What is a COMMUNICABLE DISEASE?

Communicable diseases are illnesses caused by viruses or bacteria that people spread to one another
through contact with contaminated surfaces, bodily fluids, blood products, insect bites, or through the
air

8 Most Common Communicable Diseases:

1. Acute Respiratory Infections

2. Fatigue

3. Bronchitis

4. Influenza (Flu)

5. Tuberculosis

6. Dengue

7. Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)

8. HIV and AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome)

THE 4 STAGES OF INFECTIONS

1) Incubation - this is the first stage of infection when a person is sick. It is the period starting from the
entry of the pathogen until the appearance of the first sign.

2) Prodromal Stage - the second stage of infection. Which starts from the onset of non-specific signs and
symptoms such as fever.

3) Illness Stage - begins when more specific signs and symptoms appear.

4) Convalescence Stage - the last stage of infection is an interval when acute symptoms of infection
disappear. Recovery may take several days to months.

What is MORBIDITY?

Morbidity is another term for illness. A person can have several co-morbidities simultaneously. So,
morbidities can range from Alzheimer's disease to cancer to traumatic brain injury. Morbidities are NOT
deaths. Prevalence is a measure often used to determine the level of morbidity in a population.

Top 10 Morbidity of 2010 According To World Health Organization:

1) HIV/AIDS

2) Diarrhea
3) Measles

4) Malaria

5) Pneumonia

6) Influenza

7) Neonatal Sepsis

8) Congenital Abnormalities

9) Tuberculosis

10) Prematurity

What is MORTALITY?

Mortality is the term used for the number of people who died within a population.

Top 10 Mortality:

1) Diseases of Health

2) Diseases of the Vascular System

3) Maligmant Neoplasm

4) Pneumonia

5) Accidents

6) Tuberculosis, all forms

7) Chronic Lower Respiratory Disease

8) Diabetes Mellitus

9) Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis

10) Certain Conditions originating in the perinatal period

EMERGING DISEASES

Are diseases that newly appeared in the population or that have existed before but is rapidly increasing.

> Ebola Virus - Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) is a rare and deadly disease in people and nonhuman primates.

Signs/Symptoms: fever, aches/pains, weakness/fatigue, abdominal pain, hemorrhaging, and bleeding or

bruising.
> Chikungunya - virus spread to people by the bite of an infected mosquito.

Signs/Symptoms: fever, joint pain, headache, muscle pain, joint swelling, or rash.

RE-EMERGING DISEASE

Are diseases thathad decreased in madence and brought under control but surfacing again due to
changes in health conductions of a population.

> Malaria - is a mosquito-borne infectious disease that affects humans and other animals.

Signs/Symptoms: fever, tiredness, vomiting, and headaches.

> Tuberculosis - is a disease caused by bacteria called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The bacteria usually
attack the lungs, but they can also damage other parts of the body

Signs/Symptoms: cough, chest pain, coughing of blood, chills, fever, loss of appetite, and weight loss.

Trivia/Facts

DID YOU KNOW?

1. Your skin works hard. Not only is it the largest organ in the body, but it defends against disease and
infection, regulates your temperature and aids in vitamin production.

2. Laughing is good for the heart and can increase blood flow by 20 percent.

3. Sitting and sleeping are great in moderation, but too much can increase your chances of an early
death.

4. A lack of exercise now causes as many deaths as smoking.

5. Drinking coffee can reduce the risk of depression, especially in women.

3 AGENCIES OF PHILLIPINES THAT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR COMMUNICABLE DISEASE

1.) Infectious Diseases for Elimination Division (IDED)

2.) Infectious Diseases for Prevention and Control Division (IDPCD)

3. Lifestyle-Related Diseases Division (LRDD)