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Fig. 4.17 Bearing capacity factors of Berezantsev et al.(4.25)

Fig. 4.18 Base resistance vs. penetration depth for 1220mm dia. closed-end pile driven into sand
(a) loose sand (b) dense sand

it is dependent on the stress history of the soil and the changes which take place during installation of the pile. In the case of
driven piles displacement of the soil increases the horizontal soil stress from the original K value. Drilling for bored piles
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can loosen a dense sand, and thereby reduce the horizontal stress.
In a normally consolidated sand the in situ K is constant with depth and the value of K is then modified only by the
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