CONSTITUTIONAL LAW II

Atty. Gene Abot

Monday 6-9PM

A. Fundamental Powers of the State

a. Police Power
A. Definition, Scope and Basis
1. Rights affected (human and property rights)
B. Exercising Authority
1. National government
2. Administrative Agencies
3. Local governments
a. General welfare clause
b. Ordinances and Resolutions pursuant General welfare clause
c. Other basis
C. Determination of the validity in the exercise of Police Power
1. Presumption of validity and burden of proof to invalidate
a. Presumption disputable
2. Tests for validity
a. In general
(1) Rational relations test viz New Equal Protection Approach
(2) Void on its face
b. Local governments
(1) Requisites of valid ordinances
3. Limitations
a. In general
(1) Constitutional
(a) Against due process and equal protection
(b) As against non-impairment of contracts
(2) Reasonableness
(a) Definitive studies not required
(b) Need not be the “best” means, as long as not whimsical
(3) Reasonable relation of purpose and means
b. Local governments
(1) Not contrary to Constitution and statutes
(2) Regulation viz Prohibition, Regulation viz Confiscation
(a) Regulatory ordinance
(b) Zoning ordinance
(3) Must establish a rule for impartial enforcement
D. Purposes
1. Public health
2. Public welfare
a. Right of the people to a balanced and healthful ecology
b. Theaters, theatrical performances, cinematographs, public exhibitions and all other
performances and places of amusements
(1) If regulation of ticket pricing allowed under Charter
(2) Right of proprietor to fix ticket prices
(3) Theaters not public utilities
3. Public morals
a. Motels, nightclubs, massage parlors, etc.

CASES :
1. Ichong vs Hernandez- GR L-7995, May 31, 1957

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 2. Republic v. Meralco, G.R. No. 141314, Nov. 15, 2002
3. Lutz vs Araneta, GR L-7859, Dec. 22, 1955
4. Tio vs. Videogram Regulatory Board, GR L-75697, June 18, 1987
5. Manila Memorial Park , Inc vs Secretary of DSWD- GR No. 1751356, Dec. 3, 2013
6. White Light Corp vs City of Manila- GR No. 122846, Jan, 20, 2009
7. Association of Small Landowners vs Secretary of Agrarian Reform- GR No. 78742, July 14, 1989
8. Taxicab Operators of Metro Manila vs Board of Transportation, GR L-59234, Sept 30, 1982
9. Lozano vs Martinez, GR L-63419, Dec 18, 1986
10. Department of Education vs San Diego, GR No. 89572, Dec 21, 1989
11. Telecommunications and Broadcast Attorneys of the Philippines vs COMELEC, GR No. 132922, Apr 21,
1990
12. Lorenzo vs Director of Health, GR No. 27484, Sept. 1, 1927-
13. Ynot vs Intermediate Appellate Court, GR No. 14457, Mar 20, 1987
14. MMDA v. Bel-Air Village Assn., GR No. 135962, March 27, 2000
15. Batangas CATV, vs. CA, G.R. No. 138810, September 29, 2004

b. Eminent domain

A. Definition and Nature

1. Power of the government
2. Power not absolute
3. Power of eminent domain as against Procedure of expropriation
4. The general power to exercise the right of eminent domain and the right to exercise eminent domain
5. Power of eminent domain different from police power
6. Intermingling of police power and power of eminent domain; Determination
B. Limitations
1. In general
a. Constitutional
(1) Article III, Section 9, 1987 Constitution
(2) Due Process and equal protection clauses (Article III, Section 1, 1987 Constitution)
(a) Due Process
[1] Specific to eminent domain
[a] the government may not capriciously or arbitrarily choose what
private property should be taken
[b] Just compensation when private property taken for public use
[2] In general
(b) Equal protection clause
(3) In relation to Non-impairment clause
b. Not merely for public convenience
c. Prohibition does not lie against expropriation
d. Eminent Domain Not Barred by Res Judicata
2. Local government
C. Construction and Burden of proof
1. Construction
2. Burden of proof
D. Stages for expropriation
E. Judicial process
1. Role of court
2. Nature of proceedings
3. Jurisdiction
4. Rule applicable
a. Ordinary cases (Rule 67, Rules of Court)
b. National Government Infrastructure Projects (RA 8974)

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 5. Procedure
F. Authority to expropriate
1. National government
2. Local government
a. In general (Local Government Code)
b. Charters

CASES:
1. Republic of the Philippines vs La Orden de PP. Benedictinos de Filipinos, GR L-12792, Feb 28, 1961
2. Republic v. Salem Investment, G.R. No. 137569, June 23, 2000
3. Republic v. CA, G.R. No. 146587, July 2, 2002
4. City of Manila vs Chinese Community, GR L-14355, Oct 31, 1919
5. Republic of the Philippines vs PLDT, GR L-18841, Jan. 27, 1969
6. PLDT vs NTC, GR No. 88404, Oct 18, 1990
7. NPC vs Aguirre-Paderanga- GR No. 155065, July 28, 2005
8. Republic vs Castellvi-GR L-20620, Aug. 15, 1974
9. City Government of Quezon City vs Ericta- GR L-34915, June 24, 1983
10. LBP vs Bellista- GR No. 164631, June 26, 2009
11. Sy vs Local Government of Quezon City- GR No. 202690, June 5, 2013
12. NPC vs Heirs of Sangkay- GR No. 165828, Aug. 24, 2011

c. Taxation

A. Definition
1. Classification
B. Purpose
1. Taxes
a. Taxation as implement of Police Power
[1] License fees for regulation viz taxes for revenue
[a] Amount allowed
2. Tariffs and Custom duties
C. Exercising Authority
1. National Government
2. Local Government
D. Limitations
1. Constitutional guarantees
a. Equal protection
2. Double taxation
E. Tax exemptions
1. Nature of use (actually, directly, and exclusively)
2. Institutions
a. Under the Constitution
(1) Religious
(a) License fees
(b) Assessment for gift tax
(2) Charitable
(a) Hospitals
(b) Donations for charitable institutions
[1] Non-essential goods as donation
(3) Educational
(4) Combination
F. Construction and Burden of Proof
1. Tax Exemptions

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 a. Special assessments
2. Tax Deductions

CASES:
1. Angeles University Foundation vs City of Angeles- GR No. 189999, June 27, 2012
2. Cojuangco vs Republic- GR No. 180705, Nov. 27, 2012
3. Republic vs Cocofed- GR No. 147062-64, Dec. 14, 2001
4. Lung Center of the Philippines vs Quezon City Government- GR No. 144104, June 29, 2004
5. PAGCOR vs BIR- GR No. 172087, Mar 15, 2011
6. Punzalan vs Municipal Board of Manila- GR L-4817, May 26, 1954

B. Bill of Rights

a. Concept of the Bill of Rights

b. General characteristics of rights under the Bill of Rights
c. Purpose of the Bill of Rights
d. Threats against rights and liberties
e. Classification
i. Civil Rights
ii. Political Rights
iii. Social and Economic Rights
f. Doctrine of Preferred Freedom (Hierarchy of Rights)
1. Philippine Blooming Mills Employment Organization vs. Philippine Blooming Mills Co. Inc., GR L- 31195, 5
June 1973.
1. Human rights over property rights
2. Tests
a. Balancing of Interests.
b. Dangerous Tendency.
c. Clear and Present Danger.

G. History of the Bill of Rights

1. Origin of the Bill of Rights
a. England
(1) Charter of Liberties
(2) Magna Carta (1215)
(3) Petition of Rights (1628) and the Bill of Rights (1689)
b. United States
(1) United States Constitution (1789)
(2) Amendments to the United States Constitution
2. Introduction of the Bill of Rights in the Philippines
a. McKinley's Instructions (1900)
b. Philippine Bill of 1902
c. Philippine Autonomy Act of 1916
d. 1935 Philippine Constitution
e. 1973 Philippine Constitution
f. 1987 Philippine Constitution

a. Due Process of law

1. Ichong vs. Hernandez [G.R. No. L-7995, May 31, 1957]
2. Philippine Phosphate Fertilizer Corp. vs. Torres [G.R. No. 98050, March 17, 1994]
3. Ynot vs. Intermediate Appellate Court [G.R. No. 74457, March 20, 1987]
4. Alonte vs. Savellano [G.R. No. 131652, March 9, 1998]
5. Aniag vs. COMELEC [G.R. No. 104961, October 7, 1994]

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6. Philippine Communications Satellite Corp. vs. Alcuaz [G.R. No. 84818, December 18, 1989]
7. Ang Tibay vs. Court of Industrial Relations [G.R. No. 46496, February 27, 1940]
8. Ateneo de Manila vs. Capulong [G.R. No. 99327, May 27, 1993]

b. Equal protection of the laws

1. People vs. Vera [G.R. No. 45685, November 16, 1937]
2. Ichong vs. Hernandez [G.R. No. L-7995, May 31, 1957]
3. Villegas vs. Hiu Chiong Tsai Pao Ho [G.R. No. L-29646, November 10, 1978]
4. Dumlao vs. COMELEC [G.R. No. L-52245, January 22, 1980]
5. Philippine Association of Service Exporters vs. Drilon [G.R. No. L-81958, June 30, 1988]
6. Himagan vs. People [G.R. No. 113811, October 7, 1994]
7. Quinto vs. COMELEC [G.R. No. 189698, February 22, 2010]
8. Biraogo vs. The Philippine Truth Commission [G.R. No. 192935, December 7, 2010]
9. Almonte vs. Vazquez [G.R. No. 95367, May 23, 1995]
10. Ormoc Sugar Co., Inc. vs. Treasurer of Ormoc City [G.R. No. L-23794, February 17, 1968]

c. Security against unreasonable search and seizure

1. People vs. Marti [G.R. No. 81561, January 18, 1991]
2. Stonehill vs. Diokno [G.R. No. L-19550, June 19, 1967]
3. Soliven vs. Makasiar [G.R. No. 82585, November 14, 1988]
4. Silva vs. Presiding Judge of RTC, Negros Oriental [G.R. No. 81756, October 21, 1991]
5. Morano vs. Vivo [G.R. No. L-22196, June 30, 1967]
6. Harvey vs. Santiago [G.R. No. 82544, June 28, 1988]
7. Alvarez vs. CFI [G.R. No. 45358, January 29, 1937]
8. Mata vs. Bayona [G.R. No. 50720, March 26, 1984]
9. People vs. Del Rosario [G.R. No. 109633, July 20, 1994]
10. Umil vs. Ramos [G.R. No. 81567, July 9, 1990]
11. People vs. Sucro [G.R. No. 93239, March 18, 1991]
12. People vs. Rodrigueza [G.R. No. 95902, February 4, 1992]
13. Go. Vs. Court of Appeals [G.R. No. 101837, February 11, 1992]
14. Posadas vs. Court of Appeals [G.R. No. 89139, August 2, 1990]
15. People vs. Mengote [G.R. No. 87059, June 22, 1992]
16. Malacat vs. Court of Appeals [G.R. No. 123595, December 12, 1997]
17. People vs. Aminnudin [G.R. No. L-74869, July 6, 1988]
18. People vs. Malmstedt [G.R. No. 91107, June 19, 1991]
19. Espano vs. Court of Appeals [G.R. No. 120431, April 1, 1998]
20. Papa vs. Mago [G.R. No. L-27360, February 28, 1968]
21. People vs. Musa [G.R. No. 96177, January 27, 1993]
22. Valmonte vs. De Villa [G.R. No. 83988, September 29, 1989]

23. Rules 113 and 126 of the Revised Rules of Court

d. Privacy of communication and correspondence

1. Ramirez vs. Court of Appeals [G.R. No. 93833, September 28, 1995]
2. Zulueta vs. Court of Appeals [G.R. No. 107383, February 20, 1996]
3. Navarro vs. Court of Appeals [G.R. No. 121087, August 26, 1999]
4. Ople vs. Torres [G.R. No. 127685, July 23, 1998]

e. Freedom of expression
1. United States vs. Bustos [G.R. No. L-12592, March 8, 1918]
2. People vs. Alarcon [G.R. No. 46551, December 12, 1939]
3. Ayer Productions PTY Ltd. vs. Capulong [G.R. No. L-82380, April 29, 1988]
4. Borjal vs. Court of Appeals [G.R. No. 126466, January 14, 1999]

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5. Reyes vs. Bagatsing [G.R. No. L-65366, November 9, 1983]
6. Pita vs. Court of Appeals [G.R. No. 80806, October 5, 1989]
7. Social Weather Stations, Inc. vs. COMELEC [G.R. No. 147571, May 5, 2001]

f. Assembly and Petition

8. Primicias vs. Fugoso [G.R. No. L-1800, January 27, 1948]
9. Malabanan vs. Ramento [G.R. No. 62270, May 21, 1984]
10. De la Cruz vs. Court of Appeals [G.R. No. 126183, March 25, 1999]
11. PBM Employees Association vs. Philippine Blooming Mills [G.R. No. L-31195, June 5, 1973]
12. Bayan vs. Ermita [G.R. No. 169838, April 25, 2006]

13. Batas Pambansa Blg. 880

g. Freedom of religion
1. Aglipay vs. Ruiz [G.R. No. 45459, March 13, 1937]
2. Garces vs. Estenzo [G.R. No. L-53487, May 25, 1981]
3. American Bible Society vs. City of Manila [G.R. No. L-9637, April 30, 1957]
4. Iglesia Ni Cristo vs. Court of Appeals [G.R. No. 119673, July 26, 1996]
5. Ebralinag vs. Division Superintendent of Cebu [G.R. No. 95770, March 1, 1993]
6. Estrada vs. Escritor [A.M. No. P-02-1651, June 22, 2006]

h. Liberty of abode and travel

1. Marcos vs. Manglapus [G.R. No. 88211, September 15, 1989]
2. Manotoc vs. Court of Appeals [G.R. No. L-62100, May 30, 1986]
3. Silverio vs. Court of Appeals [G.R. No. 94284, April 8, 1991]

i. Right to information and access to official records

1. Legaspi vs. Civil Service Commission [G.R. No. 72119, May 29, 1987]
2. Valmonte vs. Belmonte, Jr. [G.R. No. 74930, February 13, 1989]
3. Province of Cotabato vs. The Gov’t. of the RP Peace Panel on Ancestral Domain [G.R. No. 183591, October 14,
2008]
4. Echagaray vs. Secretary of Justice [G.R. NO. 132601, October 12, 1998]
5. Chavez vs. Presidential Commission on Good Government [G.R. No. 130716, December 9, 1998]

j. Right of association
1. SSS Employees Association vs. Court of Appeals [G.R. No. 85279, July 28, 1989]
2. Victoriano vs. Elizalde Rope Workers’ Union [G.R. No. L-25246, September 12, 1974]
3. In re: IBP membership Dues Delinquency of Atty. Marcial Edillon [A.C. No. 1928, August 3, 1978]

k. Non-impairment of the obligation of contracts

1. Rutter vs. Esteban [G.R. No. L-3708, May 18, 1953]
2. Ortigas & Co. Ltd. Partnership vs. Feati Bank & Trust Co. [G.R. No. L-24670, December 14, 1979]
3. Lozano vs. Martinez [G.R. No. L-63419, December 18, 1986]
4. Ganzon vs. Inserto [G.R. No. L-56450, July 25, 1983]

l. Free access to courts and quasi-judicial bodies

m. Rights of the accused
1. To remain silent and to counsel
1. Gamboa vs. Cruz [G.R. No. L-56291, June 27, 1988]
2. People vs. Macam [G.R. Nos. 91011-12, November 24, 1994]
3. People vs. Judge Ayson [G.R. No. 85215, July 7, 1989]
4. People vs. Pinlac [G.R. Nos. 74123-24, September 26, 1988]
5. People vs. Bolanos [G.R. No. 101808, July 3, 1992]

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6. People vs. Andan [G.R. No. 116437, March 3, 1997]
7. Navallo vs. Sandiganbayan [G.R. No. 97214, July 18, 1994]
8. People vs. Dy [G.R. No. 74517, February 23, 1988]
9. People vs. Alicando [G.R. No. 117487, December 12, 1995]

10. Republic Act No. 7438

2. To bail
1. Basco vs. Rapatalo [Adm. Matter No. RTJ-96-1335, March 5, 1997]
2. People vs. Judge Donato [G.R. No. 79269, June 5, 1991]
3. People vs. Fortes [G.R. No. 90643, June 25, 1993]
4. Comendador vs. De Villa [G.R. No. 93177, August 2, 1991]
5. Baylon vs. Judge Sison [Adm. Matter No. 92-7-360-0, April 6, 1995]
6. Manotoc vs. Court of Appeals [G.R. No. L-62100, May 30, 1986]
7. Government of the U.S. vs. Judge Puruganan [G.R. No. 148571, September 24, 2002; December 17, 2002]
8. Government of Hong Kong vs. Hon. Olalia [G.R. No. 153675, April 19, 2007]

9. Rule 114, Revised Rules of Court

3. To criminal due process

1. Tatad vs. Sandiganbayan [G.R. Nos. L-72335-39. March 21, 1988.]
2. Galman vs. Sandiganbayan [G.R. No. 72670, September 12, 1986]
3. Alonte vs. Savellano [G.R. No. 131652, March 9, 1998]

4. To be presumed innocent
1. People vs. Dramayo [G.R. No. L-21325, October 29, 1971]
2. Dumlao vs. COMELEC [G.R. No. L-52245, January 22, 1980]
3. Marquez vs. COMELEC [G.R. No. 112889, April 18, 1995]
4. Corpus vs. People [G.R. No. 74259, February 14, 1991]
5. Feeder International Line vs. CA [G.R. No. 94262 May 31, 1991]

5. To be heard
1. People vs. Holgado [G.R. No. L-2809, March 22, 1950]
2. People vs. Agbayani [G.R. No. 122770, January 16, 1998]

6. To be informed
3. Amion vs. Judge Chiongson [A.M. No. RTJ-97-1371, January 22, 1999]
4. People vs. Quitlong [G.R. No. 121502, July 10, 1998]
5. Pecho vs. People [G.R. No. 111399, September 27, 1996]
6. Soriano vs. Sandiganbayan [G.R. No. L-65952, July 31, 1984]
7. Borja vs. Mendoza [G.R. No. L-45667, June 20, 1977]

7. To confront witnesses and secure attendance of witnesses

1. United States vs. Javier [G.R. No. L-12990, January 21, 1918]
2. Talino vs. Sandiganbayan [G.R. Nos. L-75511-14, March 16, 1987]

8. To speedy, impartial, public trial

1. People vs. Tee [G.R. Nos. 140546-47, January 20, 2003]
2. Flores vs. People [G.R. No. L-25769, December 10, 1974]
3. Conde vs. Rivera [G.R. No. 21741, January 25, 1924]
4. Republic Act No. 8493
5. Mateo, Jr. vs. Villaluz [G.R. Nos. L-34756-59, March 31, 1973]
6. Garcia vs. Domingo [G.R. No. L-30104, July 25, 1973]

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7. In re: request for Live Radio and TV Coverage of the Trial in the Sandiganbayan of the Plunder Cases against Former
President Joseph Estrada [A.M. No. 00-1-4-03-SC, September 13, 2001]
8. Re: Petition For Radio And Television Coverage Of The Multiple Murder Cases Against Maguindanao Governor
Zaldy Ampatuan, et al.,; A.M. No. 10-11-5-SC, June 14, 2011
9. People vs. Mapalao [G.R. No. 92415, May 14, 1991]
10. People vs. Valeriano [G.R. Nos. 103604-05, September 23, 1993]

9. Against self-incrimination
1. United States vs. Tan Teng [G.R. No. 7081, September 7, 1912]
2. Villaflor vs. Summers [G.R. No. 16444, September 8, 1920]
3. Beltran vs. Samson [G.R. No. 32025, September 23, 1929]
4. Chavez vs. Court of Appeals [G.R. No. L-29169, August 19, 1968]
5. People vs. Gallarde [G.R. No. 133025, February 27, 2000]
6. Pascual vs. Board of Medical Examiners [G.R. No. L-25018, May 26, 1969]
7. Mapa, Jr. vs. Sandiganbayan [G.R. No. 100295, April 26, 1994]

10. Compulsory Processes

8. Roco vs. Cervantes [G.R. No. 158275, June 28, 2005]

11. Writ of habeas corpus

1. Lansang vs. Garcia [G.R. No. L-33964, December 11, 1971]

2. Jackson vs. Macalino [G.R. No. 139255, November 24, 2003]

12. Rules on Habeas Data

13. Rules on Writ of Amparo

14. Right to speedy disposition of cases before judicial, quasi-judicial and administrative
bodies
1. Padua vs. Ericta [G.R. No. L-38570, May 24, 1988]
2. Flores vs. People [G.R. No. L-25769, December 10, 1974]

15. Involuntary servitude

16. Prohibited punishments
1. People vs. Estoista [G.R. No. L-5793, August 27, 1953]
2. People vs. Esparas [G.R. No. 120034, August 20, 1996]
3. Echagaray vs. Secretary of Justice [G.R. No. 132601, October 12, 1998]

17. Non-imprisonment for debt

1. Serafin vs. Lindayag [A.M. No. 297-MJ, September 30, 1975]
2. Lozano vs. Martinez [G.R. No. L-63419, December 18, 1986]

18. Double jeopardy

1. Philippine Savings Bank vs. Bermoy [ G.R. No. 151912, September 26, 2005]
2. People vs. Obsania [G.R. No. L-24447, June 29, 1968]
3. Paulin vs. Gimenez [G.R. No. 103323, January 21, 1993]
4. Icasiano vs. Sandiganbayan [G.R. No. 95642, May 28, 1992]
5. Lejano vs. People of the Philippines [G.R. No. 176389, January 18, 2011]
6. People vs. Balisacan [G.R. No. L-26376, August 31, 1966]
7. People vs. City Court of Silay [G.R. No. L-43790, December 9, 1976]
8. Esmeña vs. Pogoy [G.R. No. L-54110, February 20, 1981]
9. People vs. Pineda [G.R. No. L-44205, February 16, 1993]

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 10. People vs. Tampal [G.R. No. 102485, May 22, 1995]
11. Melo vs. People [G.R. No. L-3580, March 22, 1950]
12. People vs. Adil [G.R. No. L-41863, April 22, 1977]
13. People vs. Relova [G.R. No. L-45129, March 6, 1987]

19. Ex-post facto law or bill of attainder

1. In re Kay Villegas Kami, Inc., 35 SCRA 429
2. Bayot v. Sandiganbayan, 128 SCRA 383
3. Calder v. Bull, 3 Dallas 386
4. Cummings v. Missouri, 71 U.S. 277
5. Misolas v. Panga, Jan. 30, 1990
6. People v. Ferrer, 48 SCRA 382
7. United States v. Lovett, 328 U. S. 303
8. Wright v. CA, Aug. 15, 1994
9. Lacson v. Exec. Secretary, Jan. 20, 1999

C. CITIZENSHIP

1. Co vs. House of Representatives [G.R. Nos. 92191-92, July 30, 1991]

2. Yu vs. Defensor-Santiago [G.R. No. 83882, January 24, 1989]
3. Frivaldo vs. COMELEC [G.R. No. 87193, June 23, 1989]
4. Republic vs. De la Rosa [G.R. No. 104654, June 6, 1994]
5. Labo vs. COMELEC [G.R. No. 86564, August 1, 1989]
6. Aznar vs. COMELEC [G.R. No. 83820, May 25, 1990]
7. Mercado vs. Manzano [G.R. No. 135083, May 26, 1999]
8. In re: Application for Admission to the Bar of Vicente Ching [B.M. No. 914, October 1, 1999]
9. Bengzon III vs. HRET [G.R. No. 142840, May 7, 2001]
10. Mo Ya Lim Yao vs. Commissioner of Immigration [G.R. No. L-21289, October 4, 1971]
11. Tecson vs. COMELEC [G.R. No. 161434, March 3, 2004]
12. Republic vs. Lim [G.R. No. 153883, January 13, 2004]
13. Altajeros vs. COMELEC [G.R. No. 163256, November 10, 2004]

14. Commonwealth Act No. 625

15. Commonwealth Act No. 63
16. Commonwealth Act No. 473
17. Republic Act No. 530
18. Republic Act No. 9225
19. Republic Act No. 8171