system.
Pakistan major crops are wheat, rice, maize, sugarcane and cotton. Contribution of major crops in
agriculture sector is about to be 25.6% and contribution of major crops in GDP is almost 5.4%
according to the economic survey of Pakistan. Wheat participate in contribution of agriculture is
approximately 10.3% and in l GDP is 2.2%. Rice is cash plus a food crop. Pakistan produces high
quality rice which is best and like in all over the world. Pakistan have specialty in but due to some
inherent problem we have not excess on expertise to making export on a lot of quantity of good
rice that is eventually effects on our foreign exchange reserve. Share of rice in our agriculture is
almost 3.1% and in GDP is 0.7%. The Cotton is a cash crop and make raw material for our textile
industry and contribution in GDP is almost 1.4%. Sugarcane is also a cash crop and also food crop.
Our sugar industry is based on raw material of sugarcane. Sugarcane contribute in agriculture
sector is 3.4% and in GDP is 0.7%.Our minor crops involves pulses, mustard, gram, jawar, bajra,
oil seeds and barley. Minor crops contributing in agriculture sector is 11.6%.
It is important to mention here that climate change is a serious threat to the security and prosperity
of Pakistan’s agriculture. The country is more exposed to the impacts of climate change because
of its geography.

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According to a recently published index, Pakistan was ranked number 12 on the list of countries
most likely to be affected by impacts of climate change. Punjab is experiencing high and low
temperatures, high and low rainfall with clear symptoms of climate shift.
Consequently, sowing and harvesting season of many important crops has been disturbed,
harvesting and post harvesting losses have been increased and there has been a delay in sowing of
crops. Sudden fall in cotton production is a peculiar example of impact of climate change wherein,
high temperatures at early stage of the crop lured sucking pest attack and afterwards, heavy
rainfalls impacted the overall production. The government should make sure that small farmers
also be given a due share in relief as it is vital for reviving declining agricultural sector. Regular
monitoring of policies and its sub-sectors, financial position of farmers and contribution of
agriculture can help in this regard.
The government strongly needed to invest in agriculture research and follow footsteps of
developed countries. The world has turned to precision farming, using GPS sensors, nitrogen
sensors, and guidance system in agriculture farming. The revival of the agriculture sector needs to
lay an extensive and carefully formulated plan. Federal and provincial governments must
guarantee execution of the plan so that an agriculture sector regains its past glory.

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History
Ali Akbar Group Pakistan was established during 1993 to address the challenge of ever-increasing
demand for quality agricultural input in the country. Initially, the core business of the Group was
to import and market different agro-chemicals in Pakistan. However, due to increased confidence
of the customers, and the Group’s zeal for providing all kinds of crop protection and yield
enhancement services; the Group has expanded to become a diversified agricultural chemicals and
seeds business company in Pakistan. Today, the Ali Akbar Group has become the market leader
in agro-sector through a wide range of premium quality, environment friendly and new generation
chemical products including pesticides, insecticides, fungicides, weedicides, micro-fertilizers,
plant growth regulators and seeds.
During 2001, the Group became the first local formulator of pesticides in Pakistan. This led the
Group to offer high quality pesticides at competitive prices to the local farmers. Subsequently, the
Group expanded to provide many other modern products and field advisory services leading to the
development of agricultural production in the country. The prominent functions of the Group
comprise of formulation, repacking, marketing and distribution of agricultural products ranging
from insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, plant growth regulators, micro-fertilizers, and hybrid
seeds covering all major crops like cotton, wheat, rice, corn, fruits, vegetables, sugarcane, maize,
sunflower, etc.
The Group distributes the products and services through exclusive franchise networks called
“Target ZariMarkaz”, “ApnaZariMarkaz” and a dealership network “DJC Dealer.”
Ali Akbar’s nation- wide network of Agricultural consultants and advisors dedicated at serving the
farmers with best solutions for enhancing the maximum yield, provisioning maximum prosperity
is one of the key distinct features offered exclusively by Ali Akbar group across Pakistan’s
agricultural industry.
Ali Akbar have progressed from agro chemicals to diverse sectors including Energy, Petro GAS,
Textile and polymer operating under registered brands.

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Introduction
Agriculture is the backbone of Pakistan's economy. Keeping in view the ever increasing demand
for quality agricultural inputs, the company was established in 1993. Initially, the core business of
the company was manufacturing and marketing of agrochemicals.

The objective of the group evolves from the collective determination of our people to excel in
providing continuous customer satisfaction through our quality products at the right price.
Ali Akbar group is assisting to protect the crops from the diseases and also help to boost up the
crops production.
.Today Ali Akbar Group is the leading crop protection company in Pakistan and comprises of a
diversified group of six companies including:
➢ Ali Akbar Enterprises
➢ Dada Jee Corporation
➢ Pak China Chemicals
➢ Pak China Manufacturing (PVT) LTD
➢ Pak China Polymers
➢ Ali Akbar Seeds
Ali Akbar group of industries business is divided into 5 majors segments. That are Agrochemicals,
Packaging of Pesticides and formulation, Fertilizers, seeds, PET Bottle Manufacturing.

Ali Akbar Enterprises:

Pakistan, being an agricultural country, has great potential to strengthen agro based industry. To
produce high yield, inputs such as seeds, fertilizers and chemicals play an important role. The
market for agricultural inputs is very large i.e over Rs. 100 billion per annum. This market is
unstructured and fragmented. Companies operating in agricultural inputs have their fragmented
dealers for selling their products such as Seeds, Fertilizers, pesticides, spray-machines, fuel etc.
These companies do not have any arrangement to provide quality services to the customers
therefore, farmers have to face great difficulty in purchasing their required agricultural input,
which also lead to great losses as they have to visit many outlets to fulfil their farming needs.
To cater to the growing requirements and increasing problems of farmers, Ali Akbar Group
launched its new business venture called “Target Zarai Markaz”

Dada Jee Corporation:

Apna Zarai Markaz is another premium quality franchise network being operated by AAG in
Pakistan providing quality products. Services and agro tools in Pakistan. Apna Zarai Markaz have
wide range of quality pesticides, seeds, insecticides, plant growth regulators, soil enrichment and
services under one roof. Apna Zarai Markaz is run by Dada Jee Corporation.

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Pak China Chemicals:
The formulation plant is equipped with process control instrumentation. All the machinery and
equipment is of explosion prove grade. The packaging units are completely automatic and
formulation area has designed to meet OSHA,USA requirements for occupational health and
safety. The plant has a finished product storage facility of 1,600,000 liters at one time. The storage
areas are well ventilated and equipped with fire detection.

Pak China Manufacturing (PVT) LTD:

Pak China Manufacturing (Pvt.) Ltd. is a subsidiary of Ali Akbar Group that manufactures
Emamectin Benzoate technical grade. This is Pakistan’s first ever basic complete manufacturing
facility. Emamectin Benzoate is an internationally accepted environmentally friendly chemistry
product. It is called green product and has major share in values as far as Pakistan’s market is
concerned. Manufacturing of this molecule in Pakistan has resulted in saving of foreign exchange
worth billions of rupees that were previously being spent on import of this chemistry. On the other
hand, this facility played a role of transfer of technology for manufacturing active ingredients of
pesticides.

Pak China Polymers:

Pak China polymer, German technology PET bottle manufacturing plant equipped with modern
injection molding and blowing machines with an installed capacity of manufacturing 400,000
bottles a day is laid on futuristic technology.
As a result of increasing product portfolio and SKUs, Pak China Polymers plant not only meets
the products packaging requirements of Ali Akbar group but also facilitates other agro chemical
groups and FMCG sectors.

Ali Akbar Seeds:

In 2000, Ali Akbar group setup an in house research facility to locally produce the hybrid seeds in
the category of cotton and corn variety. Over a period of six years, Ali Akbar introduced the first
local Hybrid BT cotton seed variety in Pakistan, commercially registered as, Ali Akbar AA 703
and AA 805.
In 2008, Ali Akbar seeds introduced the first locally produced/developed corn variety known as
Ali Akbar. Besides offering all types of varieties of seeds including white, yellow and sweet corn,
Ali Akbar seeds is one of the few local companies offering their own varieties in hybrid seeds,
maize and hybrid rice as well. Consistently innovating new varieties, the company is backed up
by chemists, engineers, research fields and international compliances and accreditations followed
by modern techniques and methods.
Currently Ali Akbar Seeds (Pvt.) Ltd. is engaged in research, production, processing and marketing
of cotton, wheat, rice, and hybrid seed of corn, sunflower, forage sorghum and various ranges of
vegetables. Ali Akbar Seeds (Pvt.) Ltd. is the first private sector company working on breeding
GM crops in collaboration with China, India and CEMB Pakistan.

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Mission
Our Mission is to serve the agriculture sector of Pakistan by providing high quality testing products
to our farmers through our enthusiastic, dedicated employees and member companies.

Vision
To become an internationally recognized company, delivering excellence to all stakeholders
through innovation and human capital.

Values
➢ Keep customer first
➢ Act Responsibly
➢ Quality
➢ Togetherness

Corporate Objective:
The objective of the group evolves from the collective determination of our people to excel in
providing continuous customer satisfaction through our quality products at the right price.

Market Standing:
Ali Akbar Group is Pakistan’s largest ago-chemical group of Pakistan and third largest group in
Asia. They are the market leaders in agro-chemicals section, providing high quality products and
services to their customers and franchises. Ali Akbar group is a leading crop protection company
in Pakistan.

Policy of Organization:
Ali Akbar Group aspire to be recognized as an innovative, customers focused company that
delivers quality agricultural products, insure excellent careers for its people and contributes
positive to the communities in which we live and work. At AAG sustainable forms and integral
part of corporate policy and we seek to ensure that the design and execution of the solution
company may offer is aligned with fundamental are constructed around societal environment,
social and economic objectives.

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Competitors:
Major competitors of Ali Akbar group are:
➢ Four Brothers
➢ Roshan Sitara
➢ Pakeuro
➢ Amritsor Seeds
➢ Kisan Care (PVT.) LTD
➢ Fauji Fertilizers

Business Volume:
Ali Akbar Group is a leading crop protection company in Pakistan and comprises of a diversified
group of six companies. The business volume of Target is approximately 1.5 Arab and DJC
approximately 600 crore.

Product Lines:
There are two brands of Ali Akbar group, Target and DJC. Both of the brands have large amount
of products in agricultural sector.
“Target” products are given below:

FUNGICIDES
➢ Clipper 50WP
➢ Carporal 30WP
➢ Diesomil Platinum 72 WP
➢ Difenoconazole 250EC(Spore Off)
➢ Dolomite 58 WP
➢ Folder 50% SC
➢ Halonil 75WP
➢ Manthane 80 WP
➢ Mintax 60WDG
➢ Moltovin 38% SC
➢ Simitar SEW
➢ Sticker 50 WP
➢ Tegula 12 SEW
➢ Thiomil 70 WP
➢ Turbo 80% WG
➢ Velvet 25 SC

Insecticides
➢ Arrest 80% SP
➢ Attack 18% EW
➢ Border 61.5 EC
➢ Boxer 2.5EC
➢ Capital Plus 417 EC

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 ➢ Cracker 50EC
➢ Crown 200SL
➢ Crown 70WS
➢ Delegate 520 WG
➢ Detector 5 SC
➢ Dimmer 75 SP
➢ Flute 50 WP
➢ Finder 36 EC
➢ Fon 75WP
➢ Forum 50 SC
➢ Gold Star
➢ Helmet 40EC
➢ Immida 25WP
➢ Instant 10SL
➢ Leopard 2.5EC
➢ Premier 50 SG
➢ Progress 10.8 EC
➢ Rani 20SL
➢ Rani 20SP
➢ Resham 10EC
➢ Resham Plus 11.5%
➢ Saomanjing
➢ Sitara 25WP
➢ Static Spinosad ME
➢ Timer 1.9 EC
➢ Timer 5 WDG

Seeds
➢ Delinted AA-905
➢ Delinted FH-142
➢ Cotton Seed 101 Fuzzy 3- Kg
➢ Fuzzy AA-702
➢ Fuzzy AA-703
➢ Fuzzy AA-886 Fuzzy 10 kg
➢ Fuzzy AA-903
➢ Fuzzy AA-904
➢ Fuzzy AA-905
➢ Fuzzy AA-919
➢ Fuzzy CA-12
➢ Cotton Seed Lalazar Super Fuzzy 8kg Wal
➢ Fuzzy FH-142
“DJC” products are given below:

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FUNGICIDES
➢ Ciameiging 70% WP
➢ OWP Capstar 325 SC
➢ Check 250 SC
➢ Correct 70WP
➢ Crest 50 WP
➢ Consult 250EC
➢ Cuproxat
➢ Safron 60WDG
➢ Smart 80% WG
➢ Stuff 12.5 FC
➢ Success 72 WP
➢ Union 50WP

Insecticides
➢ Adventure 50 36 A
➢ Alarm 1.8 EC
➢ Alliance 75 WP
➢ Aspire 70 WG
➢ Barrier 20 SL
➢ Barrier 20 SP
➢ Buzzer 10 EC
➢ Contast 36 SC
➢ Defender 50EC
➢ Deltamethrin
➢ Emmamectin 1.9 EC Ca
➢ Imidacloprid 25WP Co
➢ Fighter 5 EC
➢ Flver SOWP
➢ Hike 18 EW
➢ Lamda 2.5 EC
➢ Launcher 200SL
➢ Launcher 70WS
➢ Mortal 25% WP
➢ Pannel 40EC
➢ Pointer 360EC
➢ Reform 10EC
➢ Remand 10.8 EC
➢ Result 550 EC
➢ Propagite
➢ Sega 100SL
➢ Starter 25WP Stri

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 ➢ Steamer SEC
➢ SUPPORTER SEC
➢ Timer 19EC
➢ Timer 5 WG

Seeds
➢ Booster Gold (Humic Acid 50% W/W)
➢ Classic 10%(Zin6+ B4)
➢ Drive 5%(Boron)
➢ Fashion ( NPK) 8:8:6
➢ Fusion 30%
➢ Fruteck 25%
➢ Gold Crop/Gold Family 8:8:6
➢ Green up
➢ Grow Gold 3:3:3
➢ Invite 8%
➢ Invite 10%
➢ Lift up 10%
➢ Lift up 33%
➢ Lift up 21%
➢ Power Gold 20:20:20
➢ Sulfo Gold 90%

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Organizational Structure
Organizational hierarchy chart

Number of employees
In Ali Akbar group there are 6 departments so the employees of each department is written below:
Ali Akbar Enterprises 221
Pak China chemical 201
Pak China Polymers 17
Dada Jee Corporation 79
Pak China Manufacturing 17
Ali Akbar seeds 14
So the total employees that are directly linked with Ali Akbar group are 549. All the above
mentioned employees are working in all over the Pakistan in different cities.

Main offices
Main offices of Ali Akbar Group are mentioned below:
Punjab

➢ Lahore (Head office)

➢ Faisalabad
➢ Sahiwal
➢ Multan
➢ Vehari
➢ D.G Khan
➢ Rahim Yar Khan

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 ➢ Bahawalpur
➢ Mianwali
KPK
➢ Peshawar
Sindh
➢ Hyderabad
➢ Sukkur
Others
➢ Quetta

Brief introduction of all departments:

Finance department
Major function of Finance department is to assure smooth cash flows within the company. This
department collects all debit and credit amounts from all the available sources and to maintain the
record.

Sales and Marketing Department

All the daily base transactions related to in and out of the company are discussed under Sales and
Marketing Department. All the coordination’s are kept under this department. Policies are also
makes under the supervision of the Sales and Marketing Department. Major role of the department
is to maintain the good image of the company that makes customer’s satisfied.

Audit Department
Record keeping is discussed under this department. The Audit department works to check out the
check and balance of the organization. It is usually has responsibility for correcting any
deficiencies noted down by any of the independent accountants. It conducts periodic audits that
has a greater emphasis on detail than that of a company’s independent public accountants.

HR Department
All the work related to Recruitment, Selection, compensation benefits, Attendance management
system, performance appraisal and industrial relation. In other words HR Department have to
check the staff handling. HR plays the middle man job between the employees and the management
means HR Department has the duty to deliver basic company information to the employees.

Information Technology Department

IT Department of AAG have to work related to Data storage, Database. This department have to
control the electronic activities and problems of the company.

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R&D Department
R&D Department is responsible for the registration of the product in the department of government
which they are importing from other countries.

Comments on the organizational structure

Ali Akbar Group is centralized organization. AAG as a centralized organization do not permits to
subordinate branches to enjoy high-level of independence. Although the major strategy decisions
are made at the headquarter level, daily operations are left up to subordinate branches to derive
and perform. A proper chain of command is followed up in the Ali Akbar Group. Main focus is to
maintain high quality of the products. AAG treats its employees equally and also the employees
take it as their professional responsibility.

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Plan of Internship program
Brief introduction of Head office:
My internship was in Head office of Ali Akbar group. The main head office is in Lahore. All the
main and major departments of the company are working in this office although there are different
offices in different cities of Pakistan but they all are controlled and monitored from this office
that’s why all departments of the company are working under the head office.
Initially the core business of the company was manufacturing and marketing of agro-chemicals
but now all the companies and they are working and controlled from this head office. All the
products of the company and manufactured through this plant and all other functions are performed
through this plant.
The objective of this head office of the company evolves from the collective determination of their
people to excel in providing continuous customer satisfaction through their quality products at the
right price. During my internship at Ali Akbar Group Lahore head office there was excellent
atmosphere.

Starting and Ending dates of Internship:

6 weeks of Internship and the internship starts from July 1 2019 to August 10 2019.

Names of department in which got training:

Finance department

Training Program
Detailed description of the operations performed by the department:
Finance department:
Ali Akbar Group Accounts payable section of accounting department records product and services
that it receives and the payments it owes, such as inventory, suppliers or the expenses. The
department records each accounts payable as a liability and accounts receivable as assets. Assets
such as revenue and customers, obligations pay for product and services.
Major function of Finance department is to assure smooth cash flows within the company. This
department collects all debit and credit amounts from all the available sources and to maintain the
record. All the financial related decisions are taken under the finance department. Import Export
related decisions are also taken by the finance manager.
The department does Journal entries on the monthly basis and focused to maintain all the general
entries every month. Financial statements analysis are also done under this department. Account
Payable, Invoice creation, import documentation and Salary record is also discussed under the
finance department.

Description of the project assign:

Week 1:

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 In the first week of my internship the first task was to get the brief information of the company.
In short the basic orientation was given to me. After the successful orientation the next task was
to read the files or the documents that was the previous data to get to know how to work in the
organization. The next task was to fill up the petrol slips that are for the employees. As the
company has the contract with PSO petrol pump. So my task was to fill the petrol slips. The bank
balance maintain was also taught to me in the first week.

Week 2:
In the second week my task was to arrange the files according to the dates in the cupboards that in
future it will be easy to get the exact file on time. As it was the month when the audit team come
for checking so the task was to check the register data and the software data. And if there is any
missing of the entry or the data have to reconcile it.

Week 3:
In the 3rd week my task was to maintain the excel sheet and update the accounts receivable on the
daily basis. And also check the computer statement and the statements on the file, if they both are
not balancing then my major task was to balance both statements.

Week 4:
In the fourth week I have to call the new employees and tell them to collect their visiting cards. I
also have to cross check the visiting cards and the records of the employees. If there is any error
and omission in the cross checking then highlight the problem. The next task that was assigned to
me was to record the leaves of the employees on the system with the date name and the time.

Week 5:
In the second last week of my internship my task was to engage with my supervisor who tell me
what to do or how to do. In this week generally I don’t learn the new thing but my task was to
manage all the above things that I have already learnt.

Week 6:
In the last week of my internship I have to use the systems and have to enroll the personal files of
the new hiring employees and all the needed data. In this week I made the personal files of new
employees of the company according to the old files. As I was in the finance department so I was
doing my internship under the supervisor who told me day to day operations.

Structure of marketing department

Chairman
Chairman

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 Director Sales
and Marketing

National Sales
Manager
Team Leader
Marketing Manager
TeamManager
Sales Leader
PMDP

Zonal Manager Business Manager

Number of employees working under Marketing Department

➢ Major Ejaz M. Khan (Chairman)
➢ Saad Akbar Khab (Director Sales and Marketing)
➢ Sajjad Hashim Shah ( National Sales Manager)
➢ Abid Nasir (Marketing Manager)
➢ Saif Ullah (Sales Manager)
➢ Khalid Bhatti ( Zonal Manager)
➢ Abdul Rasheed (Business Manager)
As Ali Akbar group is a highest group so to get the whole marketing department hierarchy is
difficult that’s why here is the only major hierarchy of the marketing department.

Sub Departments of Marketing Department

There are no sub-departments of marketing department exists.

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Marketing Function
AAG is highly professional and business oriented marketing team. Ali Akbar tries to introduce
Innovative marketing trends and focused on the customer services to fulfill the marketing needs.

Product / Services offered:

There are two major products of Ali Akbar Group. The company is engaged to provide products
to the dealers and farmers all over the Pakistan.
1. Target Ali Akbar Enterprises
2. Dada Jee Corporation.
Many products are working under these two brands. Farmers are the major costumers of the AAG
so the company tries to take care of farmers ease. They mostly makes the product that are friendly
users and not harmful for the farmers. So there are the following products that rae working under
these two brands.
➢ Insecticides
➢ Herbicide
➢ Fungicide
➢ Micronutrients
➢ Fertilizers
➢ Granules
➢ Generic products.

Price:

➢ As AAG is the largest company so they have different products. Every product have
their own price regarding to the quality or the quantity of the product. Ali Akbar sets
prices of their products according to the market demand as low as possible because
AAG is the trend setter in the market.

➢ The profit margin is usually high because of the high quality of the product.
➢ The prices are fixed on a reasonable scale so that majority of public can afford.

Place / Distribution channels:

The Distribution channel is as same as others. The channel starts from manufacturer to distributors
and then to retailer and to the customers. The products are delivered in the warehouse on the
demand of the zonal managers. We just try to distribute the products by our own delivery system.
This is now become our value. We are working with many distributors who distributes our
products. We have a slightly different channel of distribution in the sense that we will deliver our

26
product directly to our distributors, Zarai markaz and Agri malls via our own delivery system.
AAG has its own warehouses for the storage of products.

Promotion:

Ali Akbar Group uses electronic media to aware their customers regarding to the products. The
advertisement starts approximately 40 days before the launching of a new product. Through the
promotion the customers of our products get the proper knowledge about the prone and cons of
the new launching product. This method helps to get the more customers that will use the products.

Human Resource Management:

Every organization have employees and the employees are the major part of an organization.
That’s why every department want to make their employees happy through different criteria and
continuously try to motivate their employees. AAG is also doing the same activities for their
employees.

Employee’s recruitment and selection:

Recruitment & Selection is the main function of HR. with the help of this organization cannot
stand with competent and professional people. Because recruitment & Selection is the first step to
induct the employee.

Sources of candidates:

Internal Sources:
In Ali Akbar HR department Sources of candidates depend on position which the company want
to hire. In internal sources company get cv’s from the internal data bank which almost every
company maintain on regular basis. Or get candidate from the inter department.

External Sources:

In external source Human Resources manager contacts to different consultants, can help from
Social networks including LinkedIn, facebook job posting pages, or can be get required candidates
after publishing in different papers.

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Employment selection process:
First of all HR department get the employee requisition form from the concern department who
want to hire candidate. In this form all required information mentioned for example, what
qualification required against this post, How experience required, what age should be candidate to
apply this position, what will be minimum or maximum salary against this position. Than HR start
try to find out the required candidate from different sources which I above mentioned. When HR
announce position and got huge cv’s against this position than screening process started. After
Screening CV’s HR department send it to respective department to shortlist the candidate cv for
interview. After this HR representative call to shortlisted candidate. At Ali Akbar Interviews are
conducting with panel in which concern department head or HR person must take the interview.
Than for final approval recommended CV after mutual understanding forwarded to General
Manager for final approval.

Training and Development:

In Ali Akbar group Training & Development department actively conduct different trainings to
their employees in which they need to improve their skills, Train need assesment request HR team
got from the line managers. Because line managers knows better about their workforce. Which
employee is needed to enhance his selling skills or communication skills. With the help of annual
performance appraisals of employee Training manager easily knows about which area he/ she
should focus for training. With the help of probation appraisal forms which is required to
confirmed the services of employees, concern line manager fill this form and also mention the
recommended training to early knows about the weak working area of employees. Than Training
manager work on it and conduct the trainings on the request of line manager. The purpose of the
Training need assesment is to reduce or minimize the mistakes in work, to bring efficiency or
effectiveness in work this approach is very important.
There are different method that help Ali Akbar group to make training and development that are:
➢ On the Job training
➢ Job training rotation

Performance Management:
Performance management system is a good or unique tool to motivate or demotivate the
employees. PM system give extra helps to meet the company long term objectives on time to

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employees. In Ali Akbar Group, employee’s performance measured with the help of objective
which are assigned in whole year. Annually objectives are assigned to every employee in whole
year. At the mid of year the follow-up session also conducted to keep up to date to employees
about their performance.

Compensation policy:
To keep motivate the staff employee compensation and benefits are very useful tool. In Ali Akbar
group employees are compensated with bonuses and increments and promotions of deserving
employees and other’s facilities which are below mention.
➢ Medical facility
➢ Insurance facility
➢ Provident fund
➢ Leaves

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Ratio Analysis

Fauji Fertilizers Fauji Fertilizers

2015 2016
Financial analysis
Financial analysis
Liquidity Ratios
Liquidity Ratios
1. Current ratio = Current assets/Current
liabilities 1. Current ratio = Current assets/Current
liabilities
= 95,354,604/ 99,944,692
= 55,884,786/59,009,809
= 0.95
=0.94
Interpretation:
Interpretation:
The ratio shows that assets are 95%
assets are available for meeting 100% The ratio shows 94% assets
liabilities. are available for meeting the 100% current
liabilities.
2. Acid Test (Quick) ratio= Current Assets
less inventories/Current liabilities 2. Acid Test (Quick) ratio= Current
Assets less inventories/Current liabilities
= 82,422,890/99,944,692
= 55,489,673/59,009,809
=0.82
= 93%
Interpretation:
Interpretation:
Company has 82% most-liquid assets
to meet current liabilities. Company has 93% most-liquid assets
to meet current liabilities.
Leverage Ratio
Leverage Ratio
3. Debt to equity ratio = Total
3. Debt to equity ratio = Total debts/Shareholder's equity
debts/Shareholder's equity
Debt to equity ratio = 59,009,809/
Debt/equity ratio=99,944,692/ 33,382,945 29,352,379
=2.99 =2
Interpretation: Interpretation:
The ratio indicates that 2.99% It indicate that 200%
finance is acquired by borrowings. Finance is provided by creditors as loan.
4. Debt ratio = Total debts/Total Assets
= 4. Debt ratio = Total debts/Total Assets
99,944,692/146,489,534*100

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 =68.22%
Interpretation:
The ratio indicates that 68.22% assets
are purchased through debt finance
and rest are come from shareholder's
equity.
Profitability Ratios
5.Return on Equity=Net profit After
taxes/Share Holder Equity
=14,438,585/33,382,945*100
= 43.25%
Interpretation:
The ratios shows that 43.25%
equity can be used as investments in different
projects.
6.Return on Average assets = Net
income/Average total assets
=105,964,471/146,489,534*100
=59,009,809/108,630,868*100
=54.32%
Interpretation:
The ratios indicate that the
54.32% assets are financed through debt
finance.
Profitability Ratios
5.Return on Equity=Net profit After
taxes/Share Holder Equity
=10,711,315/29,352,379*100
= 36.49%
Interpretation:
The ratio indicates that
36.49% investment chances are there this
year.
6.Return on Average assets = Net
income/Average total assets

= 72.33% = 90,714,114/108,630,868*100

Interpretation: = 83.50%

The ratio shows that the Interpretation:

invested assets can generate 72.33% of return. The ratio shows that the invested
7. Inventory Turnover = cost of goods assets can generate 57.68% of return.
sold/Inventory 7. Inventory Turnover = cost of goods
= 77,985,886/ 12,931,714 sold/Inventory

=6 = 72,620,911/ 395,113

Interpretation: =183

The ratio shows that there is Interpretation:

high liquidity of inventory into finished The ratio shows that
goods. inventory is quickly converted into finished
8.Inventory Turnover(in days)= 365/IT goods and sold.

=365/6 8.Inventory Turnover(in days)= 365/IT

= 60 =365/183

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Interpretation: =2
The ratio reveals that after 60
days inventory turned into finished goods and
sale. Interpretation:

9.Total Assets Turnover= net Sales /total The ratio reveals that the
assets inventory can be store as raw material for 2
days after that it will converted into finished
=105,964,471/146,489,534 goods.
=0.72 9. Total Assets Turnover= net Sales /total
assets
Interpretation:
= 90,714,114/108,630,868
The ratio indicates the
company is underutilizing it's assets as it can =0.83
generate more sales.
Interpretation:
Profitability Ratios
The ratio indicates the
10. Net Profit Margin= net profit after company is underutilizing it's assets as it can
tax/net sales generate more sales.
= 14,438,585/105,964,471 Profitability Ratios
=0.14% 10. Net Profit Margin= net profit after
tax/net sales
Interpretation:
= 10,711,315/90,714,114
The ratio tells that 0.14%
profit is earned. = 0.12%
Interpretation:
The ratio indicates that profit
margin earned current year is 0.12%.

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Critical Analysis of Marketing
Micro Environment analysis of Ali Akbar Group:
Porter's model can be applied to any segment of the economy to search for profitability and
attractiveness. These forces are:
• Threats of new entry
• Bargaining power of suppliers
• Bargaining power of buyers
• Threats of substitute products
• Industry rivalry

Threats of new entry:

New entrants should capture a portion of AAG to survive. Its long history, product quality,
consumer satisfaction allowed AAG to obtain a considerable share of the market. Every year a
number of new entrants enter the industry in an attempt to grab market share even at the local
level. A few succeed. The existing companies have developed strong distribution networks and
economies of scale that allow that to produce and deliver at low costs. This all makes the threat of
new entrants low for AAG.

Bargaining power of suppliers:

Creates and maintains positive relationship with its suppliers. AAG holds large purchasing power
also more bargaining power. The company prefers Long-term relationship with its suppliers which
ensures quality of products. AAG folds the largest market share in the industry. As a result it
requires supplies in massive quantities. This makes it an ideal buyers for the suppliers. Therefore
most of the suppliers that once starts supplying to AAG never interference with it or attempts to
bargain or influence the price. AAG in returns holds its suppliers in esteem and take care of them.

Bargaining power of buyers:

AAG understands the power of customers and has taken specific steps to meet their needs. Society
is more health conscious-AAG is incorporating health and wellness in its products. Due to high
level of competition, the bargaining power of the buyers is high. They can easily switch from one
brand to another, AAG or any other brands attempt to influence the market or raise the prices. The
switching cost is low for the consumers. There are a number of companies that sell similar
products. AAG recognize this power of the buyers and strives to ensure that the consumers of
AAG remains satisfied.

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Threats of Substitute Products:
AAG is surrounded by the threat of substitute goods. Similar products that compete directly with
AAG. Competition is high. Responsibility to improve its products. AAG focused on health and
wellness in order for its products to stay competitive. Threat of substitutes for AAG is also very
high. In all areas of its operations there are multiple other firms that are offering either similar
products or substitute products. For this purpose AAG has to ensure that it offers a product
experience that cannot be imitated and is demanded by its consumers.

Industry rivalry:
Industry rivalry for AAG is very high. When AAG was applied to the Porter's Five Forces Model
it demonstrated a profitable but competitive market for the food processing industry. The model
portrays that AAG is in a fairly comfortable position within the food processing industry, alongside
recognizing the threats to its current market share. Currently, the model recognizes a slight threat
of new entrants into the market and a considerable threat of substitute goods. Additionally, the
model shows that AAG tends to preserve and maintain the upper hand over its competitors and
suppliers.

Macro Environment analysis of AAG:

A PESTEL analysis is an analysis of the macro-environment that affects all firms. P.E.S.T.E.L is
an acronym for the Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and legal factors

Political factors
As the AAG is the health related production company so there is a lot of political factors affect the
company. If at any time the policy of the politics change then the company have to maintain their
product related to the political factors. So the company wouldn’t have to face nay issue or any
problem.

Economical factor
The client can find vast range of its products in the cities and in the rural areas because this brand
has vast and most effective supply chain network. Due to different economic policies of the
country, the company has to face many problems in supplying its products to the customers. Now
most of its clients become aware of changing inflation, economic growth and income and raises
the number of cost conscious customers. Now the price of the raw material is also increased which
resulted into increase in the cost of the products.

34
Social Factor:
AAG fulfill their social responsibility, AAG not only to create wealth for themselves and their
shareholders, but also should consider the impact on or influenced by the interests of AAG
behavior related to persons (including employees, consumers, creditors, the community weak, and
other social services),interest, and social responsibility. AAG specifically including the creation
of wealth, to obey with business ethics, protection of labor rights, environmental protection, and
save resources.

Technological factor:
They have certain goals and objectives which they want to achieve. They want to create and
promote their products to create value for their product. They have their sources for increasing
their product’s quality and compete it with the other companies so AAG focus on technology to
create core-competences. They conduct researches for that and try to get their objective which they
have decided. They are promoting their product by creating customer awareness.

Environmental factors:
The company produces the products related to the crops and the farmers. So the company faces
many issues. Many areas of Pakistan are warm areas and many are the cold areas but every land
have to be a good land for the crops. So the company have to make all the products that are
beneficial for the environment for the crops.

Legal factors:
AAG has to face the labor laws and it has to fixed the minimum wages of the labors under the
provisions of these laws. The hiring and promotions laws are to be followed and the people are
being privileged to get the facilities, which are the assets of the company. The environment law is
prepared for the protection of environment and makes the product environmental friendly so that
AAG products can give customer’s health. Important thing is that company has to follow the
foreign trade regulations while sending or receiving AAG products to the other countries.

35
Competitors Analysis:

Competitor analysis is done by marketers in which there is some steps are taken to find out the
competitors analysis.
1- Identify the competitors:
In this step a list of competitors are checked, means to know who are the actually competitors of
AAG. So here is the list of competitors of the AAG.
➢ Four Brothers
➢ Roshan Sitara
➢ Pakeuro
➢ Amritsor Seeds
➢ Kisan Care (PVT.) LTD
➢ Fauji Fertilizers
2- Analyze competitor Content:
After identifying the list of the competitors of AAG next step is far important. In this step check
out what actual content are competitors published. Like Fauji Fertilizers is focusing on the
promotion means they tries to give free samples with their products and on the other hand Roshan
sitara focuses on their marketing tries to make such type of advertisement that make some kind of
moral or have some sensitive touch.
3- Identify areas of Improvement: After checking or peeking competitors content next step is to
check out what are the improvement areas of company. Check out the weakness of own company
and then compare it with the competitors after checking the competitors next step is to improve
according to the competitors, or make better than competitors.

36
STP
Market Segmentation:
AAG has divided its market into geographic, demographic, psychographic and behavioral
segments. These segments will help to understand the market better and in implementation of
marketing strategies.

Geographic Segmentation:
The geographic segmentation is based on the weather conditions as using the insecticides is
popular mostly all over the Pakistan but keeping in mind the market conditions and secondly to
reduce the initial expenses (not to over load the business).

Demographic Segmentation:
AAG has demographic segmentation for its products that comprises the farmers and give the
products to the farmers.

Psychographic Segmentation:
The psychographic segmentation of AAG is based on the classes such as lower class, middle class
and upper class.

Behavioral Segmentation:
Firstly, the segment includes people who are knows about the AAG products.
Secondly, it includes people who are not willing to get the information about the products they are
offering.

Target Market:
AAG examined the different type of market segments on the basis
of segment size and growth, segments, structural attractiveness, and AAG objectives and
resources. AAG distributes their target market because of having unique requirements and
wants. AAG selected their target market into two market coverage policy:

● Differentiated

● Concentrated

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Differentiated:
AAG also choose the differentiated marketing. They provides different product for many segments
based on different ages, occupation, season and climate of Pakistan. For example:
Insecticides:

For those crops who have the threats related to the insects.

Fungicides:

For those type of crops who have fungus related issues.

Concentrated:
Through concentrated marketing, AAG earned a strong market position because of its very good
knowledge of consumer requirement. In the
niches it serves and special reputation it acquires. AAG specializes in producing chemicals. It
offers many insecticide or pesticides related to crops.

Positioning Strategy:
By creating product, service, channel, people and image differentiation AAG arrives the
consumer touch point more easily, effectively & efficiently in comparing with other competitors
in the highly competitive Agriculture market.

Product Differentiation:
• They are offering every type of chemical for their farmers and the crops.

• Also try to make packaging of their products.

• Manufacturing, seeds and fertilizers are also the products of the AAG.

Channel Differentiation:
AAG reach their products to the customersthrough their experienced market salesman and transp
ortation. So that their products are much easy to their farmers.

38
Image differentiation:
AAG logo is totally different from others competitors that are greatly choices by its users. For that
way customer easily choose them in the market which is another effective benefits for AAG
products.

People differentiation:
The company has a large number of manpower’s that are highly educated and trained. In Pakistan,
400 employees are employed in market Company chairman; they are running this business
successfully for a long time.

Service differentiation:
Another advantage for this company is better service for its respective users from its competitors.
They provide 24×7 hot line service. High quality checking is providing for its farmers. Its
marketing dept. and public relation dept. are working for finding out customer’s new needs
and response toward their AAG products.

Customer Analysis:
In customer analysis we analysis our customer and do deep research on our customer about their
needs and wants.

Market Segmentation:

We have divided customers on demographics, psychographics, and Geographic basis.

Choose the right Segment:

Before starting any Compiegne AAG choose the segment and do following analysis on them.

Income / Revenue:

In this step we check the income level of our targeted customers. There will be customers and c
that can afford the high-end products and services. However, there are major portion of our
targeted segment who have low or medium income. So we consider our customer as lower and
medium income holders.

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Lifestyle:

We target those customers who are not habitual of lavish lifestyle because mostly those customers
who prefer simple products are common in repeat purchasing.

Geographic location:

Our major portion of target market is located in Pakistan.

Purchase History:

We analysis our customers and record the data of our clients. Those customers who are habitual
of making repeat purchases, they usually get motivated through our sales promotions which are
specially designed for them.

40
SWOT Analysis
Strength:
Fame:
AAG has strong financial position and is consider as the famous market or the brand for the
products.
Latest Machinery:
Ali Akbar have new and the latest machinery imported from abroad. That’s why they try to capture
the new or latest market.
Huge share:
There is upto 48% share of agro-chemicals in Pakistan. Means the Agro chemicals that is the major
brand of AAG captures a lot market share in Pakistan.
Communication:
Communication system is very strong in the Ali Akbar group. If the upper management makes
new rules or the policies so within a day all the employees of the organization have the proper or
detailed information of that new rule or the policy.
Own Distribution:
As the above discussed that the company had their own distributors so the organization don’t have
to depend on the other distribution channels or they can directly link with their consumers.

Weakness:
Performance Appraisal:
No proper method is used for the performance appraisals of the employees.
No feedback:
As the employees need to know what the work they have done right or wrong so there is no proper
feedback system in the organization that employees not get proper feedback of their work.
No proper training:
There is no proper training teams are available who taught to employees how to do the work.
Everything have to manage by the employees by their own.

41
Opportunities:
Insecticides:
As the organization completely engaged with the insecticides but when it time for the crawling
and flying insects they failed they have the opportunity to avail the chance.
Expand Globally:
AAG have the opportunity to expand the business globally as they are not still hitting the foreign
countries but it is the gap for the organization to hit the globally.
E-Marketing:
There is no proper usage of E-marketing by the AAG.

Threats:
Political Instability:
There is political instability in the country that becomes the major threats for the organization.
Important brands:
The important or the new brands enter in to the market that will hit the roots of the AAG. This is
the biggest threat to the organization.
Raw material price:
As the price of the Raw material increases day by day so automatically the price of the goods will
increase and it will definitely affects the sale of the goods.

42
Conclusion

AAG is a market leader due to different reasons. Its price is high against its competitors but it
matches its quality with its competitors. AAG is using its brand name to promote its products &
it’s very popular as compared to its competitors. Its packaging is good. We can easily find AAG
products from any retailer shop. The services provided by the Ali Akbar group are very beneficial
for the distributors and the farmers. Farmers must have to aware the agricultural problems so they
have the idea about the products benefit for the agriculture. It has always maintained the quality
of its quality. From our report it is concluded that AAG has a good reputation as a strong consumer
brand. Company has the power or potential to improve its financial position and get back the
position ones they hold before.

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Recommendation
AAG is not using the proper appraising method so the company have to conduct different methods
for appraising employee’s performance and also provide them the proper feedback and get the
suggestions so the employees can be motivated towards their tasks in the daily operations.
Company already have the huge distribution channel in all over the Pakistan but there are some
rural areas where the AAG can’t reach. So the company have to focus on those areas and try to
reach the areas and fulfill their requirements. The company have to issue the specific budget for
the training programs. So in future good training programs can be made and then it’s easy for the
employees to get the training of their work.

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References
➢ http://www.aliakbargroup.com/
➢ http://finance.gov.pk/survey/chapters_19/Economic_Survey_2018_19.pdf
➢ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture_in_Pakistan
➢ http://www.finance.gov.pk/survey/chapters_18/02-Agriculture.pdf
➢ https://fp.brecorder.com/2019/03/20190306451966/
➢ https://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/economies/Asia-and-the-Pacific/Pakistan-
AGRICULTURE.html
➢ https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/contribution-of-agriculture-sector-in-the-gdp-
growth-rate-of-pakistan-2375-4389-1000184.php?aid=71383
➢ https://www.akhuwat.org.pk/mou-signing-ceremony-between-akhuwat-and-ali-akbar-group/
➢ http://www.aliakbargroup.com/products/
➢ https://www.linkedin.com/company/ali-akbar-group-pvt-ltd/

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