A hydraulic drive system is a drive or transmission system that uses pressurized hydraulic fluid to

power hydraulic machinery. The basic idea behind any hydraulic system is very simple: Force that is
applied at one point is transmitted to another point using an incompressible fluid. The fluid is almost
always an oil of some sort. The force is almost always multiplied in the process. term hydrostatic refers to
the transfer of energy from flow and pressure, not from the kinetic energy of the flow. Hydraulic power,
also called Fluid Power, power transmitted by the controlled circulation of pressurized fluid, usually a
water-soluble oil or water–glycol mixture, to a motor that converts it into a mechanical output capable
of doing work on a load. Hydraulic power systems have greater flexibility than mechanical and electrical
systems and can produce more power than such systems of equal size. They also provide rapid and
accurate responses to controls. As a result, hydraulic power systems are extensively used in modern
aircraft, automobiles, heavy industrial machinery, and many kinds of machine tools.

Motors in a hydraulic power system are commonly classified into two basic types: linear motors and
rotational motors. A linear motor, also called a hydraulic cylinder, consists of a piston and a cylindrical
outer casing. The piston constitutesthe mechanical interface across which kinetic energy from the fluid is
transferred to the motor mechanism. A piston rod serves to couple the mechanical force generated
inside the cylinder to the external load. Hydraulic linear motors are useful for applications that require a
high-force, straight-line motion and so are utilized as brake cylinders in automobiles, control actuators on
aircraft, and in devices that inject molten metal into die-casting machines. A rotational motor, sometimes
called a rotary hydraulic motor, produces a rotary motion. In such a motor the pressurized fluid supplied
by a hydraulic pump acts on the surfaces of the motor’s gear teeth, vanes, or pistons and creates a force
that produces a torque on the output shaft. Rotational motors are most often used in digging equipment
(e.g printing presses, and spindle drives on machine tools).

Significance of Hydraulics

A hydraulic system has four major advantages, which makes it quite efficient in transmitting power.

1. Ease and accuracy of control: By the use of simple levers and push buttons, the operator of a hydraulic
system can easily start, stop, speed up and slow down.

2. Multiplication of force: A fluid power system (without using cumbersome gears, pulleys and levers)
can multiply forces simply and efficiently from a fraction of a pound, to several hundred tons of output.

3. Constant force and torque: Only fluid power systems are capable of providing a constant torque or
force regardless of speed changes.

4. Simple, safe and economical: In general, hydraulic systems use fewer moving parts in comparison with
mechanical and electrical systems. Thus they become simpler and easier to maintain.
https://www.britannica.com/science/hydraulic-power

https://science.howstuffworks.com/transport/engines-equipment/hydraulic1.html

https://www.machinerylubrication.com/Read/277/hydraulic

https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/phexcom1/jcb-hydraulic-truck-using-wood-and-syringes