TOURISM

The Definition of Tourism varies source by source, person by person. There is no

consensus concerning the definition of tourism. Nearly every each institution
define "Tourism" differently. But When it comes to explain it with the basic terms,
we can sum it up as follows;

"Tourism is a collection of activities, services and industries which deliver a travel

experience comprising transportation, accommodation, eating and drinking
establishments, retail shops, entertainment businesses and othe hospitality services
provided for individuals or groups traveling away from home"

"The sum of the phenomena and relationships arising from the interaction of tourists,
business suppliers, host goverments and host communities in the process of
attracting and hostin these tourists and other visitors"
Macintosh and Goeldner

First Definition for Tourism

The first definition of tourism was made by Guyer Feuler in 1905.

“Tourism is the temporary, short-term movement of people to destination outside the
places where they normally live and work and their activities during the stay at each
destination

UNWTO Definition of Tourism

In order to prevent the disaccords to define "Tourism", UNWTO defined it as

indicated below;

"Tourism comprises the activities of persons traveling to and staying in places outside
their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business
and other purposes."

Tourism is different from travel. In order for tourism to happen, there must be a
displacement: an individual has to travel, using any type of means of transportation
(he might even travel on foot: nowadays, it is often the case for poorer societies, and
happens even in more developed ones, and concerns pilgrims, hikers …). But all
travel is not tourism.

Three criteria are used simultaneously in order to characterize a trip as belonging to

tourism. The displacement must be such that;
  It involves a displacement outside the usual environment: this term is of utmost
importance and will be discussed later on;
 Type of purpose: the travel must occur for any purpose different from being
remunerated from within the place visited: the previous limits, where tourism
was restricted to recreation and visiting family and friends are now expanded to
include a vast array of purposes;
 Duration: only a maximal duration is mentioned, not a minimal. Tourism
displacement can be with or without an overnight stay. We shall discuss the
particularity of in transit visits, from a conceptual and statistical point of view.

TOUR

A tour is an organized trip that people such as musicians, politicians, or theatre

companies go on to several different places, stopping to meet people or perform.

Escorted Tour

Escorted Tours are our most popular product. Escorted tours are normally
conducted by a tour director who takes care of all services from beginning to end
of the tour. Escorted tours normally include flights, hotels, transportation,
transfers to the airport/hotel, most meals and sightseeing. Escorted Tours are
conducted by motor-coach and usually no more than 2 nights are spent in each
location visited. Escorted Tours are usually fast-paced and prices include much of
the sightseeing.

Guided/Hosted Tour

Guided Tours are somewhat similar to Escorted tours but passengers are greeted
by a local representative rather than a Tour Director and will not be escorted to all
activities and functions. Local guides will be available to answer questions through
the duration of the tour. Some meals, accommodations and sightseeing may be
included in your tour. This style is ideal for people who want some freedom but
still have the comfort of a guide.

Independent Vacation

These vacations usually spend 2 or 3 nights in each location visited and usually
only a few locations are visited. A tour guide is normally not included, but there is
a usually a host available to answer questions and suggest sightseeing. Few meals
and some sightseeing are typically included, but a lot of free time to explore is
available. These vacations are ideal for independent travelers looking to set their
own pace.
Rail Tour

Rail tours offer a unique type of vacation in which much of the transportation is
conducted via rail. Trains have been a fascination of many for years and with these
select rail journeys you will get to experience the wondrous view, comfort and
excitement of a train with the in-depth experience of a hosted or escorted tour.

River Cruise

A River Cruise is basically a tour that is conducted on a small or medium sized

cruise-ship and travels via rivers instead of rail or road.

Small Ship Cruising

Small ship cruises take travelers where big ships simply cannot, such as to the
exotic Galapagos Islands, where colorful birds and reptiles make their home in this
remote location. Small ships also visit "mainstream" locales, such as the Caribbean,
Alaska, Hawaii and the Mediterranean¦ but because the ships are able to
maneuver in small coves and channels, they can dock at more intimate ports,
making for a fascinating travel experience.

Tour and Cruise

This is a tour or independent vacation that also has an accompanying cruise. The
cruise is at least 3 nights or more. Tours with a one-day or overnight cruise are
simply considered Escorted Tours.

TOURIST.

A temporary visitor to a place. People who leave their usual place of residence and
work to have a change from their usual routine for a short time, they stay at the
place overnight i.e. for at least 24 hours.

1. Leisure tourist- recreation activities or enjoyment

2. Business tourist – main motive for travel is to make profit or expanding their
business

VISITOR

Any person visiting a country other than his usual placeof residence for any other
reason than following an occupation from within the country visited.

EXCURSIONIST
A day visitor who stays for less than 24 hours at a place. Excursionists do not stay
overnight.

DOMESTIC

residents of a country travelling within the borders of that country.

 DELHI----------------------MUMBAI.

INTERNATIONAL
Travelling from one country to another
 Inbound tourism - this refers to incoming tourist or tourist
entering a country
 Outbound tourism- this refers to outgoing tourist or tourist
leaving their country of origin to travel to another country.

DESTINATION

The place where the tourist travel for leisure or business related activities. There can
be no tourism without a destination. For a destination to develop and sustain itself,
the following five A’s are (classic five ‘A’s of tourism) are:

1. Accessibility – refers to transport and transport infrastructure.

2. Accommodation –refers to place to stay
3. Amenities- facilities available at the destination which help in meeting the
needs of the tourist.
4. Attraction- reason for travel( natural, human made, cultural, social)
5. Activities- thing to do.

Growth of Tourism in India

Tourism in India has a strong relevance to economic development, cultural growth

and national integration. As mentioned earlier, India is a vast country of great
beauty and diversity and her tourist potential is equally vast. With her rich cultural
heritage as superbly manifest in many of the architectural wonders (palaces,
temples, mosques, forts, etc), caves and prehistoric wall paintings, her widely varied
topography ranging from the monotonous plains to the loftiest mountains of the
world, her large climatic variations ranging from some of the wettest and the driest
as well as from the hottest and the coldest parts of the world, beautiful long beaches
on the sea coast, vast stretches of sands, gregarious tropical forests and above all,
the great variety of the life-style, India offers an unending choice for the tourist.

The root of tourism in India can be traced to pilgrimage. Places of pilgrimage

provided a firm ground to tourism in the beginning and still continue to be one of the
most effective factors of promoting tourism in India. It is interesting to note that in
the early stages, pilgrimage based tourism was only of domestic nature but during
recent years, an increasingly large number of foreign tourists have also started
visiting places of pilgrimage. With other attractions gradually gaining ground, one can
notice detectable changes in the character of Indian tourism, with a tilt from
pilgrimage to pleasure trips. Today, the majority of the tourists feel that travelling for
sheer pleasure offers much wider scope than that offered by pilgrimage and thus the
former is always more colourful, lively, intimate, soothing to mind and body and
hence, more enjoyable. Sometimes, people combine pilgrimage with pleasure trips
to draw the benefit of both.Organised tourism in India began in the 1950s with the
genesis of planned development.

AREA/REGION 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 1999 2000 2001

North 3628 33268 62027 107410 153502 334869 432305 417747

America

Central & 63 1833 3441 11157 1819 37988 23131 31413

South
America
Africa 268 17701 24716 45278 62127 136595 94523 104106

Australia 247 2903 13931 26993 30535 101237 67567 66336

Western 8088 18552 104081 331326 514541 807885 875908 821112

Europe

Eastern 170 5482 7912 27855 46073 59893 49764 42568

Europe
West Asia 111 4766 9822 93036 118530 110806 95580 99051

South Asia 1711 18027 27999 539846 590621 624945 673917 672133

South East 1146 12431 31788 65179 78966 142358 148513 142614
Asia
East Asia 768 4841 13885 35267 67793 125108 147674 130809

Stateless 38 - 1393 863 3001 244 8912 9393

Total 16829 139804 300995 1279210 1677508 2481928 2617794 2537282

The tourist arrivals increased from an insignificant of 16.8 thousand in 1951 to 2.6
million in 2000. However a marginal decline had been observed thereafter. This is a
serious trend and must be checked at all costs. Strenuous efforts are required to
encourage the inflow of foreign tourists so that precious foreign exchange could be
earned in good measure.

With the successful launch of very penetrative ad campaign—Incredible India—there

seems to be revival of increasing trend in the tourist arrivals. This, coupled with the
open sky policy and good private-government partnership, is bringing back foreign
tourists to India.

India’s share in the world tourist trade increased marginally from about 0.39 per cent
in the mid-1990s to 0.42 per cent in 2004. A record number of over 2.9 million
foreign tourists visited India in 2004. India’s foreign exchange earnings also increased
from Rs. 12,600.56 crore in 2002 to Rs. 19,562.02 crore in 2004.
 HISTORY OF TOURISM

In the context of the history of tourism, the term "introductory phase" refers to all
the developments, structures and innovations of modern tourism between the first
third of the 19th century and around 1950. ... It also improved the mobility
of tourists and created new trends.
 PRESENT STATUS OF TOURISM IN INDIA.

Tourism in India has seen exponential growth in the recent years.

India is one of the most preferred destinations for both overseas and domestic
travelers. Tourism enables the international traveler to understand and experience
India's cultural diversity first hand. According to official estimates the
Indian tourism industry has out performed the global tourism industry in terms
of growth in the volume of foreign tourists as well as in terms of revenue.The main
reason for the growth in tourism in India is the tremendous progress made by the
Indian economy. Though it must be said that infrastructure is still a constraint. To
sustain the current growth the government should invest in infrastructure like
transport, accommodation, better roads, health and hygiene etc. To propel growth
the industry has invested in newtechnology like CRM tools and state of the art
security systems.
The various segments within tourism are:

Medical Tourism

It is one of the fastest growing segments in India.

India has been able to leverage on certain advantages it has over other countries like
highly skilled doctors, cost effective treatment, improved quality of private
healthcare etc. Some of the common treatments for which overseas patients to
come to India are heart surgery, knee transplant, cosmetic surgery and dental care.
India's traditional rejuvenation therapy like yoga and ayurvedic therapy are also
becoming popular.

Eco Tourism
It is relatively new segment in India.
It involves visiting natural areas without disturbing the fragile ecosystem. Eco
tourism generates wealth for the local people, who in turn take measures to
conserve and protect the environment and natural resources.
India with its natural diversity is one of the pristine places in the world for eco tourism.
The Himalayan region, Kerala, Northeast, Andaman and Nicobar
Islands and Lakshadweep islands the Western and Eastern Ghats are some of the hot
spots for eco tourism in India.
India has some of the best wildlife reserves in the world, rich in flora and fauna.

Heritage Tourism

Heritage tourism is a very lucrative segment in India.

It is widely believed it would emerge as the most important segment within tourism
in terms of revenue generation by 2010.
India has a rich cultural history and reflection of its glorious past is still visible in its
numerous forts, monuments, palaces, places of worship etc. Heritage tourism itself
can be further classified as colonial heritage, urban renewal, religious tourism,
industrial heritage and ethnicity. The
Indian government must show keen interest in preserving the heritage sites from a
tourism perspective.
Adventure Tourism

India's varied geographical and climatic conditions offer excellent opportunity for
adventure sports.
In recent times the popularity of adventure tourism has increased. Adventure sports
like river rafting, rock climbing, mountaineering, trekking, skiing, snow climbing,
scuba diving and angling can be undertaken in the country and the country offers
multiple locations to choose from. The trans Himalayan region, the Garhwal and
Kumaon mountains, the Western Ghats, deserts of Rajasthan, Andaman and
Lakshadweep islands are some of the most popular destination for adventure
tourism.