CE/IT COMPUTER NETWORS

PRACTICAL: 11
Date:___________
AIM: - Configuration of DHCP server in packet tracer
Introduction:

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a standardized networking protocol used

on Internet Protocol (IP) networks for dynamically distributing network configuration parameters,
such as IP addresses for interfaces and services. With DHCP computers request IP addresses and
networking parameters automatically from a DHCP server

The DHCP server assigns a client an IP address taken from a predefined scope for a given amount of
time. If an IP address is required for longer than the lease has been set for, the client must request an
extension before the lease expires. If the client has not requested an extension on the lease time, the
IP address will be considered free and can be assigned to another client. If the user wishes to change
IP address then they can do so by typing "ipconfig /release", followed by "ipconfig /renew" in the
command prompt. This will remove the current IP address and request a new one. Reservations can
be defined on the DHCP server to allow certain clients to have their own IP address (this will be
discussed a little later on). Addresses can be reserved for a MAC address or a host name so these
clients will have a fixed IP address that is configured automatically. Most Internet Service Providers
use DHCP to assign new IP addresses to client computers when a customer connects to the internet -
this simplifies things at user level.

The above diagram displays a simple structure consisting of a DHCP server and a number of client
computers on a network.

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The DHCP Server itself contains an IP Address Database which holds all the IP addresses available
for distribution. If the client (a member of the network with a Windows 2000 Professional/XP
operating system, for example) has "obtain an IP address automatically" enabled in TCP/IP settings,
then it is able to receive an IP address from the DHCP server.

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a standardized networking protocol used on

Internet Protocol (IP) networks for dynamically distributing network configuration parameters, such
as IP addresses for interfaces and services. With DHCP computers request IP addresses and
networking parameters automatically from a DHCP server

DHCP server may have three methods of allocating IP-addresses:

 Dynamic allocation: A network administrator reserves a range of IP addresses for DHCP, and
each client computer on the LAN is configured to request an IP address from the DHCP
server during network initialization. The request-and-grant process uses a lease concept with a
controllable time period, allowing the DHCP server to reclaim (and then reallocate) IP
addresses that are not renewed.
 Automatic allocation: The DHCP server permanently assigns an IP address to a requesting
client from the range defined by the administrator. This is like dynamic allocation, but the
DHCP server keeps a table of past IP address assignments, so that it can preferentially assign
to a client the same IP address that the client previously had.
 Static allocation: The DHCP server allocates an IP address based on a preconfigured mapping
to each client's MAC address. This feature is variously called static DHCP assignment by DD-
WRT, fixed-address by the dhcp documentation, address reservation by Netgear, DHCP
reservation or static DHCP by Cisco and Linksys, and IP address reservation or MAC/IP
address binding by various other router manufacturers.
 Manual: where user or administrator have to insert IP address according to network range. It
is time consuming process.

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1. Net map for configuration of network with DHCP Server in network

 Configure Static IP address on server. This is necessary because for client pc to request for
and address from the server, it has to sent the request to a specific address i.e. the IP address
of the server.

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IP Range: 192.168.0.1 – 192.168.0.255

Network ID:192.168.0.0

Gateway and its subnet: 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.0

Excluded IP range from DHCP:192.168.0.2 – 192.168.0.10

IP Range for DHCP: 192.168.0.11 – 192.168.0.254

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2. Net map for configuration of network with Router as DHCP service

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Now go on your PC and on their IP Configuration tabs , enable DHCP. Every PC should be able to
obtain the an IP address, default gateway and DNS server, as defined above. For ex, to enable DHCP
on PC1:

Click PC>Desktop>IP Configuration. Then enble DHCP:

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CE/IT COMPUTER NETWORS

3. Net map for configuration of network with DHCP Server via Router
IP of server : 192.168.2.2
Default gateway: 192.168.2.1

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Now configure both router.

 Click on server>Services>DHCP
 We will configure DHCP server pool named pool1 and pool2 on the generic server. This pool
will provide addresses to hosts in LANs. Make sure to turn on the DHCP service on the
server.

Add the command ip helper-address 192.168.2.1 on the interface configuration mode of 0/0 on router
0.

 Lasty enable DHCP on PCs in LANs. The PCs will obtain their address from the DHCP
server.
For example, here is PC3 IP configuration:

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Lab Exercise

1. What is scope?
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2. List types of IP address Allocation methods with its brief

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CE/IT COMPUTER NETWORS

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3. What is IP reservation?
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Sign of Faculty.

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