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265.Judex est lex loquens - A judge is the law speaking.
266.Judex non potest esse testis in propira causa - A judge cannot be witness in his own cause.
267.Judex non potest injuriam sibi datam punire - A judge cannon punish a wrong done to
himself.
268.Judex non reddit plus quam quod petens ipse requirit - A judge does not give more than the
plaintiff himself demands.
269.Judiciis posterioribus fides est adhibenda - Faith must be given to later decisions.
270.Judicis est judicare secundum allegata et probata - It is the duty of a judge to decide
according to the allegations and the proofs.
271.Judicium non debet esse illusorium, suum effectum habere debet - A judgment ought not to
be illusory; it ought to have its proper effect.
272.Juduces non tenentur exprimere causam sententiae suae - Judges are not bound to explain
the reason of their judgment.
273.Jura naturae sunt immutabilia - The laws of nature are immutable.
274.Jura publica anteferenda privatis juribus - Public rights are to be preferred to private rights.
275.Juramentum est indivisibile et non est admittendum in parte verum et in parte falsum - An
oath is indivisible and it is not to be held partly true and partly false.
276.Jurare est Deum in testem vocare, et est actus divini cultus - To swear is to call God to
witness and is an act of divine worship.
277.Jus - A right that is recognised in law.
278.Jus accrescendi praefertur oneribus - The right of survivorship is preferred to incumbrances.
279.Jus ad rem; jus in re - A right to a thing; a right in a thing.
280.Jus dicere, non jus dare - To declare the law, not to make the law.
281.Jus est norma recti; et quicquid est contra normam recti est injuria - The law is a rule of
right; and whatever is contrary to a rule of right is an injury.
282.Jus naturale - Natural justice.
283.Jus naturale est quod apud omnes homines eandem habet potentiam - Natural right is that
which has the same force among all men.
284.Jus scriptum aut non scriptum - The written law or the unwritten law.
285.Jusjurandum inter alios factum nec nocere nec prodesse debet - An oath made between third
parties ought neither to hurt nor profit.
286.Justitia est duplec; severe puniens et vere praeveniens - Justice is two-fold; severely
punishing and in reality prohibiting (offences).
287.Justitia firmatur solium - The throne is established by justice.
288.Justitia nemini neganda est - Justice is to be denied to no one.
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289.Leges posteriores priores contrarias abrogant - Subsequent laws repeal prior conflicting
ones.
290.Leges posteriores priores contrarias abrogant- A later law repeals a prior law on the same
subject which is repugnant thereto.
291.Legibus sumptis desinentibus legibus naturae utendum est - When laws imposed by the
State fail, we must use the laws of nature.
292.Legis interpretation legis vim obtinet- The authoritative interpretation of the court of a
stature acquires the force of law by becoming a part thereof.
293.Lex aliquando sequitur aequitatem - The law sometimes follows equity.
294.Lex citius tolerare vult privatum damnum quam publicum malum - The law would rather
tolerate a private injury than a public evil.
295.Lex dabit remedium - The law will give a remedy.
296.Lex de futuro, judex de praterito- The law provides for the future, the judge for the past.
297.Lex dilationes abhorret - The law abhors delays.
298.Lex est judicum tutissimus ductor - The law is the safest guide for judges.
299.Lex est sanctio sancta jubens honesta et prohibens contraria - The law is a sacred sanction,
commanding what is right and prohibiting the contrary.
300.Lex indendit vicinum vicini facta scire - The law presumes that one neighbor knows the acts
of another.
301.Lex necessitatis est lex temporis i.e. instantis - The law of necessity is the law of time, that
is time present.
302.Lex neminem cogit ad vana seu impossiblia - The law compels no one to do vain or
impossible things.
303.Lex nil frustra facit - The law does nothing in vain.
304.Lex non a rege est violanda - The law must not be violated even by the King.
305.Lex non deficere potest in justitia exhibenda - The law cannot fail in dispensing justice.
306.Lex non favet delicatorum votis - The law does not favor the wishes of the dainty.
307.Lex non novit patrem, nec matrem; solam veritatem - The law does not know neither father
nor mother, only the truth.
308.Lex non oritur ex injuria - The law does not arise from a mere injury.
309.Lex non requirit verificari quod apparet curiae - The law does not require that to be proved
which is apparent to the Court.
310.Lex plus laudatur quando ratione probatur - The law is the more praised when it is
supported by reason.
311.Lex Posterior Derogat Priori- A later law repeals an earlier law.
312.Lex prospicit not respicit - The law looks forwared, not backward.
313.Lex prospicit, non respicit- The law looks forward, not backward.
314.Lex punit mendaciam - The law punishes falsehood.
315.Lex rejicit superflua, pugnatia, incongrua - The law rejects superfluous, contradictory and
incongruous things.
316.Lex spectat naturae ordinem - The law regards the order of nature.
317.Lex succurrit ignoranti - The law succors the ignorant.
318.Lex tutissima cassis, sub clypeo legis nemo decipitur - Law is the safest helmet; under the
shield of the law no one is deceived.
319.Lex uno ore omnes alloquitur - The law speaks to all through one mouth.
320.Lexspecialis derogate legigenerali- Special law repeals general laws.
321.Locus standi- The right of a party to appear and be heard before a court.
322.Longa possessio est pacis jus - Long possession is the law of peace.
323.Longa possessio parit jus possidendi et tollit actionem vero domino - Long possession
produces the right of possession and takes away from the true owner his action.
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324.Magister rerum usus; magistra rerum experientia - Use is the master of things; experience is
the mistress of things.
325.Major continet in se minus - The greater contains the less.
326.Majus est delictum se ipsum occidere quam alium - It is a greater crime to kill one s self
than another.
327.Mala fide - In bad faith.
328.Mala grammatica non vitiat chartam - Bad grammar does not vitiate a deed.
329.Mala in se - Bad in themselves.
330.Mala prohibita - Crimes prohibited.
331.Maledicta est expositio quae corrumpit textum- It is dangerous construction which is against
the test.
332.Malitia supplet aesatem - Malice supplies age.
333.Malo animo - With evil intent.
334.Mandamus - We command.
335.Maximus magister erroris populus est - The people are the greatest master of error.
336.Melior est conditio possidentis, ubi neuter jus habet - Better is the condition of the possessor
where neither of the two has the right.
337.Melior testatoris in testamentis spectanda est - In wills the intention of a testator is to be
regarded.
338.Meliorem conditionem suam facere potest minor deteriorem nequaquam - A minor can
make his position better, never worse.
339.Mens rea - Guilty state of mind.
340.Mentiri est contra mentem ire - To lie is to act against the mind.
341.Merito beneficium legis amittit, qui legem ipsam subvertere intendit - He justly loses the
benefit of the law who seeks to infringe the law.
342.Minatur innocentibus qui parcit nocentibus - He threatens the innocent who spares the
guilty.
343.Misera est servitus, ubi jus est vagum aut incertum - It is a miserable slavery where the law
is vague or uncertain.
344.Modus Operandi- Method of working
345.Mors dicitur ultimum supplicium - Death is called the extreme penalty.
346.Muilta exercitatione facilius quam regulis percipies - You will perceive many things more
easily by experience than by rules.
347.Mutatis Mutandis- The necessary changes.
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348.Nam nemo haeres viventis - For no one is an heir of a living person.
349.Naturae vis maxima est - The force of nature is the greatest.
350.Necessitas inducit privilegium quoad jura privata - With respect to private rights necessity
induces privilege.
351.Necessitas non habet legem - Necessity has no law.
352.Necessitas publica est major quam privata - Public necessity is greater than private
necessity.
353.Negligentia semper habet infortuniam comitem - Negligence always has misfortune for a
companion.
354.Nemo admittendus est inhabilitare se ipsum - No one is allowed to incapacitate himself.
355.Nemo bis punitur pro eodem delicto - No one can be twice punished for the same offence.
356.Nemo cogitur suam rem vendere, etiam justo pretio - No one is bound to sell his own
property, even for a just price.
357.Nemo contra factum suum venire potest - No man can contradict his own deed.
358.Nemo Debet BisVexari Pro Una Et Eadem Causa- A man shall not be vexed twice for one
and the same cause.
359.Nemo debet esse judex in propria causa - No one can be judge in his own case.
360.Nemo plus juris transferre ad alium potest quam ipse habet - No one can transfer to another
a larger right than he himself has.
361.Nemo potest contra recordum verificare per patriam - No one can verify by the country, that
is, through a jury, against the record.
362.Nemo potest esse tenens et dominus - No one can at the same time be a tenant and a
landlord (of the same tenement).
363.Nemo potest facere per alium, quod per se non potest - No one can do through another what
he cannot do himself.
364.Nemo potest mutare consilium suum in alterius injuriam - No one can change his purpose to
the injury of another.
365.Nemo praesumitur esse immemor suae aeternae salutis et maxime in articulo mortis - No
one is presumed to be forgetful of his eternal welfare, and particularly in the hour of death.
366.Nemo prohibetur pluribus defensionibus uti - No one is forbidden to make use of several
defences.
367.Nemo punitur pro alieno delicto - No one is punished for the crime of another.
368.Nemo se accusare debet, nisi coram Deo - No one should accuse himself except in the
presence of God.
369.Nemo tenetur accusare se ipsum nisi coram Deo - No one is bound to accuse himself except
in the presence of God.
370.Nemo tenetur armare adversarium contra se - No one is bound to arm his adversary against
himself.
371.Nemobis punitur poreo dem delicto- No one can be punished twice for the same crime or
offence.
372.Nexus - Connection
373.Nihil quod est inconveniens est licitum - Nothing inconvenient is lawful.
374.Nil facit error nominis cum de corpore constat - An error of name makes not difference
when it appears from the body of the instrument.
375.Nisi - Unless
376.Non compus mentis - Not of sound mind and understanding
377.Non constat - It is not certain
378.Non decipitur qui scit se decipi - He is not deceived who knows that he is deceived.
379.Non definitur in jure quid sit conatus - What an attempt is, is not defined in law.
380.Non est arctius vinculum inter homines quam jusjurandum - There is no stronger link
among men than an oath.
381.Non est factum - It is not his deed
382.Non est informatus - He is not informed.
383.Non facias malum ut inde veniat bonum - You shall not do evil that good may come of it.
384.Non jus, sed seisina, facit stipitem - Not right, but seisin makes a stock (from which the
inheritance must descend).
385.Non Obstante- Notwithstanding (any statut e to the contrary)
386.Non refert quid notum sit judici si notum non sit in forma judicii - It matters not what is
known to the judge if it is not known judicially.
387.Non sequitur - An inconsistent statement, it does not follow
388.Noscitur a Sociis- The meaning of a doubtful word may be ascertained by reference to the
meaning of words associated with it.
389.Noscitur a sociis- Word construed with reference to accompanying or associated words.
390.Nova constitutio futuris formam imponere debet non praeteritis- A new statute should affect
the future, not the past.
391.Nova Constitutio Futuris Formam Imponere Debet, Non Praeteritis- A new law ought to be
prospective and not retrospective, in operation.
392.Nullum crimen sine poena, nulla poena sine lege- There is no crime without a penalty, and
there is no penalty without a law.
393.Nullum tempus occurit regi- There can be no legal right as against the authority that makes
the law on which the right depends.
394.Nullus commodum capere potest ex sua injuria propria - No one can derive an advantage
from his own wrong.
395.Nullus commodum potest de injuria propriasua- No man should be allowed to take
advantage of his own wrong.
396.Nullus recedat e curia cancellaria sine remedio - No one should depart from a Court of
Chancery without a remedy.
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397.Obiter Dicta- Remarks of a judge which are not necessary to reaching a d ecision, but are
made as comments, illustrations or thoughts.
398.Omne sacramentum debet esse de certa scientia - Every oath ought to be of certain
knowledge.
399.Omnia delicta in aperto leviora sunt - All crimes (committed) in the open are (considered)
lighter.
400.Omnia praesumuntur contra spoliatorem - All things are presumed against a wrongdoer.
401.Omnis innovatio plus novitate perturbat quam utilitate prodeat - Every innovation disturbs
more by its novelty than it benefits by its utility.
402.Optima legum interpres est consuetudo - The best interpreter of laws is custom.
403.Optima statuti interpretatrix est ipsum statutum – The best interpreter of a statute is the
statute itself.
404.Optimus interpres rerum est usus - The best interpreter of things is usage.
405.Optimus interpres rerum usus- The best interpreter of the law is usage.
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406.Pacta privata juri publico non derogare possunt - Private contracts cannot derogate from
public law.
407.Par delictum - Equal fault.
408.Pari materia- Relating to same matter.
409.Pari passu - On an equal footing.
410.Partus sequitur ventrem - The offspring follows the mother.
411.Pater est quem nuptiae demonstrant - The father is he whom the marriage points out.
412.Peccata contra naturam sunt gravissima - Wrongs against nature are the most serious.
413.Pendente lite nihil innovetur - During litigation nothing should be changed.
414.Per curiam - In the opinion of the court.
415.Per minas - By means of menaces or threats.
416.Per quod - By reason of which.
417.Post mortem - After death.
418.Potior est in tempore, potior est in jure- He who is first in time is preferred in right.
419.Prima facie - On the face of it.
420.Prima impressionis - On first impression.
421.Privilegia reciprint largan interpretationem voluntate consonan concedentis- Privileges are
to be interpreted in accordance with the will of him who grants them.
422.Pro hac vice - For this occasion.
423.Pro rata - In proportion.
424.Pro tanto - So far, to that extent.
425.Pro tempore - For the time being.
426.Publici juris - Of public right.
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427.Quaeitur - The question is raised.
428.Quando aliquid prohibetur ex directo, prohibetur et per obliquum- What is prohibited
directly is prohibited indirectly.
429.Quantum - How much, an amount.
430.Qui facit per alium, facit per se - He who acts through another acts himself.
431.Qui haeret in litera, haeret in cortice - He who stices to the letter, sticks to the bark.
432.Qui in utero est, pro jam nato habetur, quoties de ejus commodo quaeritur - He who is in the
womb is considered as already born as far as his benefit is considered.
433.Qui non habet potestatem alienandi, habet necessitatem retinendi - He who has not the
power of alienating is under the necessity of retaining.
434.Qui non habet, ille non dat - He who has not, does not give.
435.Qui non improbat, approbat - He who does not disapprove, approves.
436.Qui non obstat quod obstare potest facere videtur - He who does not prevent what he is able
to prevent, is considered as committing the thing.
437.Qui non prohibet quod prohibere potest assentire videtur - He who does not prohibit when
he is able to prohibit, is in fault.
438.Qui peccat ebrius, luat sobrius - He who does wrong when drunk must be punished when
sober.
439.Qui potest et debet vetare et non vetat jubet - He who is able and ought to forbit and does
not, commands.
440.Qui prior est tempore potior est jure - He who is prior in time is stronger in right.
441.Qui sentit commodum, debet et sentire onus - He who derives a benefit ought also to bear a
burden.
442.Qui tacet consentire videtur - He who is silent appears to consent.
443.Quid pro quo - Consideration. something for something.
444.Quidcquid plantatur solo, solo cedit - Whatever is planted in or affixed to the soil, belongs
to the soil.
445.Quo Warranto- An order issued by authority of the king. A legal proceeding during w hich
an individual's right to h old an office or government’s privilege is challenged.
446.Quod ab initio non valet, in tractu temporis non convalescit - What is not valid in the
beginning does not become valid by time.
447.Quod constat curiae opere testium non indiget - What appears to the Court needs not the
help of witnesses.
448.Quod necessarie intelligitur, id non deest - What is necessarily understood is not wanting.
449.Quod necessitas cogit, defendit - What necessity forces it justifies.
450.Quod non apparet, non est - What does not appear, is not.
451.Quod non habet principium non habet finem - What has no beginning has no end.
452.Quod per me non possum, nec per alium - What I cannot do through myself, I cannot do
through another.
453.Quod prius est verius est; et quod prius est tempore potius est jure - What is first is more
true; and what is prior in time is stronger in law.
454.Quod vanum et inutile est, lex non requirit - The law does not require what is vain and
useless.
455.Quoties in verbis nulla est ambiguitas, ibi nulla expositio contra verba expressa fienda est -
When there is no ambiguity in words, then no exposition contrary to the expressed words is
to be made.
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456.Ratihabito mandato aquiparatur- Legislative ratification is equivalent to a mandate.
457.Ratio Decidendi- The reason or rationale for th e decision by Court.
458.Ratio est legis anima, mutata legis ratione mutatur et lex - Reason is the soul of the law;
when the reason of the law changes the law also is changed.
459.Ratio legis est anima legis- The reason of the law is its soul.
460.Ratio legis- Interpretation according to spirit.
461.Re - In the matter of.
462.Reddendo singular singulis- Referring each to each; referring each phrase or expression to
its appropriate object; or let each be put in its proper place.
463.Reprobata pecunia leberat solventem - Money refused releases the debtor.
464.Res - Matter, affair, thing, circumstance.
465.Res gestae - Things done.
466.Res integra - A matter untouched (by decision).
467.Res inter alios acta alteri nocere non debet - Things done between strangers ought not to
affect a third person, who is a stranger to the transaction.
468.Res Ipsa Loquitur- The thing speaks for itself
469.Res judicata accipitur pro veritate - A thing adjudged is accepted for the truth.
470.Res nulis - Nobody s property.
471.Respondeat superior - Let the principal answer.
472.Rex est major singulis, minor universis - The King is greater than individuals, less than all
the people.
473.Rex non debet judicare sed secundum legem - The King ought not to judge but according to
the law.
474.Rex non potest peccare - The King can do no wrong.
475.Rex nunquma moritur - The King never dies.
476.Rex quod injustum est facere non potest - The King cannot do what is unjust.
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477.Salus populi est suprema lex - The safety of the people is the supreme law.
478.Salus populi est suprema lex- The voice of the people is the supreme law.
479.Sciens - Knowingly.
480.Scienter - Knowingly.
481.Scire facias - That you cause to know.
482.Scribere est agere - To write is to act.
483.Se defendendo - In self defence.
484.Secus - The legal position is different, it is otherwise.
485.Semper praesumitur pro legitimatione puerorum - Everything is presumed in favor of the
legitimacy of children.
486.Semper pro matriomonio praesumitur - It is always presumed in favor of marriage.
487.Sententia interlocutoria revocari potest, definitiva non potest - An interlocutory order can be
revoked, a final order cannot be.
488.Servitia personalia sequuntur personam - Personal services follow the person.
489.Sic utere tuo ut alienum non laedas - So use your own as not to injure another s property.
490.Simplex commendatio non obligat - A simple recommendation does not bind.
491.Stare decisis - To stand by decisions (precedents).
492.Stare decisis et non quieta movere- Follow past precedents and do not disturb what has been
settled.
493.Stet - Do not delete, let it stand.
494.Sub modo - Within limits.
495.Sub nomine - Under the name of.
496.Sub silentio - In silence.
497.Sublata causa, tollitur effectus - The cause being removed, the effect ceases.
498.Sublato fundamento, cadit opus - The foundation being removed, the structure falls.
499.Subsequens matrimonium tollit peccatum praecedens - A subsequent marriage removes the
preceding wrong.
500.Suggestio falsi - The suggestion of something which is untrue.
501.Sui generis - Unique.
502.Summa ratio est quae pro religione facit - The highest reason is that which makes for
religion, i.e. religion dictates.
503.Suppressio veri - The suppression of the truth.
504.Suppressio veri expressio falsi - A suppression of truth is equivalent to an expression of
falsehood.
505.Surplusagium non nocet- Surplusages does not vitiate a statute.
506.Surplusagium non nocet- Surplusages does not vitiate a statute.
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507.Talis qualis - Such as it is.
508.Terra firma - Solid ground.
509.Testamenta latissimam interpretationem habere debent - Testaments ought to have the
broadest interpretation.
510.Traditio loqui chartam facit - Delivery makes a deed speak.
511.Transit terra cum onere - The land passes with its burden.
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512.Ubi eadem ratio ibi idem jus, et de similibus idem est judicium - When there is the same
reason, then the law is the same, and the same judgment should be rendered as to similar
things.
513.Ubi jus ibi remedium est - Where there is a right there is a remedy.
514.Ubi jus, ibi remedium- Where there is a right, there is a remedy.
515.Ubi lex non distinguit, nec nos distinguere debemus- Where the law does not distinguish,
we should not distinguish.
516.Ubi non est principalis, non potest esse accessorius - Where there is no principal, there can
be no accessory.
517.Ubi nullum matrimonium, ibi nulla dos es - Where there is no marriage, there is no dower.
518.Ultima voluntas testatoris est perimplenda secundum veram intentionem suam - The last
will of a testator is to be fulfilled according to his true intentio.
519.Ut poena ad paucos, metus ad omnes, perveniat - That punishment may come to a few, the
fear of it should affect all.
520.Ut res magis valeat quam pereat- That construction is to be sought which gives effect to the
whole of the statute- its every word.
521.Utile per inutile non vitiatur- The useful is not vitiated by the non-useful
522.Utile per inutile non vitiatur - What is useful is not vitiated by the useless.
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523.Verba accipienda sunt secundum subjectam materiam- A word is to be understood in the
context in which it is used.
524.Verba chartarum fortius accipiuntur contra preferentem - The words of deeds are accepted
more strongly against the person offering them.
525.Verba debent intelligi cum effectu - Words ought to be understood with effect.
526.Verba intentioni, non e contra, debent inservire - Words ought to serve the intention, not the
reverse.
527.Verba intentioni, non e contra, debent inservire- Words ought to be more subservient to the
intent and not the intent to the words.
528.Verba legis non est recedendum- From the words of the statute there should be no departure.
529.Verbal egis- Plain-meaning rule.
530.Verbatim - Word by word, exactly.
531.Vi et armis - With the force and arms.
532.Via antiqua via est tuta - The old way is the safe way.
533.Vice versa - The other way around.
534.Vide - See.
535.Vigilantibus et non dormientibus jura subveniunt- The laws aid the vigilant, not those who
slumber on their rights.
536.Vigilantibus non dormientibus jura subveniunt - The laws serve the vigilant, not those who
sleep.
537.Vir et uxor consentur in lege una persona - A husband and wife are regarded in law as one
person.
538.Visitationem commendamus - We recommend a visitation.
539.Volens - Willing.
540.Volenti non fit injuria - An injury is not done to one consenting to it.
541.Voluntas in delictis non exitus spectatur - In offences the intent and not the result is looked
at.
542.Voluntas reputatur pro facto - The will is taken for the deed.