I N T R O D U CT I O N

B la s t in g Su pp l i e s an d T h e ir U s e

Fuzes are the deton ato s used whe n a

LECTR I C . r

high explosive such as dyna mite is fi ed elect ic, , r r

l ly They consist f a coppe ca p sule r shell

a . o r , o ,

con taini n g a detonating cha ge su rou n ding a fi n e r r

platinum bridge which join s the tips f two

“
,
”
o

i n sulated co ppe wires f various len gths The r o .

ends f the coppe wires are secured i n the

o r

copper h l l by a Composition plug which l

s e , a so

serves to keep moistu e a n d wate away f om the charge The

r r r .

electric fuze is deto n ated whe n sufficient cur ent is r

passed through the cop pe wires and ac oss the r , r

p latin um b idge to heat the latte to a tempe ature

r , r r

high e n ough to ignite the cha ge su ou n din g it r rr .

Delay Elect ic Fuzes ca n be used to advantage i n

r
D l
El i F
ect r c
e ay
ce tai n classes
u z es
f tunnel
r shaft excavating These
o or .

made so that a very short space f time

a re o

in te venes betwee n thei ig nition by the elect ic cu e n t and

r r r rr

thei detonati on By thei use it is possible with but

r . r ope a , , o ne r

tion f the blasting machin e to fi r

o section f a blast , e one o ,

su fficiently ahead of the following section f the mate ial i n , or r

the fi st to be out of the way when the n ext is bl sted

r a .

When seve al cha ges f explosives r to be r r o a e

C i g deton ated at
on n ect n
time with electric fuzes it is
Wi
o ne , n eces
re

sary ( unless the elect ic fuz e wires are l g enough r on

to each between the bore holes) to joi n them with Conn ecti n g
r

Wire I n sulated coppe wire is used f this pu pose

. r or r .
 Wire which is l i n sulated and i n
Leading , a so

o der to reduce esistance is f a larger siz e than

r r o

connecting Wi e connects the elect ic fuz es in the fi st r ,

r r

an d in the last bore h l with the sou ce f the elect ic cu ent

o e r o r rr .

The cur ent f elect ic bl sting is some times t ke n

r or r a a
Bl m
as

M hi
ac
f
‘g

nes
om a powe ligh ting system but the source of
r r or ,

cu ent commonly used known as a Bl s t ng

rr Is a i

M chine Although man uf ctu ed in seve r l sizes d styles

a . a r a an ,

they r usu ll y designed th same gene al pri i pl

a e a on e r nc e .

to the m ny difficulties gene r ll y attending

O wing a a

blasting such as w t r cold weathe w ter i n

, e o r, a

bore holes n ecessity for hurry and so o n it not, , ,

i n frequently happe n s that electric fuze wires r st ipped a e r or

broke i n t mping connections

n a im properly made p oo ly
, a re , r

i n sulated and leaky ; r the circuit is b oke n r inte rup ted in

o r o r

some othe w y which results i n the mi fi r f the ex plosives i n

r a , s e o

some r ll f the bore holes causing se ious loss and del y I n

o a o , r a .

orde to elimin te this t ouble as f as p ossible a Galv nomete

r a r ar , a r

has been designed for tes ting t the blasti n g circuit before
, ou

firing It is possible with this inst ument to detect a bre k

. r a or

any considerable leaks i n the blasting ci cuit It will l detect r . a so

ex tensive leaks se ious defects in the elect ic fuzes a n d locate

or r r

the p oint s at which the t ouble exists r .

The kind f work o n which blasting machines are o

Rh eos t at s
used is la gely esp onsible f ough and careless r r or r

handling which ofte n wears them t ra pidly The R heostat is

, ou .

a simple but e ffective inst ument which should be used from time r ,

to time to test the cap city f bl sting m chines so th t the e a o a a , a r

will be no danger f overlo ding them o a .

If the le ding wire is to be ke p t in good condi tion

a ,

and handled easily and quickly a L ading Wi e , e r

R eel is necessary .
 When blasting p owde is the ex plosive used Electric r ,

Squibs ma y t ke the pl of electric fuzes They a a ce .

r made t h same p rinci ple as elect ic fuzes

a e on e r ,

but cost less a he vy p aper h l l re places th copper cap f

, as a s e e o

the elect ic fuz e As th charge in Elect ic Squibs does not

r . e r

deton te but burns r fl shes they will not deton te dy namite r

a ,
o a , a o

othe high explosives and

r be used only wi th blasting p owder
, can

or similar low ex p losives .

Blas ting Ca p s used t detonate high pl a re o ex os

ives when it is not necess y to fi mo e th n

, ar re r a

one cha ge at a time when f some other eason

r , or or r

elect ic firing is t feasible They consist f a coppe h ll

r no . o r s e

similar to th t f the electric fuze and which contains the same

a o ,

kind f a cha ge The charge in the blasting p however is

o r . ca , ,

not ignited electrically but by a section f safe ty fuse the end

, o on

of which the bl sting cap must be crimped

a .

Safety
Fuse consists f a small train f fine grain o o

fuse p owder which forms the core f a ope f o r o

hem p cotto n r tape gene ally cove ed with water

, o , r r

proofin g mixtu e It is used for detonating bl sting caps as

r . a

described above r f igniting di ectly ch rges of blasting

, o or r a

powde into which it carries a s p a k

r r .

The Ca p Crimper is a very convenient and service

ble little tool which is used to att ch the blasting
a , a

ca p secu ely to the s fety fuse Some styles r a . a re

equi pped with fuse cutte a r .

IVI y high ex plosives con t aining nitroglyceri n

an
Th wi g
K
a

l
et t es
n
free z e very Iy and become m at teme a SI L
I n se n s ve

p r t from 4 5 F to 5
e a ures0 F These ex p losives °
.
°
.

cannot be used effectively in cold weathe unless they r, a re

thoroughly thawed and kept w rm until they loaded in the a a re

bo e hole Thawing K ttl

r . used for this p urp ose Theree e s a re .
‘

are several diffe rent d e s i g n s but all are constructed wi th ,

a w rm water j cket surrounding the ex plosives comp artme n t

a a .
 Tamping Bags are p per cont iners f r s nd cl y a a o a , a

r other m t ri l with which hori z on t al

o a e r pitching
a o

bore holes r u ppers r to be t m ped They

, o , a e a .

are l used whe n m king blasting powder into c rtridges f r

a so a a o

use in simil r bore holes

a .

Blas ting lVI t r wove n mat s f ope which are

a s a e o r ,

s p ead the ground above the bore holes whe n

r on ,

bl sting is done whe re flying pieces f rock will be

a o

d ange rous. If he vy ch rges of ex plosives r used it is the

a a a e ,

custom to pl logs r r il o d ties directly over the bore holes

a ce o a r a ,

and the blasting m ts t p of these

a on o .
 B la s t in g b y E l e c t r i c it y

by electricity is generally conceded t

LASTI N G o

be the most e ffective and economical system d , an

to surpass any other i n safety expedition a d , n

certainty In work Where it is possible to blast

.

more than charge at a time it will n e rly o ne , a

always b found advantageous to do :

.
e This so .
'

ca n only be accomplished by electric fi ring Whe n .

seve al ch rges fired simultaneously e ch tends

r a a re a
’

to h l p the othe both i n turning t and in breaking up the

e r, ou

m t i l bl sted with the r

a er a a l t that a greater amou n t f work
, esu o

is done by a give n q uanti ty f ex plosives than if the several o

ch ges we e fired successively I t is possible l to bette pro

ar r . a so r

t t against w te and other causes f misfi re the appliances used

ec a r o

i n electric blasting thus insu ing greater certainty As delayed

, r .

explosions r hang fi res are hardly possible and as the blaster

, o
“

,
”
,

ca n always be a conside r ble distance away from the ex plosive a

whe n it detonates this system reduces the possibility f accide n t

, o

to a minimum .

N method f bl sting i n gaseous r dusty co l mines other

r
o o a o a ,

tha n the elect ical deserves consider tio n bec use i n all others
r o ne , a a

the ig ition i n the ope n f some burning subst nce is necess y

n o a ar ,

eve n though a device be used whereby the safety fuse r squib , o

can be ignited without ex p osing an open light r fl ame i n a o

g seous place
a .

It is believed b y many autho ities that disastrous explosions r

i n l mines have bee n caused by a blown out shot occurri ng

coa -

shortly after a n umbe f other bl sts h ve bee n fired This r o a a .

cannot happe n if the firing is done by electricity whe n as m ny ,

a

shots as desired are fired simult neously In submarine r other a . o

ve ry w t work n o other system is feasible I n underground

e , .

work whe e ventil tion is n ot good bur ing safety fuse incre ses
, r a , n a
B l a s ti ng C u C e ed
i rc i t on n ct in S e ie
r s
the smoke and fumes very materi lly It is not uncommo n for a .

the fi r to bre k through the side f the fuse d ignite the

,

e a o , an

charge of ex plosives befo e deton ting the bl sting ca p resul ting

r a a ,

i n p oor execution and increase i n fumes This cannot occur .

whe n the bl sting is do n e by electrici ty

a .

The equipment necessa ry for electric blas ting i f ollows s as

E l e ct ri c Fu ze s C on n e ct i n g W i r e
L ead i n g W i r e B l a s t i n g M a c hi n e

The following W ll lso prove f much assistance and very

i a o

often effect a saving f both time and money

o

L ea d i n g W i r e R e e l Ga l v a n o m e t e r
R he o s t a t
If the ex plosive used is blasting p owde r and not a high ,

ex plosive Electric Squibs which are less ex pe n sive should r

, , !
, e

place Electric Fuzes i n the above list .

Whe n the source f the electric current is a blasting m chi ne

o a ,

or battery of the usual ty pe the bore holes are con nected in

, ,

series ; that is wire f the electric fuz e i n the fi rst bore h l

, o ne o o e

is joined ( usi n g con necting wire if n ecessary) to wire of the o ne

electri c fuze i n the second bore h l and the other wire f this o e, o

electric fuze to o n e wire f the electric fuze i n the third bore

o

hole and so
, until all f the bore holes are co nnected together
o n,
-

with a free electric fuze wire i n the first and the l st bore holes ; a

these fl wires are to be co nn ected to the leading wires a n d

ee

the leading wi es to the blasting machi ne

r .

The Blasti ng Machines described in this catalogue are , ,

made for se ies connecting only and connections should n ot be

r

made in j m di fi ti the
an fr eof (
'
S illust
o ation
ca on . ee r ,

page
When making connections care must be taken to see that ,

all metal p art s joining each other are sc a ped brigh t and clean r .

Another p oint f par ticul r imp ortance is that n o p rt f the cir

o a a o

cuit which is n ot thoroughly insulated should come i n contact

with any other uninsul ted p rt f the ci rcuit r with water or
a a o , o ,
wi th wet or d mp ground I n order to accomplish this all
a .
,

bare joints should be covered with insul ting ta pe a .

When m king connections do t loo p th wires but twist

a , no e ,

them tightly togethe r

.

L oop d e Wi res The WR ON G Way

Twi s t d e Wi res The R I GH T Wa y

The attemp t to use old and damaged leading wire r o

con necting wire is a great mistake and is ofte n the cause of mis
,

fires O
. ne f the principal objections to their use is th t the
o a

wire itself frequently breaks inside the insulati on which wi l l ,

remai n intact When this occurs the e nds f the wire may
.
, o

touch a n d the circuit seem all right whe n tested but a very slight ,

movement of the wires afterw rds may pull these ends ap rta a ,

breaking the circuit and c usi n g a misfire A break f this kind

a . o

is not e sily loc ted and sometimes is res p onsible f r the loss of
a a , o

the time f many workme n waiting for the shot to be fi red

o .
V ict o r E l e ct r ic F u z e s

D el ay E l e ct r i c F u z e s
 V ict o r Ele c t r ic Fuz e s

ICTOR Electri c Fuzes are m de in three different a

strengths N o 6 N o 7 and N o 8 e ch f
—
.
, . .
, a o

which is put up with insulated copper wires f o

th following lengths
e :

4
' ,
IO
6
' l2
'
8
' l4
'

Speci a l lengths not shown bove a be m nufactured on

a

No 6. No 7 . No 8 .

V i ctor E l e t i Fuze
c r c s ( a ct u a l si ze )

l l
 The following table describes fully Victor Electric Fuz es O f
different strengths :

G d
ra e N 6 N 8 o. O.

Cl fLbl
o or o a R d
e
G
ee e r n

L e h
n gt f S h ll
o l e
2 -
g "

C li be f S hell
a r o 2 73 2 73
z3 l 5
2 73
I g
” ” ”

l 5 43
Wa gh f Ch 8 ” °
Gra i ns
Gra m s
. .

N othi n g we ker than Victor electric fuzes can be

a NO 6 .

r elied o n to develop the full force of any high explosives that

are n ot too sensitive to h ndle use with a n y degree f safety a or o .

Victor Electric Fuzes are fur nished f r subm ine wo k wi th o ar r ,

a peci l gutta percha cove ing which is highly w ter resisting

S a r ,
a .

Victor Water Proof Electric Fuzes havi n g a special insul ,

a

tion are
,
also furnished for submarine and other very w t work e .

G U T T A P E R C HA C V E R ED O
( FO R S U B MA R l N E W R K ) O

S E CT I O N OFG U T T A P E R C HA C V E R E D O
( F O R S U B M AR I N E W R K ') O
The illustration below shows in section a n Elect ic Fuz e , , r .

A is the h ll f copper having a corrug tio n thrown t

s e o , a ou

f mm the inside which holds the com p ositio n plug more firmly in
,

place ; B is the chamber co n taining the explosive ch rge ;

“ ”
a

C the i n sulated copper wires enteri n g the cap ; D the

,
” “
,
”

b re ends f the copper wi es projecting through the plug

a o r ,
‘

i n to the Charge ; E the m l l pl tinum wi e bridge solde ed

, s a a r or r

to and connecting the two ends Of the co ppe wi es which is he ted r r , a

by the elect ic cu e nt ; F the comp osition plug holding the fuze

r rr

wires firmly in pl ; G the filling material a ce , .

Electric Fu z es are packed i n p stebo rd c tons which are a a ar ,

enclosed i n heavy wooden c ses The c rtons cont in either a . a a

12
25 or 50 de pending the le n gth f the wires Electric fuzes
,
on o .

with wires from 4 feet to I 6 feet l g are p cked for domestic on a

trade 500 to the c se while those with longer wir s are packed
a ,
e

250 to the case The number f electric fuzes with wires f

. o , o

differe n t lengths to the case the dimensions and the gross and
, , ,

net weight f c se for domestic shipment are give n i n the table

o a

on p ge I 4 a .

The storage f electric fuzes should alw y s be give n c re

o a a

ful attention by the consumer If they are permitted to remain .

for a consider ble period f time in a very w rm pl

a the water o a a ce ,

pr oofing m t ri l in the insul tion dries t to such a n extent

a e a a ou

th t the insul tion m y break whe n the wi es are bent and mis
a a a r ,

fi res esult if a n attempt is made to use them i n wet work

r .

The ex plosive charge in the electric fuzes is very easily

a ffected by moisture and if they are stored i n a dam p r w t
,
o e

pl ce they m y deteriorate This charge is also very sensitive

a a . ,

and m y be exploded by a moderately hard knock r jar

a o .

Electric fuz es should the efo e be handled c refully Careful r r a .

h ndling is l necessar y o n account f the delic te bridge wi re

a a so o a

( see illustration page I Z ) which may be ,broken and wh i ch , ,

whe n broken re nders the electric fuze absolutely useless The .

Wires must n ot be bent sharply or forcibly sep r ated at the point

.
a

where they enter the co pper cap as this may break r loose n , o

the fi lling material and per mit water to enter and dam ge the a

charge i n the electric fuz e .

The correct way to prime a high ex plosive cartri dge with

a n electric fuz e is to unfold the p pe end of the ca t idge a r o n o ne r r

and insert the fuze p i n the center pointing it directly tow rd

ca , a

the o pp osite end ; then f ld the p p er about the two wires and o a

tie it firmly with strong twine The p ime may l be m de . . r r a so a

by i n ser ting the fuz e ca p in the side of the cartridge n ea the , r

end and p i ti g i t do wnward toward the o pp osi te end the

, o n n ,

wi es to be tied to the i d f the cartridge The electric

r s ez o .

fuze should alway s be placed so that the loaded end will poi nt
toward the mai n p orti on f the ch rge of ex plosives it is to o a

deton te The hole f the fuz e cap should be made i n the

a . or

c rt idge with a pointed stick about the size f a le d pe n cil

a r o a .

The commo n custom f t king r more loo p s Or half hitches

o a o ne o , ,

around the c rtridge wi th the wires themselves fter inse ting

a , a r

I3
 N N N N N N N N N N

N N N N N N N N N N N

:
A
N R R R R N X R R R
m a N
m w m

S
R N o o N
3
N
N m v w w m

O Q O Q O D C O
a
V N C N V
‘ ‘

N N N m

N N N N N N N

I4
 the fuze p i n a h l made di gonally i n the side f the
ca o e a o

c rtridge ne r
a end is always to be condemned The pri n
a o ne , .

c i p l Objectio n is that the looping f the wires may break the

a o

insulation causing short circuits r leakage f current i n w t O o e

work r may eve n break the wi res themselves Also when a

, o .
,

fuz e cap f rom I T G inches to 2 inches l g is pushed into the side

g
—
on

of a cartridge I inch l inches r eve n I inches in diame ter

, , o ,

it very Often h ppens that the point where the princi p l p rt

a , a a

of the de ton ting ch rge is loc ted goes entirely through the
a a a ,

explosive itself even though it may n ot break through the p aper

, .

As it is often the t m wh pn m mg m this way to point cu s o ,

‘

en ,

the fuz e ca p diagon lly toward the d of the cartridge which

a en ,

wi ll be nearest the outside r top f the ch rge it ca n re dily be o o a , a

see n that any pull the on

wires hard enough to

,

a ffect the p osition f the o

ca
p w,i l l tend to b ring it
more to a ight ngle r a

with the long axis f the o

c rtridge and thus force

a ,

the p m t still farther t

o
! P
ou
st os i ti on

of the opposite side ( S . ee

accompanying illust r a
tions ) While this does n ot alw y s cause a failure it is qui te
. a ,

p ossible that lost shots may be attributed to it especially whe n ,

cartridges f small o

diameters are u s e d .

The series f illustra o ~

tions p age 6 6 show on

very Clearly the proper

method of making a
pri mer with blasting
2d P p and fuse The
os i ti on
ca .

(g h d pu l l h w e )
ue m tom th d hould
ar on t e ir s sa e e O S

be follo w ed when a n
Elect ic Fuze is used
r Al though it m y t ke a li ttle longer to
. a a

I5
m ke primer i n this way it is p robable that the reductio n i n the
a a ,

n umber of misfires will much mo e than re p y f r the tr ouble r a o

taken .

C re must be t ke n when t mping th bore h l not to

a a a e o e

bre k either the electric fuze wires or the insulation o n them r

a , o

to pull the electric fuz e cap out f the pri mer lVI y mi fir o . an s es

are prob bly due to careless ness i n loading and tampi n g bore holes
a .

Although electric fuze wires are well insul ted they are t a , no

intended for extreme conditions and if used i n w ter particul rly , a , a

under pressure they may le k that is the electric current

,
“
a , ,

or a part f i t may short circuit instead Of p assing through the

o ,

bridge wire which is of high resistance Therefore more current

, .
,

is necessary to insure good resul ts i n wet work than in dry work ,

unless electric fuzes with s pecial insulatio n f r w t work are o e

used These specially insulated electric fuz es are c lled Victor

. a

Water Proof Electric Fuz es .

I n Order to reduce as much as p ossible the expense f elec o

tric firing i n g seous r dusty l mines we m n ufacture Victor

a o co a , a

N 6 Electric Fuz es with Iro n Wires for this purpose or for

O .

other work where Electric Fuzes wi th wires lon ger than 8

feet are t required We recommend nothing weaker than
no .

Victor N o 6 Electric Fuz es to deton te Permissible Explosives

. a
“
.

Elect ric fuz es with i on wi es cost less tha n do those with co p per
r r

wi es but will not p ove s tisfacto y unde ll conditions f elec

r , r a r r a o

t ic blasting The p inci p l eason f this is th t i o n wi e eve n

r . r a r or a r r ,

when in good condition is much infe io t coppe wi e as an , r r o r r

elect ic conducto P actic lly six times as st ong a cu e n t is

r r . r a r rr

requi ed to fi a n Elect ic Fuze with i on wi es wi l l fi

r re r r r as re o ne

with the same length Of coppe wi es I o n wi e l co odes much r r . r r a so rr

mo e readily tha n coppe wi e Victo N o 6 Electric Fuzes

r r r . r .

a re made with i on wi es 4 feet 5 feet 6 feet and 8 feet long

r r , , .

They will be fu nished with longe wi es if desi ed but w do

r r r r , e

not ecommend them because f the p oo conductivity f i on

r , o r o r

wi e efe ed to above They

r r rr p cked in the s me w y . a re a a a as

Elect ic Fuz es with co ppe wi es and equi e the s me careful

r r r , r r a

storage and h ndling a .

IO
 e
M thod of C e
on n ct i n g e
N o D l ay , F i rs t D e l a y an d S e con e
d D l ay E l e t i F uze
c r c s
 D u P o n t D e lay E le c t r i c F u z e s

bl sting p rticul ly in tunnel

N some kinds f
i

o a , a ar

work it is necessary to bl st e ch round of bo e

, a a r

holes i n sec tions d it is gener lly Of consider , an a

bl advantage i n s ving time if this ca n be

a e a

arrange d so that it will not be n ecessary to eturn r

to the working face after the first section h as

been blas ted When fuse and blasting c ps . a

are used to deton te the explosive the sections Of a ,

f se for th diffe rent b ore holes are cut i n di fferent lengths so

u e

th t the charges wi l l explode in the prope sequence if the fuses

a
”

are lighted at about the s me time The re is pr ctic lly n o limit a . a a

to the n umbe f ch ges which r o be exploded i n sequence

ar can

with fuse d blasti n g c ps in this w y but under most condition

an a a ,
s

there is n othing to be g i ed by dividing the round f holes into a n o

more tha n three sections Whe n the electric system f blas tin g o

Is In effect this can be accomplished a single application f the

, on o

elect ic cur ent by using N o Delay

r r First Del y and , a

Second Delay Electric Fuz es in the s me bl sting ci cuit

“
a a r .

The N o Del y is a special ins t antaneous electric fuz e manu

a
”

f t r d f r use with the

ac u e o Fi st Del y and Second Del y r a
“
a ,
"

and will t give satisf cto y results if used in the same blasting
no a r
'
circuit with Victo r any o the ins t nt neous electric fuzes n or
r o r a a ,

ca n any inst nt neous fuze o ther th n the N Delay be used

a a a O

s tisf c torily wi th Fi st DCI y

a a d Second Del y Elect ic r a
”
a n a r

Fuzes As signified by thei n ame N Delay Elect ic Fuz es

. r , O r

de t onate at the ins t nt the electric cur ent p sses through them
a r a .

Fi st Delay and S econd Del y Elect ric Fuz es contain a

r
“
a

slow bu ning subs tance which is ig ited by the elect ic s p a k and

r n r r

which fte bur i ng a short period f time igni tes the de t on ting
, a r n o , a

comp osi tion below i t The burning s peed f this slow bu ning
. o r

I7
 e e
N o D l a y E l ctr i c F u ze an d S e
con d D l a y El e e ti
c r c

u
( Act a l S i )ze F uz es ( Act u a l Si ze)

18
substance c nnot be m de absolu tely uni form under ll condi
a a a

tions and consequently Del y Electric Fuz es Of the s me pe riod

,
a a

i n a blasting circuit may not all explode simultaneously There .

is however always a distinct period f time betwee n the ex plosion

, , o

o f the N Del ys and of the quickest f the First Del ys

O a o ,
a

and betwee n the slowest f the First Delays and the quickest o

f the S econd Del ys This insures that section Of the ound

”
o a . r

which is p imed with the N Del y s being blasted t befo e

r O a ou r

the Fi st Delays explode and the sectio n primed with the First
“
r
”

Delay s being blasted t before the Second Delays explode

ou .

These elect ic fuz es are e sily distinguished f om e ch other

r a r a

and from Victor electr c fuzes by the color f the wi es the

i o r ,

N o Del y wi es being red Fi st Del y whi te

a r d , r a an

Secon d Delay blue

"
.

These electric fuz es equire the s me c eful h ndling d

r a ar a an

storing do Vict or elect ic fuzes They r m de in the N

as r . a e a
‘

O .

6 ( red l b l) g rade only and wi th wi es f t h s me length

a e r o e a as

those f Victor electric fuzes

o .

I9
 All f these disadvant ges
o ove come by the use f the a a re r o

Du Pont Elect ic Squib These Elect ic Squibs r simila i n . r a re r

gene l a ppea ance to Vic to Elect ic Fuzes but h ve heavy

ra r r r , a a

pape p inste d f a coppe

r ca The cha ge in this cap does
a o r o ne . r

no t detonate like that i n elect ic fuzes but me el y shoots t a r , r ou

sm ll fl m When Elect ic Squibs

a a e . used the cha ge f blast r a re , r o

ing powde be ignited in th cente gi ving a little quicke and

r ca n e r, r

st onge action and insu ing the explosion f the entire ch ge

r r , r o ar

befo e any f the su ounding mate i l

r o f l l and cut ff a rr r a ca n a o

po tion of i t The bo e h l too can be tamped solid leaving

r . r o e, , ,

no vent f pa tial loss f the strength f the p owde Whe n

or a r o o r .

the entire charge is exploded at once less smoke is give n ff by , o

the explosive This with the elimin tio n of smoke f om bu ning

.
,
a r r

safety fuse esults i n pu e i making it possible f both mine s

, r r r a r, or r

d d ught i m l to do mo e wo k
ra an a s r r .

O the advant ges in the use f Elect ic Squibs

r a o r a re

that when mo e th n shot is to be fi ed l l f the r a one r a o

bo e holes can be connected in se ies and fi ed at the

r r r

s me instant esulting in a ve y conside able saving in

a , r r r

both powde and time and shot fi can cove a g eat r , re rs r r

’
deal mo e g ound th n when using fuse mine s squibs
r r a or r .

It is much safe to bl st wi th Elect ic Squibs than r a r

’
wi th fuse mine s squibs bec use shots or n ot f ed r , a a re ir

until eve y one including the blas te is a s fe distance

r , r, a

aw y and bec use d nge f h ng fi es is enti ely obvi ted

a , a a r o a r r a .

I n sho t the dvant ges g ined by the use f Elec

r , a a a o

t ic Squibs m y be summed p follows

r a U as

Mo e wo k f om give n amount Of bl sting p owde

r r r a a r
.

Eve y body out f d nge befo e the shots

r fi ed o a r r a re r .

N o waiting ; the fi ing is inst ntaneous r a .

Any n umbe f shots fi ed simul taneously r o r .

N o fumes f om bu ning s fe ty fuse r r a .

A minimum mount of smoke f om the bl sting p owde a r a r .

(A l
ctu a
In connecting u p Elec t ic Squibs f fi ing th wi es r or r , e r ,

S ze )
i whe e joined should be cle n d b igh t Connections
r , a an r .

24
 should be m de in se ies in the s me m nne Vi t o Elect ic
a r a a r as c r r

Fuzes ( S illus t tion p ge

. ee ra on a

Elec t ic Squibs equi e the s me s t o ge condi tions

r r r a ra as

Elect ic Fu z es and al though they c nnot be ex ploded by shock

r , a

or concussion like elect ic fuzes they must be h ndled just as r , a

c efully f thei const uction is necess i l y delic te d they

ar , or r r ar a an

ca n be e sil y b oken by ough h ndling

a r r a .

They m f a re a nu a c

t
ure d with 4 feet 5 feet 6 , ,

feet 8 feet I O feet and I 2

, ,

feet cop pe i o n wi es r or r r .

Those with i o n wi e s r r a re

somewhat less ex p e n sive ,

but equi e a st onger elec

r r r

t ic cu ent to ex plode them

r rr ,

bec use of the infe io con

a r r

d ti i ty f i o n a
uc v m o r s co

p ed with coppe wi e
ar r r .

They l mo e e sily
a re a so r a

affected by moistu e We do n ot ecommend elect ic squibs

,
r . r r

with i on wi es longe tha n 8 feet

r r do w c y them i n stock r , n or e a rr .

Elect ic Squibs p acked 50 to the c to n d I O c tons

r a re ar an ar

t the c se
o G oss and net weights f c ses
a . ras follow s o a a re

Qu ti y
an t L e ngt h O ide D i e i
ut s m ns o ns o f C e as s

" ”
25 l bs . I 7% l b s . 22 x 9 y2 x 9%
" "
20 22 x 9 V2 x 9%
22 x
"
22 II%
'
x x
" "
22 x II 2 x 9 V2
”
22 x I5 ‘
2 x
R e l ia b l e B l a s t i n g M a c hi n e s
Pu l l U p B l a s t in g M a c h in e s
 e
R l i a bl e or
“
U . S . S t a n d a rd
u
( P s h D o wn )

28
 B la s t in g M a c h in e s
HE DU PON T CO MPAN Y m nufactu es two a r

diffe ent s tyles Of bl sting m chines but these

r a a , a re

designed on the s me g l p i i pl aThey e ne ra r nc e .

a re

U S St and a rd
. .
( Push Down )

The R eli ble a U S St nd dor Push D o w n Bl ting

. . a ar as

M chine is m nuf ctu ed in t w siz es follow

a a a r o as s
°

No 2 No 3
u e p
. .

( 2 P o st s n l ss s ec
ee i
,

( 2 P osts on ly ) i a lly o rd r d w th 3
P o s ts )

" ” "
E e i uze
I t o I O l c tr c F s. I t o 30 l ct r c
"
E e i Fuze
"
s .

7 x 8 x I4 7 x Io x IS
20 l bs . 25 l bs .

25 l bs . 3 0 l bs .

S t an d a r d Bl i a st ng i
Ma ch nes a re man uf u ed
a ct r No 3 . s ize on ly .
 I n the accomp nying illus t ation the pa ts ma ked 8 d 9
a r ,
r r an

a refield magnets which ene giz ed by the current from the

,
a re r

revolving a m tu e I 6 The teeth Of the a matu e pinion eng ge

r a r . r r a

with the ck b r I and by clutching also eng ge wi th the

ra a ,
a

a matu e sh ft
r r the downw d s t oke ( only) of the ck b
a on ar r ra ar .

4 is the contact s p ing which when s t uck by the bottom f the

r , ,
r o

descending ck b b e ks the contact between two small pl ti

ra a r, r a a

n um be ings ar the u ppe f ce of the contact sp ing and the

, o ne o n r a r

othe the unde side of the b idge 5 and i n this w y th ows

r on r r , a r

the enti e cu e n t th ough the outside ci cuit th t is le ding

r rr r
”
r , a , a

wi e elect ic fuzes a n d connecting wi e ; I 5 is the commutato

r , r r r .

To ope ate the push down blasting m chine lift up the

r a ,

rack b by the h ndle 3 4 to its f ll extent and with one quick

ar a u , ,

ha d st oke push it down to the bottom f the b with a l i d

r r ,
o ox so

th d uAs th rack b r a pp oaches the bo ttom it becomes mo e

. e a r , r

difficult to o pe te bec use of the building u p f the bl sting

ra , a
“
o a

m chine ; but the speed Of the thrust should t be diminished

a no ,

because the finish f the ope tio n is just as imp or t nt as the

o ra a

start D not be af id f p ushing the ck b dow n too h d

. O ra o ra ar ar .

The m chine is built to s t and it and this is the only w y t use

a , a o

it successfully .

30
 Pull U p Bl s ting M chines a a a re m nuf ctu ed in
a a r NO 5 .

siz e onl y follows , as

No 5 .

( 3 P ost s o nl y )
Cp ia ac ty I to I 00 E l e i F uze
ct r c s.

Di e i
" "
m n s o ns I2 x I4 x 23
N We i h
et g t 50 l b s .

Wei h B e d f
g t, ox or Sh m ip e nt 65 l b s .

and 9 the field magnets which

8 e ne giz ed by cu e n t
are are r rr

from the evolving a mature I 6 Motion is given to this by the

r r .

u p w d st oke f the ack b I ope ating

ar r the c nk 52 and
o r ar r on ra

the t i n f gea s 40 d 48 The quicke the upw d move

ra o r an . r ar

ment f the h ndle 3 6 the f ste the a matu e pinion I 8 is made

o a , a r r r

to evolve and consequently the g eate the cu ent gene ated

r , r r rr r .

At the end f the upwa d st oke the imp ct f the arm 6 I

o r r a o

a gainst the contact sp ing 4 causes the ci cuit to be broke n r r

between it and the bea ing p oint of the cont ct sc ew 6 The r a r .

cu ent is the efo e t th t inst nt th own into and causes the

rr , r r , a a a r ,

fi ing Of the elect ic fuzes

r r .

To ope ate the pull up bl sting machine Stand wi th

r
“
a :

e ch foot planted fi mly the fl nges eithe side of the bottom

a r on a on r

of the bl sting m chine and p l l p the ack b to its full extent

a a u u r ar

by the h ndle with a quick ha d je k As the limit f the p ull

a , r r . o

is pproached the o peratio n becomes mo e difficult owing to the

a ,
r ,

“
building u p f the blast ng m chine ; but the s peed should not
O i a

32
be dimi nished because the fi nish f the st oke is just as impo tant
,
o r r

as the st rt T y to je k the ack b r out f the top f the

a . r r r a o o

blasting machine A h l f hea ted ttem pt to ope te this bl sting

. a r a ra a

machine may l t in a f ilu e

re s u a r .

The c p city f three post bl sting m chines is incre sed

a a o a a a

about 50 per cent ove th t g ven the p eceding t bles when

. r a i In r a ,

P os t B l a s ti n g M a chi n e C e ted
on n c wi th
Two L a di n g Wi r e e s

Thr ee P os t B l a s ti ng M a chi n e C e ted wi th

, onn c

Thr ee Le a d i ng Wi e r s

a third le ding wire is ru n from the m i ddl binding post and

a e ,

connected to the mi ddl f the bl sting ci rcuit the le ding wires

e o a , a

from the two outside binding p osts being connected to the first
.

and l st elect ic fuzes i n the circuit Whe n only two leading

a r .

wires are used with the three p ost m chine they must be con a ,

t d to the mi ddl binding p ost and either one of the outside

ne c e e

binding posts but never to the two out side binding posts
i

, .

34
 bl sting machines
O ur a st ongly made and will s t and with a re r ,

little dete io atio n the t e tment to which it is necessa y to subject

r r r a r

them Their mecha nism though designed as simply as possible

. , ,

is mo e less complicated d delic te and al though they will

r or an a ,

withstand the usage to which it is e e y to p ut them they n c ssa r ,

must be t eated with at le st some conside tion The e can be

r a ra . r

no possible excuse f th owing bl sting m chine about or r a a a , or

pe mitting it to emain exposed to w t weathe

r r l ying in the e r or

mud Whe n a blasting machi ne is treated i n this w y i t li fe

. a , s

will be short and its usefulness limited .

R emember that good ca e will p olong the usefulness f the r r o

bl st ng machine wi ll educe the necessity f ep i s and will h l p

a i , r or r a r e

t maintain its e fficiency

o The be ings d gea ings should be . ar an r

lightly oiled occasionally but the commutato which is the , on r,

small coppe cove ed wheel r the e n d of the a matu e sh ft

r on r r a

( see I 5 i n illustr tion n pages 3 I a n d a use a little

o g aphite r ,

but n v u i l See that the two slots cut the copper pa t

e er se o . In r

o f the commutato clean and with n o p article f metal any

r a re , o or

thing l i n them which might cause a sho t ci cuit Kee p the

e se r r .

coppe b ushes ( see 20 i n illustration p ges 3 I and 3 3) cle n

r r on a a ,

and see that they bea firmly the commutator Keep the r on .

ci cuit breaking contacts clea n and b ight

r r .

Whe n a bl sting m chine is n ot i n use store i t in a d y d

a a , r an

comp r atively cool place ; n ot i n a le ky tool box

a top f a or on o

a boile r .

Every bl sting machine is tes ted thoroughl y befo e le ving

a r a

the wo ks and if newr , does t give satis f cto y esults when

a o ne no a r r

received it may have bee n injured by rough h ndling du ing

, a r

tr ns p or t tion
a a .

The p rts f these blasting m chines

a o l l stand rd a a re a a ,

and whe n wo n t or broken can be eplaced at a sm all cost

r ou r .

Whe n Orde ring give the s tyle and numbe f the bl sting m chine
, r o a a

in which they are used as w ll as the n umber f the p rt as , e o a

show n i n illustrations o n pages 3 I and 3 3 D n ot return a . O

bl s ting m chine to us to be rep ired without fi rst secu ri n g

a a a

prope r shi pping di recti ons from r ne est br nch office a list f ou ar a , o

which is given o n the b ck f this c t logue a o a a .

35
Co n n e c t i n g W ir e
L e a d in g W ir e
L e a d in g W ir e R e el
 l
s u a te copper wire ( N o I 4 Brown Shar pe g uge)
d . a an d is
furnished i n coils of the following lengths and weights :

200 f b u 4 lb t . a o t

250 5
3 00
500

Duplex Le ding Wire is made a

by binding t ogether two insul ted cop a

Le d g W ' per wires with

a in i e
outside insul tion an a ,

giving it the e ffect of a single c ble It is somewh t higher i n a . a

price but generally more convenient tha n single le ding wire

,
a .

It weighs approximately twice much as the s me length as a

of single leading wire and ca n be had in coils of the same length

, .

D plu e Le x a d i ng Wi r e ( Actu a l Si ze)

L e a d in g W ir e R e e ls
A Le ding Wire R eel is very useful and will soo n p y for
a , a

itself by kee p ng the le ding wire i n good conditio n and in saving

i a

time It weighs empty about I 6 pounds and is

. inches ,

high I 8 inches
,

l g including
on

handle and has ,

a maximum ca

p ac i ty f 8 00
o

feet ( 4 00 feet
double) f N o 0.

I 4 ( Brow n
Sha pe g u g e )
r a

insulated wi re . L e a d i ng Wi re R eel
 G alv a n o m e t e r s

instrument comp ises a galvanometer and a

HI S r

battery ( Fig I page mounted in a suitable

.
,

case f metal and ha d rubber ( Fig

o which r .

i n tur n is con tai ned i n a n outer case of sole leather

equ pped with a st ong sli ng st ap ( Fig
i the r r
*'
.

whole being designed with a thorough knowledge

f the co n ditions prevailing n the work whe e
o o r

electric blasting is done a n d with a iew to pro , V

d i g a n instrument st o n g enough to withsta n d such co n ditio n s

uc n r

a n d at the same time ret i n suffi cient a

delicacy t make reliable tests

o .

The Galvanometer is f the o

upright t y p e
with a magnetic
n eedle f such o

design that the

pointer is held at
the sta ting point
r

o f the sc le by a

gr vity a l o n e
a ,

thus h n n g e n na n

the n ecessity of
holdi n g the i n
F ig 2 F ig 3
trume n t W t h
.

S l
D P G l ee u on t a va nom t r

an y reference to D i e ( l u dm e )
n s i ons 2i nc3 5 i ng ca s
"
x x
‘
2
“

a n orth and south W e g h ( l u d g ei d t

p ) i nc I ll in ca s an s tr a ) .

position r f using a permanent m gne tic field r springs of any

, o o a o

kind i n its construc tion The only prec ution as to position is

. a

Le he at l r ee e
g a va n om l de wi h
t r p e f h D P R he
c a s s a re a s o ma t a co m art m nt or t e u o nt os ta t .

43
that i t b h l d bl y l ev l
e The sc le ( see cut Fig 4)
e rea s ona e . a , .

is gradu ted i n a reverse direc tion and the units the eo n epresent
a , r r

ohms resistance i n the outer circuit The idea is to not merely .

show whether a give n circuit is open r closed but to give “

o
“
,

an a pproximate idea f the r i t f such circuit Withi n the

o es s a n ce o

limitations of a n inst ument f this typ e F ins t nce if the r o . or a ,

p oles f the inst ument be

o r F ig . 4

sho t ci cuited by me ns f a
r r a o

thick piece f wi e f p ti o r o ra c

c lly n o esistance the indicato

a r , r

needle pointe will go ac oss

or r r

the enti e sc le and stop atr a

ze o If the oute ci cuit has

r . r r

a esist nce of 6 4 ohms

r a ,

the n eedle will n ot be

de fl ected so f but will a r,

stop at 64 and so , on .

Ch nges i n the st ength

a r

o f the batte y cell will r

,

of course int oduce e o s , r rr r

into these eadin gs but r ,

by taking occasional t ial r

readings through known

r esistances ( such as those pro
vi d d i n the Du Pont R heost t)
e a

and e placing the b tte y l l

r a r ce

whe n it becomes weak these ,

erro s will be mi nimized The

r .

info matio n give n by this i t

r n s ru F ig . 1

’
ment will be found of g eat v lue P f D P G l ’w
r a ,
m“ ° " m “ a va m el e

i n testing a blasting ci cuit f ough as the esistance measu e r , or, r r r

men ts may be they se ve to detect short ci cuits as well as b eaks

, r r r ,

an d a help i n testing single electric fuzes both befo e and

a re , r

a fter loading them into the bo e holes r .

The battery cell ( Fig 5) is f a kind selec ted by us . o

‘

afte a long se ies f ex pe iments While f long life d f

r r o r . o an o

44
g e t cons tancy it is very We k b tte y cell and the cu rent
r a , a a a r , r

whi ch is sent th ough elect ic fuze when m king a test wi th

r an r a

the m bl d i t m t is less tha n

a ss e e t enth f th st reng th
ns ru en o ne -
o e

requi red to ex plode it The length of time b ttery cell will . a a

l st depends of course u p on how f equently it is used and how

a , , r

long the urrent is allowed to flow in m king e ch test Whe n

c a a .

prope ly used r l l is ffi t f sever l thousand tests

, o ne ce su c1 e n or a .

The simple form of connecto enables the use to re pl ce th r r a e

exh usted cell with a new one with but little t ouble The b t
a r . a

t y cell is ve y small and light

er d can be sent by m il
r an a .

To enew the b ttery cell t ke out the four screws in the

r a , a

sides f the metal case The wo king p ts

o then be lifted . r ar ca n

ou t en tire being all sus p ended from the ha d r ubber to p

, The r .

exh usted battery cell is the n emoved by pulling downward

a r ,

when its two p oles will come out f the s plit bush ngs leaving it o i ,

f ee The new battery cell is r eplaced by simply pushing its

r .

two poles into the split bushings just as the l d was , o o ne co n

t d
ne c e The only p ecau tio n necess ry is to be sure the
. r a

and poles connected to the cor esp onding bushings

a re r so

m ked
ar .

I use the inst ument in its lea the c se is c ied by the

n , r r a a rr

blaster at his side slung from the s trap which p sses ove his , a r

o pposite shoulde i n the same manner as a field gl ss is c rried

r, a a .

To m ke a test it is only n ecess y to touch the ends f the two

a , ar o

wi es to the two binding posts when the indic tor will immediately
r , a

move over the scale and afte a few oscillations s top at a , r ,

p ositio n co responding with the resistance f the C rcu t which

r o i i ,

ca n be re d from the scale O n pages 50 a n d S I will be found

a .

a t ble giving the aver ge resistance f elect ic blasting i

a a o r c r

cuits If the test indic tes a resistance g eatly at variance with

. a r

what it should be the blaster knows at once th t something is , a

wrong Breaks are quickly located merely by following the

.
,

sim ple instructions give n l ter The inst ument and the methods a . r

o f us ng t i s ch as a pply to the equi ements f th pr ctic l

i a re u r r o e a a

bl ste
a distinguished f om the tr ined elect ician whose finer
r, a s r a r ,
.

45
i n st uments and methods would b at a disadvantage unde the
r e r

conditions p evailing o n the ordin y elect ic blasting j b

r ar r o .

We commend the instrument to r customers because it ou

is a convenience and a time s ver and also bec use the more a , a

ex ct methods which it makes possible n ot only en ble them to

a a

secure better execution from r goods but most im p o tant f ou , r o

all these exact methods minimiz e d nger and lesse n the risk f
, a o

accidents .

T e s t i n g t he G a l v a n o m e t e r

Before using test the Galvanometer by placing a short

,

piece f thick copper wire across its two binding posts The
o .

wire h ving almost n o resistance the n eedle should be defl ected

a ,

to its widest limit m rked zero the scale If it does n ot move

, a on .

or go as far as zero the battery cell is exhausted or we kened

, a .

O the useful tests giving p actice i n the use of the inst ument can
r , r r ,

be m de by means of the Du Pont R heostat ( see cut p ge

a , a

with which known esistances can be t ried the Galvanometer

r on ,

and its eading f those esis t nces ve ified

r or r a r .

R e s i s t a n c e s o f R h e o s t a t i n O hm s
T ab l e of

The esistances furnished between the different p os ts o f t h

r e

R heos t t are as follows

a :

B twe ee I n an d2
2
u
3
u
 D i r ect i o n s f or Us i n g
The oper tion of the instrument is as follows When a
a :

passageway is offe ed so th t the electric cu rent r , a r

ca n pass from binding post to the other the curren t

one ,

from the b ttery cell flows through this ci rcuit t r versing the
a , a

G lv nome ter coil

a a the w y and c using its needle to be
on a , a

de fl ected The amount f the de fl ection is g e t whe n the ci cuit

. o r a er r

has l i ttl e r i t e d l when the ci cuit h g t r r i t n

es s a n c , an ess r as r ea e es s a ce .

Although the Galv nometer is com p tively simple in design a a ra ,

and as substantially made as possible f such an inst ument or r ,

some f the p ts are necess rily f delic te const uction It

o ar a o a r .

should therefore be h ndled c efully and ke p t p erfectly d y

, , a ar r .

T o T es t a Ci r cu i t

To test a circuit with the G alva n ometer connect r , o

touch the le ding wires to its two binding posts after eve ything
a , r

is made ready to fire I f the circuit is pe rfect it will have the

.
,

right resistance ( see p ges 50 and 5 I ) and the n eedle will move
a ,

to the corres p onding number o n the dial If it moves too far it .

,

shows that there is a short circuit r leak and that part “ ”

o ,

o f the elect ric cu r rent is n ot going through all the electric fuzes ,

but is esca ping cross some easier circuit If the needle does n ot
a .

move t l l r not as far as it should there a bre k in the

a a , o , IS a

circuit r some high resist ance like a b d join t

, o a .

L o cat e a B r e ak To
To loc te a break make sure th t the ends f the leading
a , a o

wi res which y u would attach to the blasting machine are

, o ,

sep t d and
a ra e n ot touching nything ( see Fig 7 p ge Carry a .
, a

the G lvanometer with you to the lo ded bore holes Attach a

a a .
'

piece f connecting wire N to

o binding post K f the “ "
o ne
”
o

Galvanometer long enough f r you to fas te nits other end to the

, o

joint D and s till have sl ck enough to reach each f the other

“

, a o

bore holes N ow touch the binding post L f the G lv

.
“ ”
o a a

m t r to the joint C l f the G lvanomete w shows

“
no e e . a r no

circui t while it did n ot when th test w m de from the o the

, e as a r

48
e nd f the leading wires the bre k is in the leading wires If it
o , a .

does n ot show circuit find the break in the electric fuz e circ i t
, u ,

by touching the binding p ost L ( or a short piece of wi e lVl “ "

r
“ ”

connecting wi th binding p ost L whichever is more conve nient) ,

to e ch of the b e joints E F G and H in succession

a ar
“ “

,
" “

,
” “ ”
.

As long as you are inside the bre k these contacts will cause “
a ,

the needle to be deflected As soo n as you get bey ond the break .
,

o r p oint f high resist nce y ou get either ve ry slight deflection r

o a , o

none at all I this w y the t rouble

. quickl y be tr ced to the
n a ca n a

particular electric fuze in which the bre k exists F or inst nce a . a ,

if the electric fuz e wire in bore hole N o 3 is broken you get a .

,

deflection whe n L o M is touched to F but n one on “ ”

r
“ “

touching G ; showing that the break is between F and G

“ ” " “
.

Single electric fuzes ca n also be tested both befo e and , r

after putting them in the bore hole simply by touching the ends ,

o f the elect ic fuz e wi es ( sc ped cle n) to the two binding p o ts

r r ra a s .

( S ee C u t ion p age
a The resist nce
, f elect ric fu z e i a o o ne s

so m ll th t it should cause a wide deflection

s a a .

Hold the instrument wi th the di l l v l I f the needle a e e .

does not move at all when a test is made j r it slightly to m ke , a a

sure it is not stuck .

R enew the b tter y cell in th G lv nome te r when i t is

a e a a

exhausted and test the Galv nometer frequentl y to m ke sure it

,
a a

is i n good working order .

Ho w t o U s e t he T a b l e s on P a g e s 50 a n d 51

The numbers above the double lines t the head f the a o

columns refer to the length f the wires f the electric f zes o o u

used Select wh tever column refers to the length you are using
. a ,

and beginning at t h to p followit down to the n mbe f electric

,
e ,
u r o

fuzes in the ci rcuit to be teste d as show n in the fi rst column .

For i n stance if y ou h ve th ee I 2 foot electric fuzes th resist

, a r , e

a n ce should be ohms If you have fifty I 2 foot electric .

fuzes the resist nce should be

,
ohms d so on These
a , an .

resistances are only a pproxim te but they r suff ciently close a ,

a e i

to give useful info rmation .

49
T abl e of R esi st an ces of B l a s t i n g Ci r c u i t s i n O hm s

No 0 f L E NGT H OF FU Z E Wl R ES l N F EET
Ee i
.

l c tr c
F uz es i n
Ci ui
rc t 2 4 6 8 IO I2 I6 I8 20 2 2 24

D e im l
c a s sma ll e r t ha n OI
. o hm el imi ed
na t

50
T ab l e of R e s i s t an ce s of B l a s t i n g Ci r c u i t s i n O hm s

L ENGTH OF F UZ E W IRES I N F E ET

D e im l
c a s sma ll e r t ha n OI
. o hm el i mi ed
na t

5!
 C au t i o n

The ques tion is ofte n asked whether it is absolutely safe

to p ss eve n the weak testing current f this Galvanometer
a , , o

through a single electric f ze The only answer w u . give e ca n

is that while we test many thousands of electric fuzes every

mo n th by p ssing weak electric curre n ts th rough them without
,
a ,

accidents still there is n othing i n the handling of ex plosives r

, , o

electric fuzes th t can be said to be entirely safe Those who

, a .

quest on the safety of testi n g a si n gle electric fuze or circuits

i ,

con tai ning electric fuzes i n the man ner outlined above ca n insure
,

gre ter safety when testing a si n gle electric fuze by placi n g it in

a ,

a short piece of iro n pipe r similar receptacle so that i t acci

, o , s

dental detonatio n would do o ha m l locatin g b eaks i n a

n r . n r

circuit where the electric fuzes are i n the bore holes the tests , can

be made from a safe distance through a pair of leadi n g wires, ;

The latter procedure involves f course the disconnecting f the

, o , o

Galv nometer from the ends f the le d wires a n d a trip to the

a o a ,

lo ded bore hole every time the connection s are cha n ged for a
a ,

new test .

52
resist nce su ff cient to ep esent a test
a i r r o f hu ndre d 3 0 f oot
on e

l t i c f e wi th th l e di g wi
e ec r uz s, e a n r e, con n ecti ng wi r e a n d a l l

conn ecti ons i n the bl a s ti ng ci r cu i t

.

It will be n oted that the binding p osts I 2 5 and 6 , , a re

not a tt ched to the esist nce wire at equ l dist nces

a r a The purpose a a .

of this is to affo d di fferent resis t nces betwee n diffe ent binding

r a r .

posts e ch epresenting a test , a r

f a ce tain number f elect ic

o r o r

fuz es If the wi es X and . r

“

Y ( see Fig 2 this page and .

, ,

Fig 4 p ge 57) r attached .

, a a e

to binding posts I and 2 it ,

HG 2
epresents a test f fi ve electric
r o

fuzes ; if to posts 2 and 3 te n ,

electric fuz es ; to posts 3 d an

4 twenty elect ic fu z es ; , to r or

p osts 4 and 5 twenty fi ,

-
ve

elect ic fuzes But the wires r .

X and Y n eed not be

“ ” “

tt ched to adjoi ning p osts If

a a .
,

f ins t nce the y

or a ,
t t ched t p os t s I and 4 the test r pr
a re a a o , e e

56
sen t s sum f the intervening numbe rs fi ve ten d tw enty
t he o , , an ,

o r t ot l
a f thi rty fia electric fuzes
o -
ve .

A shown b y the n umbe r s st m ped u p on the h r d rubber

s a a

be tween the binding p osts a large number f tests re presenting , o ,

f om li up to
r ve hund ed elect ic fuzes can be easily m de
o ne r r , a .

I t esting a two p ost Blas ting lVl hi

n ( Fig 2 p age i
ac ne .
,

if th wires X and Y
e connected with the binding p ost s
“ “
a re

2 d 4 the e ffect is to int oduce all f the inte vening esis t nce
an ,
r o r r a

'
Fig . 3

into the circuit ; and if a blas ting m chine so connected is ble a a

to fi e the
r elect ic fuz e used as an indicator i t sho w s th t it
o ne r , a

is c p ble f fi ing thi ty electric fuzes in circuit

a a o r r .

A three post Blasting M chine ( Fig 4) is tes ted in p ti a . ra c

cally the same w y exce p t that there two circui ts to test ;

a ,
a re

th t between binding posts N and 0 show n by pl in lines

a
” “

,
a ,

and th t between M and 0

a
“ ”
,

shown by dotted lines It will be .

seen at gl nce that each f these

a a o

ci cui ts is iden tic l with that shown

r a

in Fig 2 p ge 56 l i the bl s ting

.
, a . a

m chine i s a R eli ab l e or U S
a . .

S t ndard N 3 the rated capacity

a o .
,

of which is thi rty ele ctric fuz es

between N and O r thirty ,
"
o

elect ic fu z e s between M and

r

i t would a p pe a t h t t r a i s

ca p acity when using th ee leading

,
r

wi es should be the sum f these

r ,
o F ig .

two tests sixty elect ic fuzes ; but this is not the case for
, or r ,

57
 whe n both ci cuits are used at o pe ation f the bl sting
r o ne r o a

m chine the cap city of each ci cuit is educed to bout twenty

a ,
a r r a

two electric fuzes m king the tot l capacity of the blasting , a a

machine about fifty per cent gre te whe n three leadi n g wires . a r

a reused than it is whe n but two leading wires are used This .

same p inci ple a pplies to r other three post blasting machi nes
r ou .

l f two R heostats available both sides of the blasting a re ,

m chi ne
a be tested at once if desi ed using one R heostat and
ca n r ,

one elect ic fuze connected as shown by the solid lines ( Fig 4

r .
,

page a n d the othe R heostat and anothe elect ic fuze con r r r

n t d u p like the dotted lines

ec e As i n the p e vious tests the . r ,

capacity of the blasting machine is indic ted by the sum f the a o

n umbe s between the two binding p osts on the R heostat to which

r ,

the wi es X and Y r attached

“ “ ”
a re .

The esist nces i n the R heostat r based u p o n 3 0 foot

a a re

elect ic fuz es and the equi ed su plus esistance ; so that if the

r r r r r ,

electri c fuzes in use f sho te lengths it will be possible toa re o r r ,

fi a g eate numbe than this test will indicate ; eve n i n some

re r r r ,

c ses up to twice the numbe O the othe hand the e may

a , r . n r , r

be ci cumstances which will cut down the n umbe that can be

r r

fi ed below what the R heostat test will indic te Chief among

r a .

these will be leak ge of elect ic C i t in some part f the blasting

a r i rre n o

ci cuit eithe f om ba e joints wi e touching damp g ound

r , r r r or r r , or

othe conducto s
r f om fluids f g eat penet ting qualities
r , or r o r ra

coming in con tact wi th the insulatio n f the wi es f too long o r or

a time before fi ring O f these fl uids the worst are the strong .
,

s aline liquids eve n though they be i n sm ll amounts foun d in salt

, a ,

mines and th bore hole w shings in certain kinds f rock If

, e a o .

the electric fuz es di ffer gre tly in sensitiveness to the firing current a ,

this will also cut down th number that be de pe nded u p on e ca n

to fi re simul t neously a .

I using a R heos tat d

n t e t m re th , o no conn c o an on e

e le t i f e i
c r c th m uzir it i di t
n bec use
e sa e c cu as an n ca or, a

the resistance f the R heostat may so cut down the electric

o

current from the bl sting m chine that only a very lit tle would a a

be left t p ss through th electric fuzes l f then tw or more

o a e .
, , o

58
electric fuz es be used the resist nce of one of them might be
, a

suffi cie n t to reduce th electric current to such a n extent that it

e

would t heat up the bridge wi re in the others quickly enough

no

to explode them at th same instant th t the first

e ex ploded a o ne

and broke the circuit This being th c se it can be cle rly see n
. e a , a

that the R heostat is not t rue indic tor f the cap aci ty of the
a a o

bl sting m chine when more th n

a a electric fuz e is used t one
a o ne a

time with it .

Do not rely on one test but re peat it few times so as t

, a , o

guard against accident ll y using a bad electric fuz e for the test
a .

Ag in in case a weak blasting machine is indic ted in testing

a , a

with the R heostat m ke sure that the R heost t is i n good condi

, a a

tion and if i n doubt t y the bl sting machine before fi n lly

, , r a , a

condem ning it on a circuit f elect ic fuzes equal to the ating f

, o r r o

the bl sting m chine

a a .
 They r packed in ti n boxes holding l oo bl sting c p s
a e ,
a a

each These
. put up f shipment in strong wooden cases f
a re or o

the following c pacity a

C eN 0 as o. 500 B l i Cp a s t ng a s

I
2
3
5

It will be n oted that the n umbe of the case with the r ,

exce p tion f Case N o 0 co responds wi th the fi st fi gure f the

o .
, r r o

numbe f ca p s packed in each c se As n o case cont ining

r o a . a

is packed the e is n o Case N o 4

, r . .

Blasting Cap s should be stored in a dry place and when ,

conveying them to the wo k whe e they to be used n o moistu e

r r a re , r

wh tever should be permitted to get into the ch rge which they

a a

cont in This charge is very easily ffected by damp ness and

a . a ,

will absorb moisture and deteriorate u nless the blasting caps re , a

kept perfectly dry Storage i n dam p places such as tool boxes

in mines is likely to ffect the charge i n blasting caps d w
.
,

, a hile , an ,

a sm ll quantity of moisture may t entirely p revent their pl d

a no ex o

ing it may weaken them to such an extent that they will n ot

,
‘

properly detonate high explosives .

Blasting C ps are detonated by means f safety fuse a nd

a o ,

the methods f attaching the blasti n g cap to the fuse and f prim
o , o

ing high ex plosive c rtridges with the blasti n g cap and fuse are
a ,

covered in that p ortion f thi s catalogue which treats of safety fuse

o .

C e
as o f B l a s ti ng C a ps

64
P ri m i ng a Dy n a m i t eC
a r tri dg e i n t he E n d
 S af e t y Fus e

AFETY FU SE may be used wi th blasting cap s

to de tonate high ex plosives whe n i t t is no ne ce s

sary to fi more tha n one charge at a time I t may

re .

also be used without blasting caps to explode , ,

blasting powder S ome g ades ca n be used i n . r

compar atively w t work ( provided ca e is take n e r

n ot to injure the fuse when tamping the bore hole

and p ovided the charge is fi ed promptly) if the
r r

joint betwee n the s afety fuse and blasting cap is made absolutely
w te proof with s oap tallow r similar substance Oi l r liquid
a r , o . o

g ease hould never be used because they

r s likely to s oak , a re

into the fuse a n d i njure the powder train In sulating tape can .

also be used to advantage for this purpose .

The different ki n ds f afety fuse may be divided into four

o s

gener al classifications according to the n ature f th work for

, o e

which they are designed These . a re

D ry W ork W et W ork
U
D am p W o rk n d er W at er

It must be emembered however that good results will n t

r , , o

be had eve unde this cl ssification unless the precautions

, n r a ,

i n regard to loading tamping etc o tlined above are ca e fully

, , .
, u r

observed F example seve al different kinds f safety fuse

. or , r o

will bur n through satisfacto ily unde wate if they have only bee n
r r r

u n der the water f r a short time and at n o appreciable p essu e

o r r ,

but n one f them will esist wate under pressu e for ma ny hou s
o r r r r .

Most fuse whe n bur ning spits fi from the sides an d gives
, , re

o ff a relatively large volume f smoke This is highly objectiono .

able i n mi nes where the ventilatio n is n t good an d speci l b ands o a r

i n which these faults are reduced as much as p ossible manu a re

f t r d f r this work
ac u e o It is usually necessa y however whe n
. r , ,

67
reduci ng smoke a nd side pitti n g to sac ifice somewhat other s , r

desirable q ualities such as water resistance egula ity f burning , , r r o ,

e tc .These b ands are listed in the follo win g table as Special

r
“
.
"

Sa f e t y F u s e Cl a s s i f i ca t i o n

D ry W ork D am p W ork W e t W ork

H e mp — Wh te i S i e
ng l Ta pe Wh t e—
i D o u b l e Tap e W hite —

He p m —
Bl ac k S i le T ped
ng a
—
k
Bl ac 1
"

D uble ped
o Ta —
k
B l ac T
Co tt o n Be aver R el i ble a

S upe i r or M ni ng i Bl u e L bel T
a Vi 1 ct or
”

S l
y ieT
va n t Anchor
0

Ce er sc nt

U n d er W at er Be T ar

i l pe
Tr p e Ta —
White We e D s t rn . T T .

T i ple T ped B l k T
r a
—
ac
C me T
o t

S g
ta

A e i
m E gle 1
r can a
“

P ifi 1
‘

ac c

A me T
c

E li p e 1
c s
”

Fuse and Cotton Fuse

Hemp .
too m ll i n diameter to are s a

prope ly fi t the standard blasti n g cap a n d should be used only f

r , or

exploding blasti n g powder charges whe e unless a dyn mite r , a

primer is used a blasting cap is unnecessa y , r .

S afety fuse cann ot be kept i n good con ditio n unless sto ed r

in a l d y place
coo I f stored i n a hot place the heat is likely
, r .
,

t o melt the v a nish makin g the fus soft and black ; r it may d y
, e or r

it o t so that it will break whe n unrolled l f sto ed i n a dam p

u . r

place the powder i n the fuse soon abso bs moisture and fails to
, r

bur n p ope ly r r .

Whe n handli ng safety fuse do n ot twist b eak it , or r

”
.

Always nsert the fresh cut end f the fuse i n the blasting
i o

cap because the powder i n the end f the fuse become s damp
, o

a n d ine ffective ve y q uickly It is also likely to spill t f the r . ou o

cut e nd after the fuse has bee n handled a little .

So ld e a st o f Monta n a Wy o m ing Cl do ora o an ei

d N ew M x co .

mi g C l
, ,

1 So
“

ld w es t o f an ui
d i ncl d ng Mont a na , Wy o n ,d o ora o an d N ew M ei
x co .

68
 Alway s cut the end f t h safety fuse which is to be inserted o e

i n the blasting ca p squa ely ac oss a nd not diagon ally as the point r r ,

made by a diagon al cut may be bent fo ward whe n the safety r

fuse is pushed into the blasti n g cap and i n this way p event the , r

s p a k f om shooting into the blasting p cha ge Alway s p ess th

r r ca r . r e

end f the safety fuse gently against the cha ge i n the blasting ca p
o r

befo e c impi n g the blasting cap All s fety fuse except Cotton
r r . a ,

and Hemp is made to fit as snugly as possible into the blasting

,

cap in order to preve n t water moistu e f om ente ing If the or r r r .

safety fuse is foun d at a ny time to be a littl e too la ge to e nte th r r e

blasting cap do n ot attempt to cut ff any f the tape

, y rn o o or a ,

but sw ge s q ueeze the e n d u n til it is small enough

a or .

To p ime a dynamite r othe high explosive ca t idge , or r r r ,

with a blasting cap and safety fuse make a hole i n the e n d of the ,

c t idge afte u n folding the pape shell in the side f the ca t

ar r r r , or o r

r idge nea the e nd with a pointed stick about the size f a lead
r , o
'
pe n cil This hole should n ot be much la ger in diamete than
. r r

the blasti n g cap f a n i space a ound it always det acts f om

, or a r r r r

the fo ce with which a bu sting bl asting cap st ikes the pl w

r r r ex os e

su oundi n g it Do n t bu y the blasting cap so deep i n the

rr . o r

ca t idge that the safety fuse will come in cont ct with the pl
r r a ex o

sive f r any app eciable distance as the side spitting f s fety

o r ,
“
o a

fuse usually ig nites the explosive .

Best esults will be had if the bl sting p is p ointed t ig ht

r a ca s ra

d wn into the p ime ca t idge

o r r r r .

Whe n the blasting cap has been put i n th end of the e

ca t idge the pape must be folded ca efully about th s fety

r r , r r e a

fuse and tied secu ely with a piece f st i n g r o r .

Whe n the blasting p is inse ted i n the side f the ca t idge ca r o r r

nea the e n d the safety fuse is held i n positio n by tying it to the

r ,

ca t idge with a double loop f st ing Both f these methods f

r r o r . o o

p iming
r clearly illust ated n pages 6 6 and
a re N eve unde r o r r

any ci cumstances lace fuse th ough the p ime ca t idge as this

r
“ "
r r r r r ,

will almost inva iably ignite the ex plosive befo e it is detonated

r r ,

and b ni g dy n mi t g i v f
ur n e di g l y p i a f m e es o ex ce n o s onous u es .

Each p ck ge f safety fuse contains two 50 foot olls

a a o r ,

o ne inside f the othe o r .

69
 SA F E T Y F U S E —
E n si g n B i ck fo rd -
an d Cl i m a x
B ran d s
( So l d E as t of M ontana , W y om i ng , C ol or ad o and N ew Mex i co)

App r o x i m at e W e i g ht s an d D i m en s i o n s of P ac k a g e s
f o r D o m e s t i c Shi p m e n t s

C O T T ON AN D H EM P
k e e Net W ght ei O u ide D im e i
ts ns o n s

f P k ge
Pa c ag s Ta r
o ac a s

7%
I I
x
I I " "
6% x 1 1 % x 1 3
2I X
U
7%
rr n
x l 3 x
" "
l g yz 1 34
l l
x 3 x 15
mg "
x l 5
”
x
” "

( 6
l l % x 202 x

I I ”
1 4% x 27 4
H
x 3
1 , " ”
1 7 x 20 x 28 %
/ l "
1 7 x 20 x
1 ,
23 x 30

SP EC I AL XX, SP EC I AL X X X B E A VE R AN C H O R , , ,

C R E S CEN T S T A G ,

k e T e N We i h
O u i de Di e i ts m n s o ns
Pac ag s ar et g t o f P ac k e
ag s

'
'
"
O 5 00 / wo od 1 0% l b s 3 l bs 7 % l bs 7 15
— 1 000
c s . . . x x

' 1 9g 1 5
‘
$6
t
,

M 2 000 ,
66
36z 6% 30 x x 15
"

3 ” x
"

' 60 15 45 1 4/ 1 3
O u
O x 4
P 4 000 78 ] 8 60
N
h
,
"
U 94 1 9 75 x x 24
Q 1 1 2 22 90
"
x x
”
D
( bb l . 1 45 25 1 20 23 x 30

SI N G L E , AN D D O UB L E T AP E , S UP E RI O R MI N I N G,
R EL I A B L E
k e e Ne t W ght ei O u i de D i m e i
ts ns o ns

f P k ge
P ac ag s Ta r
o ac a s

O
'
5 00 / c s w oo d 1 1 l bs . 8 l bs . 7 x 7%
"
x 15
H
' 1 6 7%
I I 1 1
1 3% 1 4%
cs 1 1
x x

M 2 000 36/ 32
u

W 60
63 48 1 4%
"
x l 5
"
x 20% "

Q CC
82 64 x x

M 00
99 80
Q 1 18 96 x 20%
"
x 27%
"

W bbl . 1 53 1 28 23
"
x 30
"

70
P ri mi ng a eC
D y na m i t a r t ri dg e i n the Si de
 F US E E i g—
ns n i kf d B
-
B c or ra n d s —
C on ti n u ed

T RI P L E T A P E

k ge e Net W ght ei O u id e D i m e i
ts ns o n s

f P k ge
Pa c a s Ta r s
o ac a

O
'
500 / c s woo d 7
"
x 74
3 "
x 15
H
J ’ 1 3A
"
13 4
3 "
l 5
"
N 2 , 000 x x
” ” "
D
O 1 4% x 1 5 x 20V

'
R -

H
5 000
'
‘

U ,

G
N
6 000
,
'
7 000 bb l
,
.
23
"
x 30
"

SAFE T Y F U S E
(Sol d W est of and I ncl u d i ng M on tana , W y om i ng , C o l o rad o and

N ew M ex i ) co

Ap p rox im at e We i g ht s and D im i e ns on s of P ack ag es

for D om es t i c -
Shi p m en ts

SI N G L E W HI T ET APE —

D O UB L E T A P E W H I T E —

T RI P L E T A P E W H I T E —

W E ST E RN D T . .

k ge e Ne t W ght ei O u i de D im e i
ts ns o n s

f P k ge
Pac a s Ta r
o ac a s

”
1 9% lbs . 4 % lbs . 14 lbs . 8 x 1 2 x l 5%
" ”
38 8% 29 / 8% 1 5 24
u u u
x x
”
58 4 4 34 x 1 5% x 34
1 3
" " ”
s ari 15 1 5 }4 x 1 5% x 30
”
1 7 x 35

SI N G L E T AP ED —
B l ack

k e e Ne t W ght ei O ide Dim e i

u ts ns o n s

f P k ge
P ac ag s Ta r
o ac a s

7A
" "
23 l bs . 8 l bs . 1 5 lbs . x 1 4% x 1 3
”
8A
"
59 1 5 44
u
1 5% 37
u
x x
” "
1 1 0 23 87 1 4A x l 5 V2 x 37

72
 F U S E — Cd n t i n u e d

C O M ET
Pac k e
ag s Ta r e ei
N et W ght

64 lbs . 1 4 l bs 50 lbs .

1 22 23 ”
1 4A
99 x x

EC L I P S E
k e e ei
Net W g ht
O id e D
ut s
"

i m e ns i o
Pac ag s Ta r
o f Pac k e
a
g s

”
8A
6 0 l bs
1 1 6A
. 1 4
23
l bs . 46 lbs .

'
”
1 4A
x

x
1 5V
1 5V

74
Saf ety Fu e
s
Ca p Cr i m p e r s
T ha w i n g K e t t l e s
T a m p i n g B a gs
B l a s t in g M a t s
 Ca p Cr i m p e r s

blasting eq ipment whe e s fe ty fuse and blas t

O u , r a

ing caps used is complete without a C p

a re , a

C impe This i nexpe n sive little tool will wea

r r . r

f yea s and pay f itself many times ove i n a

or r , or r

day ; yet ma ny bl ste s fail to app eciate its value a r r ,

d eso t to a knife
an r thei teeth to faste n the
r or r

blas ting cap to the safety fuse Besides being .

exceedingly dange ous both f these methods r , o a re

ineffective and ofte n esponsible f expensive misfi es

.

, r or r .

The accompanying illust tio n s show plai nly why a cap ra

c impe a n d n ot th teeth
r r, a knife should be used to attach
e or ,

the blasting cap to the safety fuse .

BLAS TI N G CAP F AS TE N ED O N F U S E IT
W H T HE TEET H

N o . 1

BL AS TI N G CAP F AS TE N E D ON FU S E IT A N I
W H K FE

N o. 2

AS TI N
BL G CAP CR M I PE D O N FU SE T W I H A DU P NT
O CAP CR M I PE R

N o . 3

The blasting cap should be ve y secu ely f stened to the r r a

safety fuse both to preve n t the fuse from being p ulled out f it
,
o

whe n the p ime c t idge is loaded and the bo e hole tam ped
r r ar r r ,

77
and also to keep the ch ge i n the blasting ca p d y if wate ar r r

is p esent This
r . only be accompl ished by the use f a n
ca n o

inst ument m de especially f the pu pose

r a or r .

The Du Pon t Cap C impe is equipped with a n effective r r

fuse cutte and has a st aight m with which the hole f the
r r ar or

blasting p ca n be made i n the p ime ca t idge The othe

ca r r r r . r

arm has a hole i n it f a st i n g chain so th t it can be attached to

or r or ,
a

the bl ste d will n ot be somewhe e else when it is most wanted

a r, a n r .

D u P on t Ca p C e ri m p r

This c imper is so made that it cannot p ess the blasting

r r

cap far enough into the fuse to cut ff the p owde t ai n a n d o r r

cause a misfi e r .

T h aw in g K e t t l e s
Many high ex plosives contai ning nit ogly ce i n f eeze and r r r

become insensitive i n cold weathe and whe n f oze n may bu n r, r r

instead f explode Bu ning dynamite gives ff fumes so poisonous

o . r o

that me n have bee n killed by it It is obvious the efo e that .

, r r ,

when dyn amite that f eezes is to be used i n low tempe atu es r r r

some p ovisio n must be made f thawing it and f k pi ng i t

r or or ee

th w d until it is loaded into the bore hole

a e As this dyn mite . a ,

R d C oss excepted f eezes at about 4 5 F 50 F the

° °
e r , r . or

th wi n g p oblem is a t oublesome
a r O wo k whe e these r o ne . n r r

ex plosives used i n la ge quantities thawing h

a re r , o use s
*
.
a re ne ce s

sa y ; but eve n the n the Thawing Kettle should be employed to

r

t ke the explosives f om the thawing house to the pl ce whe e

a r a r

they to be used i n o de to p event them f om becoming chilled

are , r r r r

or f oze n again If n ot mo e than two r th ee hund ed pounds f

r . r o r r o

ex plosives used at one time th ee fou l ge th wing ket tles

are , r or r ar a

S *
B kle
e e o urTh w i D
oo i e il ed ppl i i
t on a ng y na m t , ma on a ca t o n.

78
Kettles to heat the wate i n something else befo e filling the w te
r r a r

j cket T h e h o t w a t e r m u s t a l w a y s b e t es t e d b e f o r e
a .

f i l l i n g t he d y n a m i t e c o m p a rt m e n t I f i t i s ho t .
-

e n o u g h t o b u r n t he h a n d , d o n o t p u t t h e e x p l o s i v e s

i n t o t h e T ha w i n g K e t t l e N ever fi ll the wate r j a cket .

unless the ex plosives com p a rtment is em pty a nd see that the ,

ex plosives compa tment i pe fectly r s r dry befo e it is filled

r .

B ra df o rd Tha wi ng K ettl e

M e ’
in r s Tha wi ng K ttl e e C a ta s a uuq a Tha wi ng K tt l e e

Cp a a i
W e ght i
We ght of T ot a l Wt O u id e D i m e i
i E p W a t er i ed
.

ts n s on s
c ty m ty F ll

B ra d f
or d No 1 2 2 lb s 1 4 l bs 58 % l b s 9 4% l bs 16 x 21
f d
. . . . .

"
B ra d or No 2 60 20 1 10 1 90 21 x 21
C uu
.

82A
"
a t as a q a No 1 30 1 2% 40 14 x

C u' u
.

77 A
”
1 7A 1 7A
"
a t as a q a N o 2 60 1 55 x 21
ie
.

Mn r s 7 S V2 7 22 A x 9 x 1 2%

80
 T a m p in g B a gs

Tampi n g Bags of heavy pape r

are used i n many places as con

t i
a ne rs for tampi n g an d save time
and tr o u bl e whe n l o adi n g bo e r

holes pa ticula ly the pitchi n g ones

, r r

and the uppers “

.
"

They are also employed as

containe s f blasti n g powder whe n
r or

the mi ne blaste desi es to make

r or r r

up the cha ge i n cart idge form as

r r ,

is ge ne ally the custom when it is

r

used i n mi n es i n ope n work that

or

is damp .

Tampi n g Bags put up i n a re

bu ndles of 500 each and p acked

te n bundles to the bale They are .

Ta m pi n g B a g
manufactured the f ll w mg zes
in o o Si

ize e ippi
Sh ng We ght i
S No . No i n B a l
.

pe r B a l e

Tamping Bags are m de a pproximately 2 inches longe

a r

than shown i n the above table in o der to provide f folding at

, r or

the end when in use .

81
 B l a s t in g M a t s
Blasti n g Mats made of wove n ope Hem p is gene ally
a re r . r

used and is con side ed the best although steel wi e ope has bee n
r , r r

t ied The mats

r . made f I i n ch I inch I i n ch ope
are o , or r ,

acco di n g to the demands of the custome They

r n ot ca ied r
. a re rr

i n stock but wove n o n o de a n d made in any si z e equi ed

, a re r r a re r r .

If the blasti n g mats to cove light cha ges of explosives they

a re r r ,

may be sp ead n the ock di ectly ove the bo e holes ; but if

r o r r r r

heavie cha ges

r used ail oad ties logs should be put down
r a re , r r or

fi st a n d th mats o n top f them

r e This a angement is ve y
o . rr r

effective i n p eventing the ock f om being th ow n into the i and

r r r r a r

should always be adopted whe n blasting is done nea th gh r oro u f

fa es buildi n gs
r or .

82
 T h e A d v a n t a ge

of

St r o n g D e t o n a t o r s
T he A d v a nt a g e of St r o n g D e t o n at o r s

HEN
high explosives detonated the stronge a re , r

or sha per the mti l shock the quicker and mo e

r i a r

tho ough is the detonatio n f the ha ge It is a

r o c r .

well know n fact that ce tai n deton ati n g substan ces r

will exe t this e ffect mo e powe fully than othe s

r r r r .

To obtai n the full value f th explosive cha ge it o e r ,

should be deton ated as quickly a n d as completely as

possible If the deton ation is slow a n d i n complete
.
,

a g eate quantity f explosive is equi ed to do the same wo k

r r o r r r ,

a nd la ge volumes f poiso n ous ga ses

r evolved
o matte f a re —
a r o

se ious conseque n ce whe n the wo k is u nde g ound i n stan ces

r r r r ,

bein g k n own whe e wo kme n have bee n killed by gases give n

r r

off f om pa tially deton ated bu ni n g explosives Q

r r uick a n d or r .

complete deton ation esults i n a mi nimum f fl ame a poi nt f

r o , o

fi st impo ta n ce with those explosives i n te nded f use i n the

r r or

p esence of inflammable gas

r coal dust Elect ic fuzes or . r or

blasting caps too weak to deton ate a cha ge of high explosives r

f eque n tly ge ne ate s ffi cient heat to ignite it while slightly st onge
r r u , r r

ones may pa tially deton ate it S till st onge ones may cause
r . r r

complete detonation but with i n sufficient apidity to give best

, r

results .

The e ffect f a deton ato a ch ge f high explosives in

o r on ar o

a bo e hole is n t infinite but dec eases with distance It is

r o , r .
,

the efo e easy to u nde stan d the n e cessity for using deton ato s
r r , r r

sufficie n tly st o n g f the effect f the detonato itself to extend

r or o r

th oughout the cha ge It might be unde stood f om this that the

r r . r r

detonato should be located i n the ce nte f the cha ge ; this

r r o r

would be co ect had t n ume ous tests shown that the greatest
rr no r

effect of the detonato is str ight away f om its loaded end and
r a r

in a line wi th its long axis .

85
 deep bo e holes loaded with long cha ges whethe they
In r r , r

be fi ed with fuse and blasting caps r with elect ic fuzes it is

r o r ,

well to pl ce a blasting ap i n a ca t idge of the explosive at

a c r r ,

i n te vals f about 5 feet th oughout the cha ge so that thei effect

r o r r , r

will exte n d the enti e length f the cha ge It is also advi sable r o r .

to use two elect ic fuze s i n deep bo e holes so that if r should “

r , o ne

be defective the othe may be depended , f the i nitial r on or

deton ation A poi n t to be emembe ed i n buying detonato s is

. r r r

that the cha ge which they contai n is eadily affected by moistu e

r r r ,

a nd co n se q uently u n less sto age co n ditions f the best a fai

, r a re o , r

ma gi n f safety i n st ength should be allowed Blasting caps

r o r .
,

being ope n at one end mo e quickly weakened by dam pness , a re r

tha n elect ic fuzes

are r .

An othe st ong a gument f allowing a fai ma gin of safety

r r r or r r

whe n buying deton ato s is the ve y small cost f the deton ato r r o r

in comp ison with th t f the cha ge f explosives with which

ar a o r o

it is used It is diffi cult to unde stan d why a nyone i n o de to

. r , r r

save a few cents n the p ice f a hund ed deton ato s would isk o r o r r , r

the misfi e pa tial deton atio nr , impe fect wo k f the cha ge of

r or r r o r

ex plosives i n a bo e hole which esults at best i n the loss of seve al

r , r r

doll s and may cost thousands if it bu n s i n a gaseous coal mi ne or

ar r

if u nexploded dyn amite happe n s to cause a fatal accident afte wa d r r .

The following f om f u custome s who was d ivi n g r one o o r r r

a ail oad tunnel shows how tho oughl y those wh have used
r r r o

st on g detonato s ecognize thei value The 5X blasting cap

r r r r .

r efe ed to is n ow kn own as the Du Pont N o 5 and the N o

rr . .

3 0 S pecial is the p ese n t Du Pont N o 8 r . .

M t I I / 3 0/ 07 on a na , .

E 1 d P t d N m
. . u P wdon C e e ours o er o.

D Si I pl y t y
ea r q t f
r i f m tin re t th ffi i
o y o ur re ue s or n or a on a s o e e c e nc

o fy N 3 0 S p i l B l ti g C p 1
o ur o . bmi t th f ll wi g mp i
ec a as n a s, su e o o n co a r s on :

N 5X C p N 3 0 S pe i l C p o . a s o. c a a s

N o f h le
. o e e o s , a v r ag 34 hi f 25 pe r s t

N i k p wde h l e
o. st c s o r 1 2
pe r o 9
Mi u e b ef e f e w
n t s ble e u w k
or orc 15 as a 5t o r t rn t o or ,

W h hd g t e wi th
a ve y hl ia i g yr ea N 30
succe ss e ve r o e s n ce us n our o .

S p i l d th h i f t b
ec a , an t y t h i ti b t t h m
e s osse s , e c .
, a re ve r en u s as c a ou e .

86
 Strongelect ic fuzes and bl sting cap s should be used
r a

all high explosives :

Beca use they i nsure l
co m p e t e detona ti on .

Beca use t hey i ncrea se t he ex ecut on i o f

l
ex p os ve i .

Be ca use they t e nd t o co unt e r bala nce l

c a re e ss a n d
i m p rop er us a g e .

Beca use they o ffset , to som e ex t e nt , det e ri ora t i on

due to i m p rop er s tora ge .

Beca use they re duce fum es from the e x p os ve l i

to a m i ni m um .

Beca use they decrea se the i

s ze an d dura ti on o f
fl a m e .

Beca use they p reve nt the loss o f t he c ha rge by

burni n g .

Beca use thei r effe ct ca rr es i fa rther i n long cha rge s .

Beca use they re duce t he c ha nce s o f m i sfire .

 T h e E l e m e n t ar y

Pr in c ip l es o f El ec t r ic it y

AS AP P L I ED TO EL E CT RI C BL AS T I N G

So m e U f
se ul I n f orm at o n i as to M e t ho d s of Ui s ng , P res erv i ng and

T es t i ng t he B l ast i ng Eq ip m
u en t

From P RI N CI PLES OF ELE CTR I C B LAS TI N G , by W . G

. M D . .
 No 8 .

No 5. No 6. No 7 . No 8
.

D u P ont B l a s ti ng C
a ps an d V i ctor E l eti
c r c F uze s ( a ct u a l si ze )
 C HAPTER I

E l e m e n t a r y E l e c t r i c a l P r in c ip l e s
I Fig I is shown a n o dina y d y cell batte y wi th its
. In . r r r r ,

two bi nding posts r connecto s ( A B) These are c lled o r -

. a ,

r espectively the Positive an d N egative Poles

, .

If the poles onnected with a piece f wi e ( C) a n

a re c o r

elect ic cu e n t will fl ow th ough it i n the di ectio n i ndicated by the

r rr r , r

a ows a n d will con ti nue to fl ow un til the che micals

rr ,

a re exhausted .

2 S uch a wi e affo di n g a path f the

. r r
“
or cu r

r e n t f om the positive to the n egative pole f a bat

r o

t y is called a ci cuit
er The cu e n t only flows whe n
r . rr

the ci cuit is complete a n d a single b eak i n the

r , r

con ti nui ty of the wi e stops the flow of cu e n t r rr

throughout the e n ti e ci cuit r r .

The wi e comp isin g the ci cuit can be much

r r r

longe tha n shown i n Fig I eve n many miles i n

r .
—

le n gth a n d still the cu e n t will follow it th ough

—
rr r

out its e n ti e length so long as some sho te

r , r r or

easie path betwee n the two poles is n ot offe ed

r r .

F ig 1
If the wi e is cove ed with some i n sulating mate ial
r r r
.

like silk ubbe cotton so as to p eve n t the cu e n t f om escap

, r r or , r rr r

i n g f om it a nd followin g some sho te r easie cou se t he n the

r r r o r r ,

wi e may be woun d many times arou n d othe r objects

r make , or

a ny n umbe f bends and twis ts and still the cur e n t will follow
r o , r

it f om
r pole of the batte y to the othe with almost as much
one r r,

ease as it did the sho t piece of wi e i n Fig I r r . .

3 N ow how do w know that a cu ent is fl owing th ough

. , e rr r

the wire i n the manner desc ibed ? We kn ow it by i t fi t r s e ec s,

a n d a few f these effects which o of g eat imp o tan ce i n ,

a re r r

91
 un dersta nding blasti n g by elect icity will a n swe f the p ese n t r , r or r

conside ation r .

3 A Fi st if part f the ordi n a y thick -

. r , o r

pp wire used i n Fig I be e

c0 p laced by a ve
er y . r r

fi n e piece f wi e ( C Fig the fi n wi e o r

“
, e r

bei ng preferably f i on plati num r G m n o r , o er a

silver the n the diffi culty which the cu e n t has , rr

i n passi n g th ough this small piece of wire r as r , o ,

elect icia n s s y ove comi n g its resistan ce will r a ,

“
r ,

t a n sform pa t f the cu e nt into heat The fi ne

r r o rr .

wi e will become d hot a n d eve n melt if the r re ,

cu e n t is st ong This is the pri n ciple made u rr r . se

of i n fi ri n g elect ic fuzes A n other familiar p r . a

plicatio n is the i n candesce nt electri c light where ,

a fi n e ca bo n wi e i s fo ced to car y la ge r r r r a r
F ig 2
amoun t f cur ent a n d becomes so inte n sely
.

o r ,

w hite hot ( i n ca n desce n t) that it gives ut light o .

3 B S eco n d if wi e i n sulated with cotto n r silk be wou n d

-
.
, r o
*

m a ny times arou n d a b of ordi n ary soft iron ( Fig 3 page ar .

,

the e nds of the wire being connected with a battery so that the
curre n t will flow th ough it the i o n b r will be fou n d to become r , r a

powerfully magnetic As soon a the ci cuit is i t r pt d Tat . s r n er u e

a ny poin t whethe by removing , r both wires from the batte y

r one o r ,

o r breaking or cutti n g the wire a n ywhe e throughout its length r ,

nea ly all the magnetism }: imme diately depa ts f om the i on

r r r r .

N du h e ub
o n - co n e whi d ctors h el e i
a re u e t os s st a nc s ch o not c a rry t e ct r c c rr nt

C du h e ub e whi h y i e di ly p du h e w hi h
.

on ctors a re t os s st a nc s c c a rr t r a ; oor con ctors a re t os c

ca rry i b w i h d iffi ul y
t, ut S i ly pe k i t he e pe fe
c t du d tr ct s a ng , t r a re n o r ct n o n - co n ctors , a n no

pe fe du h e m e ie d u bje i ble
.

r b
ct c o n i m
cto rs ; d ut t e t r s are n co mo n u s e an are co nv n nt a n no ct on a

if i i b e i mi d h hey el i e Me l
t s o rn n n h be t at du t il e he d a re r at v ta s are t e st con ct o rs ; s v r a s

h li f l l wed u by ppe i i p l i u m le d m e u
.

t e st , o o in t rn A g h
co r, z n c, ro n , at n a rc ry , e tc . m on t e

be du
s t non - co n gl ubbe ul phu il k
ctors
p
a re ffi e i
as s ,u m e i l r r, s r, s c ot t on ,
, ,

ara n , t a r, r s no s a t r a s,

il W e ep e e i e f p du b i du i i y e ly
,

o s , e tc . at r i s a r r s nta t v o oo r co n c to rs , i t i ts co n ct v t is gr at in

e ed whe i u l u h h e l ikel b e de i ed f m k d ill i g

cr a s n var o s sa t s, s c as t os y to r v ro roc s in r n a re

d i l ed i A id l i e e h d u i i y f w e
,

s so v in t . c s a so ncr a s t e con ct v t o a t r.

TI e u p i g b e k i g nt rr i ui p i i efe ed b ele i i
t n or r a pe
n a c rc t a t an y o nt s r rr to y ctr c a ns a s o n

i g h i ui e bli hi h h u e l i h i ui
“ "
n t e c rc t; t e -
ps ta s ng i t . so t at t e c rr nt can a ss , as c os ng t e c rc t .

1 S f i e dil l e e l ll o t ei m
ro n r a h u e
y os sp dh n ar y a i ts m a gn t s a s s oon a s t e c rr nt s to s, a n t e

so f e h i h m e e dily i b e e dem e i ed l h u h i e e l e l l f i
t r t e ro n t e or r a t co m s a gn t z a t o g t n v r os s a o t
H d eel h e i e de l e i e b ee e i ze
.
,

f i h d
.

ar st
y on t m
e c o ntra r m r t a ns a gr at a o a gn t sm o nc t as n a gn t
hi i i l d epe d pe e e Th e i m l ef ele e
, , ,

an d on t s
pr nc p e n s a r m a n nt m ag n t e m a gn t s t i n an ctro m a gn t
f e h u e h e ed lled e idu l eim
.

a t r t e c rr nt as c a s i s ca r s a m a gn t s .

92
reve rs e i ts di r ecti on , so th t a the end which p ointed east befo e r

will n ow poi n t west .

4 The needle will also eve se its di ectio n if the wire C

I

. r r r ,

Fig 4 be moved f om its positionabove the needle to

.
, belowr o ne

it as shown by the dotted line I n othe wo ds the di ection f

, . r r , r o

the electric cu ent affects the di ect on which the magnetic rr r i in

needle is de fl ected ; and also de fl ects it w y whe n it p sses o ne a a

above the n eedle and i n the o pposite way when it passes below
it This fact enables us to ve y greatly inte n sify the actio n f the
. r o

cu e n t upon the magnetic rr

needle by putti n g a coil f , o

i n sulated wi e about the com r

pass as show n in Fig 5 With , . .

'
such a n a angement ll the
F ig 5
rr , a

st ands f wi e above the needle

r o ca rying th cu ent i n
r a re r e rr one .

di ection a n d al l those below i n the opposite directio n They

r .

all the efo e tend to defl ect the needle i n the s me manne and
, r r , a r,

the e ffect is ve y greatly mag nifi ed ; so much so that such a n

r ,

instrume n t indicates the passage f cu e n ts that too feeble to o rr a re

be detected by a ny other mean s It called a Galvanomete . is r.

5 P actical Magnet s The elect omagnet is much mo e

. r —
r r

p owe ful whe n i n stead of windi n g the wires o n a straight bar as in

r ,

Fig 3 page 93 the b is be n t U shape as show n i n Fig 6 A

.
, , ar , .
-
,

page 95 for i n this positio n both e nds ca n be made to act at once

,

upo n the same piece f i on a n d they can att act it with double o r , r ,

o r mo e tha n double fo ce
r It is also fou n d that the wi e i n the r . r

middle f the elect omagnet does n ot have as much of a n e ffect

o r

as that n ea the ends and for this reason the wi e is n ot gene ally
r , . r r

W ound th middle part but only

on n the ends
e as shown , o ,

i n Fig 6 B Again it is o di n arily advantageous f om the

. .
, r , r

manufactu ing stan dpoi n t; to make the iro n co e of a m ag net in

r r

sections afte wa ds f stening them together as shown i n Fig

, r r a , .

6 C The sections H I the n be wound with the wi e “

-
. ca n r ,

just like th ead is wound o n a s p ool securing g eat e ffi ciency

r , r

as well ease in manufacture ( Fig 6 D)

as .
-
.

94
 elect om gnets whe n f la ge siz e and ctu ted by
Such r a , o r a a

powe ful cu ents

r f t emendous powe and will lift masses
rr , a re o r r,

of iro n weighing tons .

6 If a piece f soft iron i e a n a m ture ( pa gr ph

. o , . .
, r a ra a

3 B page 92) be placed betwee n the poles f a conveniently

-
, o

F ig . 6

shaped magnet as shown i n Fig 7 the piece f soft iro n is also

, .
, o

caused to become magnetic N orth polari ty is induced i n the .

e n d nea r i n co n tact with the south pole an d vice ve sa If

r, o , , r .

the positio n f the a matu e is reve sed so that the e n d A is

o r r r ,
“ ”

n earest the south a n d B St the n orth pole of the magnet

, ,
“ ”
ne a re ,

the n the a matu e eve ses its pola ity as

r r r r r , so

to always p rese n t its south end to the n orth

end of the con trolling ( fi eld magnet This “
.

it does eve n though the eversal f e n ds is

, r o

very pid such as would esult f om fi xing

J
ra , r r a

shaft i n to the a matu e at and otati n g it

r r
“

,
"
r
7 F ig
r apidly i n the di ectio n show n by the a ows
r rr .
.

We have see n ( pa agraph 3 B page 92) how passi n g a n r -

,

electric curre nt th ough wi e wou n d upo n a soft iro n b ris capable

r r a

o f causi n g it to become magnetic The everse of this p oposition . r r ,

n amely the i nductio n f a n elect ic cu rent i n the wi e about a n

, o r r r

iro n b by causing the b to become magnetic is also t ue with

ar ar , r

certai n limitation s Take such a b wound with wi e ( A Fig

. ar r
“

, .

8 page 96) a n d co nn ect th ends f the wi e with a g lv nometer

, e o r a a

( the cons t ructio n f which is expl ined i n pa ag

o aph 4 page a r r ,

so th t w will know whe neve a current passes N ow cause

a e r .

the end f the bar to approach the live electromagnet B Fig

o , .

8 . All the time it is a p proaching B the galv nometer shows “

,
”
a

that a n elect ic current is passing Whe n the movement is

r .

stopped the current stop s

, .

95 .
 If the moveme n t be eve sed that is if the wi e wound bar r r , , r -

be moved away from the m gnet the g lv nomete will again a , a a r

s how that a curre n t is passin g but i n the pp i t di r ti on , o os e ec .

F ig . 8

The reaso n the cur ent is set up ( induced) i n the wi er r

a ound the i o n bar is because the iron b is caused to become

r r ar

magnetic as it approaches the live magnet ( pa ag aph 6 page r r ,

and loses this i nduced magnetism as it is withdraw n ; and

the e is a tr l l w th t ny h ng i th m gn ti
r na u a a a di ti n
a c a e n e a e c con o

of an ir n c owi l l i nd e n l e t i
ore r t i wi re
uc und i ta e c r c cu ren n a ro .

It may be a gued that the esult is n ot a n electri c cu rent

r r r ,

but a se ies f elect ic pulsation s That is perfectly t ue ; but if

r o r . r

the pulsation s r s fficie n tly fre q uent through apid rotatio n of

a e u , r

the a matu e shaft they produce similar enough effects to the

r r ,

steady fl ow f a battery cu e n t to be available for most purposes

o rr .

But the cur e n ts induced in the a matu e do mo e tha n

r r r r

pulsate I f the ends f the armatu e wire a connected with a

. o r re

galvanomete a n d the armatu e slowly revolved so that the move

r, r

me n ts f the n eedle ca n be watched the needle will be found

o ,

to swing first to the east the n to the west the n east the n west
, , ,

ag in changing directio n with each half revolutio n f the armature

a , o .

I f the e n d f the galvanomete n eedl should be equipped with a

o r e

F ig . 9

pe that it could make a mark a pape tape moved steadily

n, s o on r

beneath it by clockwo k the t acin g that would be obtained by

r , r

this expe iment would look like Fig 9

r . .

96
tape whe n it receives the cu ent from the dy n mo equi pped
, rr a

with the commutato is shown i n Fig I I r, . .

F ig . 1 1

The alte nating cu re n t would fi e elect ic fuzes as well as

r r r r

th di ect cu e n t ; but if it we e
e r t conve ted i n to a di ect
rr r no r r

curre n t as it is w would eithe have to energize the fi eld magnet

, e r

with a battery or u a permane n t magnet With the prese n t se .

a rra n geme n t w simply lead the rectifi ed cu re n t f om the

, e r r

a matu e th ough the wire n the fi eld magnet which is thus

r r r o ,

e ne gized by the cu re n t from its wn armature At the sta t

r r o . r ,

the ve y slight residual magn etism which is etai ned by the fi eld
r r

magn et ( see n ote It pa agraph 3 page 92) is sufficie nt to set

, r ,

up a feeble cu e n t i n the armatu e This i n tu n makes the fiel d

rr r . r

magnet stron ger an d the stronger fi eld magnet develops a stron ger
,

curre n t in the a matu e Thus the machi ne builds up as it is

r r .
“
,
”

called until after a few evolu tion s it is wo kin g at its full powe
, r r r
.

Y ou ca n notice this whe n you push down the ack bar of a r

“
push down blas ti ng machine The fi rst pa t of the stroke is . r

easy but after the armature has made a few evolutions it pushes
, r ,

quite hard because the magnet has become st on g a n d pulls back

, r

on the armatu e te ndi n g to resist r e fforts to tu n it

r , ou r .

The dyn amo just desc ibed which is used i n most America n r ,

blas ting machines is f the simplest and earliest fo ms f

, one o r o

dyn amo Those used for ge nerating powe ful currents f r

. r o

electri c lighting etc more complicated and more e ffi cient

, .
, a re ,

e lect ically than those made n this simple design ; that is if the
r o ,

blasting machine dy n amo were co n structed moder n prin ciples on ,

i t would take less power for the same output f current r give o o

greater output with the same amount f power whichever w y o , a

o n chooses to look at it But f the purposes to which a bl st

e . , or a

i n g machine is put co n side ations f simplicity outweigh this kind

, r o

o f e ff ciency Blasters would rather exert a little more muscle in

i .

o perating the blasti n g machine than pay for the increased cost
o f e p i s to a mo e moder n dynamo n ot t mention the inc eased
r a r r , o r

98
fi st cost Indeed it is doubtful if a mo e s tisfacto y blasting
r .
, r a r

machine could be e sonably asked f th n the ordina y push r a or a r

“

dow n blasting machine just as it is w made Ce tainly no

”
no . r

othe piece f elect ical machinery would stand the misuse to

r o r

which many f these blasti n g machi nes subjected i n p actice,

o are r

and ti l l ti t do good wo k d y afte day and yea afte

i

s co n nue o r , a r r r

yea as so many f them do i n s pite f it all

r, o o .

L t us n ow dissect a n o dina y
e p ush dow n blasting r r
“

machine as a so t of eview an d see h w these elect ical pn

, r r , o r n~

c i pl pply Fig I 2 is a th ee post blasting machine while Fig

es a . . r .

1 3 shows two post blas ti n g machi n e

a N ote the field magnets -

.
.

FIG 1 2 .
FIG JS

“
8 and 9 with
"
wi n ding f coa se wi e In both fi gu es o r r . r

the a matu e I 6 ca n be see n with its windi n g of fine wi e

r r
"
r r .

N ote the brushes bea ing the commutato just as r on r

al eady desc ibed and see whe e the e nds f the a matu e wi e
r r , r o r r r

a re solde ed each to its espect ive commutato section O the

r , r r . n

other side is the ack and pi nion ratchet movement by which the
r ,

downwa d th ust f the ack bar I impa ts ot y movement to

r r o r
“ ”
r r ar

the a matu e This is o simple that a nyone ca n see at a gl nce

r r . s a

how it wo ks a n d it n eed n ot be dealt with he e

r ,
r .

The e is one pa t of the blasting machine simple but f

r r , o

gr eat im p o tance which h not

r yet been taken,u p and t hat is as ,

99
the shu n t sometimes called the ci cuit b eake
, This is the r r r .

b ass tn 4 ( Figs I 2 and I 3) placed i n the bottom f

“ ”
r c on va nce . o

the box I t is eally n othi n g but a b ass sp ing which makes

. r r r

contact with the b idge 5 whe n i n its rm l positio n the , n or a ,

pa ts which come i n con tact bei n g cove ed with platinum so that

r r ,

they will remai n b ight and make a good elect ical co n nectio n
r r .

Th fu n ctio n f this shu n t is as follows The sp ing 4 “

e o : r ,

called the contact sp i n g is connected by mean s f a piece of

f

“
r , o

heavy coppe wi e to on f the bi n di n g posts 26 ep esent

r r e o ,
“
, r r

in g onepole of the dyn amo ; the b idge is connected with th other r e

bindi n g post rep esen ti n g the other pole f the dyn amo so that
, r o ,

whe n the contact sp i n g is up i n con tact with the bridge a sho t

r r ,

easy ci cuit called a shun t f p actically o resistan ce is offe ed

r
“

,
”
o r n , r

f the elect ic cu e n t to pass from

or r pole to the othe i n the
rr one r —

lan guage of the elect icia n the dynamo is sho t r , r

While the rack bar i s being pushed down the blasti n g machi ne ,

is building up the cu e n t gene ated passing ac oss the sh un t

“
, rr r r ,

so that by the time the ack bar is n ea the bottom f the stroke r r o

the dyn amo is wo king at its maximum Whe n the ack b

r . r ar

st ikes the contact sp ing howeve sepa atin g it from the b idge
r r , r, r r ,

the sho t circuit is b oke n a n d the cu ent

r f the dyn amo has
r , rr o

n w n
o o othe w y to pass f om r pole to the othe except by
a r o ne r

fl owing out through the elect ic fuze ci cuit which it does just at r r ,

the i n stan t whe n i t is at its maximum st e n gth The fi n platinum r . e

bridge wi e i n each elect ic fuz e heats up almost instan tly

r r
‘
,

c ausi n g them all to deto n ate at practically the same time .

We e it n ot f r the shu nt Ope ating as just desc ibed

r o , r r ,

cu e n t fr om the dyn amo wo ld begi n to fl ow th ough the elect ic

rr u r r

fuzes as soo n as w sta ted to push dow n the ack b e It r r ar .

would be a ve y weak cu e nt at fi st gradually

r m g W th rr r , i ncrea s i

the buildi n g up f the blasti n g machi n e S uch a cu rent is n ot

o . r

well adapted to fi e a n umbe f elect ic fuzes simultaneously

r r o r ,

because i t is impossible to make l l f exactly the same deg ee f a o r o

se n sitive ness and with the g adually inc easing cu re n t the mo e

, r r r , r

sensitive lect ric fuzes would fi e fi st b eaking the ci cuit and

e r r , r r

causing th less se n sitiv ones to miss By employing the shu nt

e e .
,

1 00
 CHA PTE R 2

E ff e c t iv e U s e of E l e c t r i c B la s t i n g
A pp ar a t u s
a nyon e ca n use elect ic blasting supplies
L MO ST r ,

d obtai n good esults me ely by following ge n

an r , r

e al inst uctions Howeve the k n owledge of the

r r . r, !

p i n ciples unde lyi n g thei action which will have

r r r ,

bee n gained by eadi n g the p evious chapte will r r r,

be a g eat aid i n obtai ni n g thei hi ghest possible

r r

effi cie n cy Again whe n the ma n who u n de .

, r

stands the p inciples e n cou n te s diffi culties he r r ,

knows how to overcome them while the man wh does n ot , o

u n derstand has to be helped t f his troubles ou o .

O wh knows the i n te nal co n st uction f the blasti n g

‘

ne o r r o

machine and has lea ned f om examination and study what a

, r r

nice piece f mecha nism it really is will generally take good ca e

o , r

of it Keeping it when n ot i n use i n a clean d y place is the

.
, , , r

fi st thing y u ca n do to help the blasting machine help you

r o .

Dow n i n a wet tunnel r mine is n t a good place to sto e such o o r

a n inst ument d if it must be used i n such places as is ofte n

r , an ,

the case and it cannot be take n to the su face betwee n times

,
“

( which is sometimes the case ) a w te tight closet box sho ld , a r or u

be built f it i n as good a location

or , be found R emembe a s ca n . r

that the case is only wood and i f t r t d with wate may , ,

‘

sa u a e r,

swell and put the inte nal parts t f adjustme n t O ccasion ally
'

r ou o .

rubbing a l i ttl oil p efe ably thick cylinde oil into the grain
e —
r r r —

of the wood will help it to esist the wate The best way to r r .

a pply the i l is by ubbing the box with a g easy g

o r r ra .

Whe n you use the blasting m chine try to find a clean a , ,

level place to st nd it such a d y plank so that the bottom

o n, as a r ,

will n ot be l l wet whe n y put it away afte using

a ou r .

1 03
 After th p i i pl of its Ope ation e tho oughly unde
r nc es r a re r r

stood the e ffi cie n cy f the blasti n g machine m y be kept up to

, o a

the m ximum by occasion l inspection and ca e f the inte nal

a , a r o r

pa ts although they
r , so const ucted as to seldom equi e much a re r r r

ca e r .

The fi st thing to be done in ca ing f the dy namo and

r r or

wo king p rts is occasional oiling And he e much judgment

r a . r

should be used f too much i l is wo se th n none at all The

, or o r a .

only places that n eed it the be ings f the a matu e shaft a re ar o r r

and f the a m tu e pinion The othe i on pa ts that can be

o r a r . r r r

r eached should be wiped ff with a greasy g to prevent them o ra

f om usting mo e pa ticula ly the faces f the a mature ( n ot the

r r , r r r o r

wi e) N i l h l d b u d
r . o or l l w d t c me i n
s ou t t e se on, o a o e o o con a c

wi th th b u he
, nd mm t t
e r n r wi th the
s nt s t p i ng
a co u a or, o co ac s r

nd i t nt tp i t F o this eason the amount f i l used

‘

a s co ac o n s . r r , o o

i n any p t f the blasting machine should be small

ar o it will , or

afterwa ds fl ow ove places where it is n ot wanted This is

r r .

especially the c se with the ack b T much il he e will

a r ar . oo o r

inevit bly fl ow down upo n the contact sp ing and its contact
a r

points and c use a poo elect ical connectio n with the b idge
, a r r r .

I n fact a poor electri cal connection at this p m t on e f the

, o is o

most common causes f the poo wo k d erratic behavior o r r an

o f the bl sting machine Wiping ff the rack b and guide

a . o ar

ro d with a g e sy g will give them all the

r a lub icatio n they ra r

r equi e r .

The f iction incident to ordi n a y usage will generally be

r r

su fficient to kee p the su faces b ight whe e the b ushes bea u p o n r r r r r

the commutato u l some misguided pe son has oiled them r, n ess r .

I n that case the i l should be emoved as well as possible by

, o r

tho ough cleaning with a g satu ated with gasoline If the

r ra r .

b ushes seem to be too a pidly wea ing into the commutator so

“

r r r ,

that they absolutely dem nd some kind f lub icant use a little a o r ,

g aphite taken f om a soft lead pe n cil Afte emoving the il

r r . r r o

by the use f gasoline be su e th t all the gasoline and its v p o

o , r a a r

a re o u t f the b befo e closing it up r the v po may a fte

o ox r , o a r r

wa ds ignite and blow the box pa t

r a r .

1 04
 It is much easie to con nect togethe wi es f the same siz
r r r o e

th n whe e the sizes di ffer such as joi ning the leadi n g and elect ic
a r , r

fuze wi es togethe F this pu pose a joint like that shown i n

r r . or r ,

F ig . 1 8

Fi g 2 1. is good the sp ing f the thick wi e keepi n g up a ten sion

, r o r

o n the small wi e and causing it to make a good co n tact

r , I t is .

di ffi cult to make a nice joi n t under such ci cumstan ces but it r , ca n

be made good elect ically if the wi es fi st tho oughly cleaned

J
r r a re r r .

oints i n the leading wi e whe n they must be made should r , ,

be made with special ca e Those i n the connecting a n d elect ic r . r

fuze wi es as a rule only have to do se vice f r a few m nutes

r , , r o i

or hou s ; but those i n th leadi n g wi e will be the e whil the

r e r r e

leadi ng wi e lasts and if poo ly made will give t ouble long afte
r , r r r

thei locatio n is fo gotten Fig 1 7 page 1 05 shows how such

r r . .
, ,

joints should be made The method is just the same as that .

recommended for the elect ic fuze wires only these joi n ts should r ,

be about 2 3 inches i n length

or I t p y to have joints i n . a s

the leading wi e l d r d S ome of the most peculiar and e atic

r so e e . rr

t ouble s
r due to defective joi n ts i n the leading wi e which
a re r ,

Fig . 21

wo ked satisfacto ily f r a n umbe f shots but afterwa ds became

r r o r o , r

bad th ough co osion having fo med betwee n the contact su faces

r rr r r .

The elect ical con ditio n of such a j m t is liable to change the

r o on

slightest movement of the wi e good one minute and bad the n ext r , ,

an d f that eason maki n g a t ouble di fficult to locate

or r r .

1 06
 cou se whe eve a joint h bee n made t h wi e will be
Of r , r r as e r

bare f insulation at that point and the q uestion is ofte n asked

o ,

whethe i n such cas s it is always necessa y to u insul ting

r, e , r se a

tape f covering th ba e places Whe e these joints

or e r n the . r a re i

leading Wi re and especially where they

, i n lect ic fuze a re e r or

c o nn ecti n g wi e which is to be i n side

r f the bo e hole and cove ed o r r

with tampi n g they should be taped, I f the joi nts r n ot to g . a e o

un de g ou n d it is n ot absolutely n ecessa y to tape them a n d it

r r , r ,

will be suffi cie n t if they elevated a n d kept ff the g oun d o a re o r , r

from touching a nything by placi ng blocks f wood un der the wi e

J
, o r

nea the joi nt oi nt i n th leadi n g wi e ca n be t eated i n thi

r . s e r r s

w y l
a thus avoidi n g the n ecessity f taping them ; but it is a
a so, o

n uisance t have to go all over the li n e blocki n g up ba e places

o r

befo e a blast whe n the whole troubl co uld be avoided by a few

r , e

tu n s of i n sula ti n g tape
r In fact a well made soldered a n d taped
. , ,

joint puts the leadi n g wi e i n almost as good conditio n s whe n r a

n ew while a few q uestio n able joi n ts

, su e at s ome time to be are r

a sourc f a n noyan ce delay a n d dange I t i s best not to

e o , r.

have any mo joi n ts i n the ci cuit than absolutely necessa y

J
re r a re r .

oi n t s a especially objection abl e whe n they have to be lowe ed

re r

into the bo e hole because the elect ic fuze wi es are t o sho t

r r r o r .

The electric fuze wires ught to be lon g e n ough to preve n t o

the necessity f making this kind f joints I t i s eve n bette to

o o . r

have them l g e n ough to connect di ectly with the wi e of the

on r r

elect i c fuze i n the adjoi ning bo e hole thus avoidi n g the use of
r r ,

connecting wi e as well as saving time But whe n y do e q ui e

r . ou r r
’
con necti n g wi e d n t u e ol d l t i f u wi e that is full f
r , o s e ec r c z e r o

joi n ts a n d b uises from havi n g already bee n th ough a blast U

r r . se

n ew co nnecting wi e The e f ld damaged elect ic fuze

r . us o o , r or

con necting wi e is the wo st kind f false eco n omy N o p

r r o . ex e

i
r e n ce d co n t actor n eeds to be told how expe n siv it is to have a
r e

long period f delay afte the me n have bee n o dered away f om

o r r r

th wo k while the blaste pokes around looking f

e r , the e son r , or
“
r a

why th shot did n ot go o ff all me n ho ses an d machi n e y ”

e , , r r

idle mea n whi le .

1 07
 P eparing the p ime is e lly one of the most imp o tant ste p s
r r r r a r

i n all blasting ope ations And yet h w f equen tly w fi nd this

r .
, o r e

wo k e n t usted to
r r of the least skilled amon g the wo kmen
o ne r .

It ought to be done i n the safest suitable place that ca n be found ,

an d it should also be done i n the manne which is calculated to r

secu e the best esults Yet both f these con side ations
r r . o r a re

freq uen tly violated an d the p iming is done in the thawing house
, r

or m agazin e whe e a n accident l explosion would be ce tai n t

r a r o

cause widesp ead disaster and is also done i n a manne just the
r , r

op p osite to that ecommended by the manufactu e s f explosives

r r r o

and blasting supplies .

The most common way of maki n g a p ime is that shown r r

i n Fig 24 That is the elect ic fuz e is inserted

. .
, r

i n to some pa t f th cart idge of dy namite and r o e r

kept f om pulling t by taking r mo e half ou on e or r

hitches a ound the ca t idge But this is n t the

r r r . o

method ecommen ded by the ma n ufactu ers O

r r . ne

trouble with this method is that all the st ai n comes r

at the two p oi n ts ma ked A whe e n f the two r

“

,
”
r o e o

wi es be n ds sha ply a ound the othe Should the

r r r r.

st ai n be seve e enough to cause the wires to cut

r r

th ough the i n sul atio n at this point it will fu n ish the

.

r , r

sho te or easie path f the cu e n t refe ed to

r r r or rr
”
rr

i n paragraph 2 page 9 1 and the cu e n t will , , rr

escape across the sho t ci cuit without goin g r r ,

th ough the elect c fuze c usin g th t pa ticular

r ri , a a r

bo e hol to miss r e .

In spite f the ecomme ndations f the man u o r o

f t howeve it is ve y seldom one fin ds a

a c urers , r, r
F ig .

blaste making p ime s in the ight way ( see Fig 25

24
r r r r .
,

page the eason gene ally give n bei n g that it is t much

r r
“
oo

trouble to hunt up st ings and ti them Of all o p e ation s r e . r

whe esults justi fy a littl ext a trouble n one ca n exceed i n

re r e r ,

impo ta n ce th maki n g of the p imer for upon this de p en ds the

r e r ,

success f the e n tir blast O f cou se it takes a littl e longe

o e . r , r

to make primers i n th p ope w y tha n it does by th half hitch

e r r a e

1 08
 Afte the prime s made they should be kept i n a box
r r a re , ,

e q uipped with a tight fitting hinged cover to p eve n t the possible r

ent nce f s p a ks This box should be ke p t until the prime s

ra o r .
, r

a re requi ed i n the p iming house at a tempe ature f between

r , r , r o

70 F and 8 0 F so that they will not become froz e n r chilled

°
.
°
o .

The pri m e r es peci a l ly m us t be we l l tha we d , an d i n the bes t

o If the bore holes are wet it is well to seal
p ss i bl e con di ti on .
,

up the place whe e the deton ato has bee n inse ted i n the ca t idge
r
'
r r r r

by me n s of so p t r some othe wate p oofing material

a a , ar o r r r ,

since if the explosive immediately su rounding the detonator is

, r

impai ed i n any w y it is likely t cause a failu e infe io work

r a , o r or r r

o f the en tire blast .

O nce the loading h comme n ced blast should be loaded as , a

a n d fired a expeditiously as possible Many things m y happe n

s . a

to detract f om the e fficie n cy of a cha ge after it is loaded and

r r ,

the chances inc ease with every minute that el pses betwee n r a

loading and fi ing The dy namite m y f eeze if the ock r

r . a r r o

g ound is cold enough wate may wo k its way into the elect ic
r , r r r

fuzes and the insulatio n the wires may be affected by moistu e

, on r ,

so that the leakage of current will cause one r more charges to o

miss .

The blasting m chine should always be operated with as a

much force as the ope ato ca n exert Try especially to finish r r .

the last pa t f the st oke with your full powe f r whe n the
r o r r, o

rack bar nears the e n d f the stroke it will p ush quite h rd tend o a ,

i n g to check the moveme nt and yet the end f the stroke is the , o

most im p ortant f all It takes a man with conside ble st ength

o . ra r ,

and with some skill to get the full force t f a la ge bl sting ou o r a

machine .

It is f course obvious th t n o more current is requi ed to

, o , a r

fire stronge elect i fuzes tha n weaker ones Those with very
r r c .

long wi es however do requi e more current f the sm ll copper

r , , r , or a

wi e which is used has some resistance A n electric fuze with

r .

26 foot wi es would take about twice r strong a current to fire as

it as it would if the cu rent could be delivered close to the fuze r

ca p instead f having to go through the 26 foot wi es

, o r .

1 10
 Many ca eful blasters h ve l g wished for some mean s to
r a on

gu rd gainst mi fir by which the blasting m chine an d th

a a s es a e

individual electric fuzes could be tested before attempti n g to use ,

them If they could always be used just as they come f om the

. r

factory without being subjected to the u n favorable condition s

,

they so ofte n meet with i n t an sportatio n and sto age it is probable

r r ,

that there would be little need for testi n g because eve y m f r a nu a c

turer carefully tests hi goods before sendi n g them t The

s ou .

Du Po n t Company tests them twice Elect ic Fuzes especially . r a re

liable to damage duri n g transportation d sto age and particularly an r ,

so if they stored i n a damp pl ce

a re a .

The Du Pont R heostat ( see page 55) should be used i n

testing blasting machines and f testing electric fuzes and the
, or

bl sting circuit the Du Pont G lvanometer ( see page 4 3) is

a a

recommended .

A test with almost a ny kind of testi n g instrument would be

sufficient to reveal the p esence f a broken b idge in a n electric
r o r

fuze ( see illust ation p ge r which is indeed the most usual

, a

defect But it will n ot reveal those elect ic fuzes which are

. r

defective through a sho t circuit such as whe e the electric fuze

r , r

wi es r not insulated from each other withi n the electric fuze

r a e

cap r have accidentally come into contact afte having bee n

, o r

manufactu ed I n such cases they would fail to fi r f course

r .
, e, o ,

because the current would follow the short ci cuit a n d n ot go r

through the bridge T identi fy elect ic f zes defective from this

. o r u

cause it is necessary to have some form f instrument which will

, o

show at least app oximately the electrical esistance The Du

r r .

Pon t Galvanomete can be used f this if ve y carefully obse ved

r or r r ,

but a Wheatstone bridge is better .

When testing elect c fuzes they should alw y s be pl ced

ri , a a

i n such a p osition that if f them should happen to deto n ate

o ne o

accidentally n o one will be inju ed Placing them a ound the r . r

corner of a stone wall is a n e sy and safe way or if there a , , a re

but a few of them the y can be buried under foot f dry sand
, a o .

If there r many so that the total amount of fulmin te is

a e , id a c on s
e ra the p articles of s nd themselves would become projectiles
bl e , a

capable f injuring a nyone near by

o .

Of course there are occasions as for inst n ce whe n there

, , a

h bee n a misfi re a n d it is necessa y to locate the t ouble whe n

as r r ,

some isk must be taken even to making use f the galva n ometer
r , o

i n testing electri c fuzes that loaded in bo e holes with ex plosives a re r ,

an d often i n such locations where the firi ng f the cha ge during o r

the test would be dis strous to the tester But unde such condi
a . r

tions the very emote dange of the test repl ces much g eater
, r r a a r

dan ge which al ways exists whe neve a blast mis fires a n d the
r, r ,

bl aste is hun tin g about f the reaso n why U nder such

r or .

circumstan ces there is n o doubt that a g eat saving i n the total

, r

amou n t of risk esults f om locatin g the trouble With accuracy

r r

a n d cele ity eve n though the e be a emote isk i n the test itself
r , r r r .

But the chan ces f fi i ng a n elect ic fuze while testi n g

o r r a re
'

thousan ds f times g eate whe n a n o din a y se ies magneto

o r r r r r

telephone bell r othe u n suitable i n strume n t is used

o r .

S eve al pe so n s have bee n badly injured i n this w y because

r r a

they n t only made e f a n imp oper testing i n strume n t but

o us o r ,

n eglected to place the electric fuze i n a safe location It is .

r ema kable what exte n sive damage the fl yi n g pa ticles of coppe

r r r

f om
r f these elect ic fuzes
o ne o c pable f doi n g r a re a o .

The cu e n t f om a magneto bell is of too small a volume to

rr r

fi e a n elect ric fuze by heating its b idge but it is f suffi cie n t

r r , o

i n te n sity to jump across small gaps such s would esult if a n , a r

elect ric fuze had a b oke n bridge a nd the broke n e n ds werer ,

ve y close to each other When the cur e n t jumps across such

r . r

a gap a spark is p oduced which is ofte n sufficie nt to ign ite the

,
r

fulminate An othe Wy i n which a n elect ic fuze might become

. r a r

se n sitive to the cu ent f om a mag neto bell is by th f m ti

rr r e
‘

or a on

of corrosio n betwee n the e n ds f a break such as Whe e o , r ,

through the e n trance f moisture the copper Wire had corroded

o ,

off the plati num bridge at of the solde ed joints Should o ne r .

th electric fuze subseque n tly d y

e t it may show a esista nce r ou , r

several hundred times greater th n n o mal a nd would be a r ,

ve ry likely t fi re with the curre n t from a magneto bell while

o

112
P r e c a u t i o n s t o b e O b s e r v e d in G e n e r al
W i t h R e ga r d t o E x p l o s iv e s
'
DON T f get th n tu e f expl i ve b t em emb e th t wi th
or e a r o os s, u r r a

p p e e t h ey
ro r car b e h ndle d wi th mp ti e fe ty
ca n a co a ra v sa .

'
DON T m k e W hi le y
’
s o h ndli n g expl i ve
ou d DON T
are a os s, an

h ndle expl i ve ne r Op en li g h t
a os s a an .

DON T h t i nt expl i ve wi th i fl e pi t l ei th e i
’
s oo o os s t f a r or s o , r n or ou o

m g i ne
a a az .

DON T le ve expl i ve i a fi e ld
’
a os
y pl
s ce W nh e e t c k or a n a r s o ca n

g t t teh e m a C tt l e l i k e th
. t t e f da d l tp e t e i e as o so a an sa r n

expl i ve b t th th e i n g e d i ent w uld p b bly m ke

os s, u e o r r s o ro a a

th e m i k ki ll them
s c or .

'
DON T h ndl e to e expl i ve i r ne
a or s r e i d en e os s n o ar a r s c .

'
DON T le ve expl i e i w t d m p pl e Th ey h ld be
a os v s n a e or a ac . s ou

k ept i ui t bl e d y pl e u d e l k d k ey d
n a s a , r ac , n r oc an , an

wh e e h i ld en r i e p n i bl e p e n
c r ornn t g t t them
rr s o s rso s ca o e a .

DON T expl d e h g e t ch m b e b e h l e d then i mm e

’
o a c ar o a r a or o an

d i t ly e l d i t
a e r th b e h l e w i ll b e h t
oa , as d th e or o o , an e

e nd ch ge m y expl d e p em tu e ly
s co ar a o r a r .

'
DO N T d t mpi ng wi th i n
o a t ee l b t l U nly
ro or s a rs or oo s . se o a

w d en t m pi n g ti k wi th
oo a met l p t s c no a ar s .

DON T f ’
p i m e i nt b e h l e
orce a r r o a or o .

'
DON T expl d e h g e b e f e e e y ne i w e ll beyond th
o a c ar or v r o s e

d ng e z e d p t e te d f m fl yi ng d e b i P te t
a r on an ro c ro r s .
~
ro c

y u upply f expl i ve l f m d ng e f m thi u e

o r s o os s a so ro a r ro s so rc .

'
DON T hu y i eeki ng expl n ti n f th f i lu e f ch g e
rr n s an a a o or e a r o a ar

t expl d eo o .

DON T d i ll b e pi k t h g e whi h h f i le d t expl d e

’
r , or or c ou a c ar c as a o o .

D i ll d h g e n the b e h l e t le t tw feet f m
r an c ar a o r or o a as o ro

th m i e d e ss one .

1 14
DO N ' ki n d
e i th m e b e h le exce pt f expl
T u se two s o os v i s n e sa or o ,

wh e e i ed p i m e t d e t n t e th t h e
w h e e dyn m i t e i u e d t d e t n te J
r o ne s us as a r r o o a e o r, as

r a ud n p wd e Th e s s o o a so o r .

q u i k e ex pl
c i ve mr y p e k i th
os k d ll w a o n c ra c s n e roc an a o

th l we t bl w t th ugh th e e
e s o r o k d i n g l i t tl e r
o ou ro s c ra c s, o o

w k
no or .

'
DON T bl ti ng p wd e permi i bl e expl i ve r hi g h pl
use as o r, ss os s o ex os

i e i th
v s m e b e h le i
n l m i ne
e sa or o n coa s.

DON T ’
fr zen
use hi lle d expl i ve Dyn mi te th e th n
o or c os s . a , o r a

Re d Cr ft en f eeze t tempe tu e b tween 4 5 F

oss , o r s a a ra r e
°
.

an d 50 F °
.

'
DON T use ng ement f th wi ng dyn mi te the th n
a ny a rra or a a o r a o ne

f th e e mmen d e d by th D U PON T C OM PA N Y
o os r co e

'
DO N T th w dyn mi te on h e te d t ve
a a k b i k me t l r a s o s , roc s, r c s or a o
'
,

i n an ven d d n t th w dyn mi te i f nt f ne r
o , an o a a n ro o , ar o

e ste m b i le fi f y ki n d
ov r a a o r or re o an .

'
DON T t ke dyn mi te i nt r ne
a abl k mi th h p r ne a o o ar a ac s s o o ar

f g e Open w k
or on or .

DON T p t dyn mi te
’
u h e lve r nyt hi ng e l e d i e tly o e
a on s s o a s r c v r

te m
s h t w te p i p e
a or th e h e t e d m e t l u f
o a e r s or o r a a s r ac .

'
DON T t b e k dyn mi te c rt i d ge whi l e i t i f zen d
cu or r a a a a r s ro an
'
,

d nt b o tri d g e f dy
ru mi t e i th h n d t
a ca r m pl e te o na n e a s o co

th wi n ga .

DON T h e t th wi ng h u e wi th pi pe nt i ni ng te m und e
’
a a a o s s co a s a r

p e ue r ss r .

'
DON T pl e h t w te th w e ve fi
ac a o d neve p t dyn m te
a r a ro r a re , a n r u a i

i nt h t w t e
o ll w i t t m e i nt ct wi th te m
o a r or a o o co n co a s a .

'
DON T ll w th we d d yn mi te t em i n exp e d t l w tempe
a o a a o r a os o o r

tu e b t
a r , n p i bl e
u u s e a s soo as oss .

'
DON T ll w p i mi ng ( th pl i ng f bl ting p e l e t i f ze
r
a o e ac o a as ca or c r c u

i dyn mi te ) t b e d ne i
n a t h wi n g h u e o o n a a o s .

DON T p i me dyn m i te t i d g e h g e
’
r a nne t b e h le
a ca r r or c ar o r co c or o s

f e l e t i fi i n g d i n g th i mm e d i t e pp
or c r c r h p ge ur e a a ro a c or ro r ss

f t hun d e t m
o a r s or .

1 15
 c y bl
a rr n p e l e t i f uz e i y u p k e t
a st i g ca s or c r c s n o r oc .

t p a t h e wi e i nve ti g te
or o bl ti ng p e le t i fuze
r s s a a as ca or c r c .

t te mp t t
a t k e bl ti n g o p f m th b by i n e ti ng
a as ca s ro e ox s r a

wi e n i l r , th e
a h p i n t ument
or o r s ar s r .

t y t w i thd w th w i e f m
r o ra e l e t i f uz e e r s ro an c r c .

f ten bl ti ng p t th fe ty fu e wi th th tee th by
as a as ca o e sa s e or

fl tteni n g i t wi th kni fe ;
a p i m p e a u s e a ca cr r .

DON T keep e le t i fuze bl ti ng m hi ne

’
c r c bl ti ng p i
s, as ac s or as ca s n a

d m p pl ce
a a .

'
DON T ttem p t t
a e l e tri fuze wi th th e gul i n u l ti n i
o u se c c s e r ar s a o n

e y W t w k F t hi pu p e secu e V i t W te
v r e or . or s r os r
“
c or a r

P froo C t t Pe h C e e d E l e tri Fu ze
or u a rc a ov r c c s .

'
DON T w y l ng W i th l d b k en l e d i ng W i e
o rr a o nne ti ng
o , ro a r o r co c

Wi e w u pply w n t t mu h d wi ll p y f
’
A r . ne s o co s c an a or

i t e lf m ny t i m e
s a e s ov r .

'
DON T h ndl e fe ty fu e e le ly i ld w e the f w h en ld
a sa s ca r ss n co a r, or co

i t i ti ff s s d b re k e i lyan a s as .

'
DON T t e t p t bl ti n g p
s or e le t i fuze w i th hi g h or
or ra n s or as ca s c r c s

expl ve os i s .

DON T t e fe ty f e i
’
s or sa h t pl e th i
us m y d y it nt a o ac , as s a r ou so

t h t un a i l i n g wi ll b e k i t
co r a .

DON T l e fe ty fu e th u gh dyn m i te t i d g e Thi p ti e

’
ac sa s ro a ca r r s . s ra c c

i f e q uen tly e p n i bl e f th b u ni n g f th h g e
s r r s o s or e r o e c ar .

'
DON T p e te bl ti ng m hi e h lf h e te dly They bui lt
o ra as ac n s a ar . a re

t obe pe te d W i th fu ll f e They mu t b e k ept l e n

o ra o rc . s c a

an d d ry .

DON T ’
cu t t he sa fe ty f e h us s ort to sav e ti m e . It i s a d nge u
a ro s

e n my co o .

'
DON T expe t h e p ti l e t g i e g d e u l t hi g h
c a c a ar c o v as oo r s s as a

g d e ra o ne .

'
DON T expe t expl i e t d g d w k i f y t y t expl d e os v s o o oo or ou
c r o o

t h e m wi t h d e t n t w e k e th n N 6 ( d l b e l)
a o a or a r a a o . re a .

1 16
 na m i te

F or Y ou r Work
I t is of vit l impo tance to every consumer
a r

that he use the p rticular kind and gr ade that will

a

greatest output at the lowest cost and wi th the

cent ge of s fety
a a .

When y ou us e

y n a mite
Y ou k you
no are
w using the best explosive of its class
the lo gical result f pure materials p to date methods and
o , u - -

’
skilled labor combi ned with over a century s experience i n the
,

explosive busi n ess The dyn amite that is sure to give maximum
.

results at a minimum expe n se .

The advice f r corps f technic l ex pert s is at you

o ou o a r

s e vice Without cha ge to assist you in determining the

r r best
dyn amite for y W ork ou r .

The HI GH E X P L OSI V E S CA TAL OGU E i s s ued by ,

thi s Compa ny as a compa n i on to the B LAS TI N G S U P P LI E S

CA TAL OGU E g i ves the f u l l es t i nf orm a ti on a bou t the va ri ous

i

cl a s s es of Hi g h E x p l os i ves a nd the i r us e u n de r a l l s orts of

con di ti ons . I t is a l
ve ry comp ete a n d up -
to da te
-
ha n dbook on

the bj ect of Hi g h E x pl os i ves a nd s ho u l d be i n the ha nds of

su ,

e ve ry one i n te r es te d i n thei r pu rcha s e or us e Wi l l be s en t .

f r ee on req ues t .

1 18
 ’
TH T OF OVERACENTURY S EXPERI ENCE
ERESUL

incorp oration f high grade materials by the most

Scienti fi c o

modern methods a n d expert workma n ship all backed by r , ou

long ex perie n ce insure f users f

, or Blasting Powder
o

MAXI MU M STR ENGTH

M I N I MU M S M O K E

Made in two g ades with to t al of fifteen different gr

r , a a un

l ti
a o ns ,thus offering a choice amply Wide f eve y requirementor r .

’
I f you e a user of Blasting Powder you should have r
r , ou

Blasting Powde Cat logue a p ctical handbook the subject

r a , ra on .

Sent free on equest r .

1 19
 '
T HE CH EA P E S T F AR M HE LP I N T HE W O RLD

y na m i te
W I L L

Dig Ditches D in Swam p s

ra Fel l Trees
Break Hard P a n and Subsoil

Dig Holes for Bl st Stump s

a

Trees nd Posts
a d Boulders
an

Split Log
s Star t Log
for R a ls and
i

I am 5 an d
Cord Wood
Ice Go rges
Clear Streams f o

all O bs truction s Grade R o a ds

Excavate fo r Found tions Cell rs

a , a an d Flood Ga tes

Ou r F a r m i ng wi th D y na m i te
‘
$ oo kl et wi l l be s en t f r ee on r eq u es t

1 20
 ea rn

0 0 i n
AN ALL YEAR
ROU N D SPO R T

Closely p allels actual hun ting condi tions

ar .

The ope n air the sudden swift fl ight of the bird the
—
,
—

oppo tunity f quick ccurate shooting all combine to m ke

r or , a —
a

t p shooting
ra

s ci na ti ng an

Q uickly develo p s the new shoote into skilled shot r a

bec use of the opp o tunity f regula and con tinuous p ctice
a r or r ra

under f vorable condi tions d ple sant su roundings

a an a r .

Tra p shooting kee p s th ld hunter f om getting rusty e o r

between game se sons The cl y pigeons fly every d y in

a . a a

the y e r a

J
.

’
o n i y o u r lo cal gun club If there s none . nea r by ,

s ta rt a g u n club We w ill help

. .

Ou r Gu n Cl u b B ook l e t l
ex p a i ns how to g o a bo u t org a n

i z i ng a c u l b the, l
r u es o f the g a m e, e tc . Wri te f or i t . Ii
’
s f r ee .

1 22
 P OR TI N G O WD E R S
MAKE AND BREAK RECORDS
AT THE TRA PS
an d a re U ne q ualed i n the Fi eld

Du Pont Smokeless Sp orting Powde s r a re chemic ll y p u re

a

and will n ot pit the gun b rrels a .

BAA E
’
os us r s uoxr uas s m oan

M
E P P IRE
A
O O
ER F E C T
BU LK SM KELESS P WDER

Bl ck
a Spo rting Po w ders unequ led a fo r Shot Gun and
R i fles
.

Pe fection Sp orting Powders only obtained by the

r in is

employment f the most skillful wo kmen the operatio n f the

o r , o

most improved m chine y and the exe cise f the m ost scru pulous
a r r o

c e i n the selectio n and pre p ar tion f raw m teri l

ar a o a a .

D P t Sp orting Powders are full y gua anteed by the

u on r

Pionee Powder M kers f Ameri c

r a o a .

SP OR TI N G 73 0 WD E R L I TE R A TU R E S E N T ON QE QU ES T
1 23
 W I TH R IF E L OR R EV OLV ER

On ly Thr e e Thi n g s Ar e Ne c e s s a r y

fl Good R ifle R l e
‘
or e vo v r

The best is the cheapest . U se a n a rm whose m ke a r ha s a

re p ut tion to susta n
a i .

fl R e l i a bl e P owde r
(

B ands f Smokeless Powders

r o the ultimate esult a re r

of combi ning pure mate ials moder n methods a n d skilled labo

r , r,

with a n experie n ce i n powde making exte nding ove a centu y

r r r .

They re as n earl y 1 00% perfect as huma n skill

a m ke them can a .

A P l a ce
(
to
(
P ra c ti ce

N early all the states will gladly allow Civilia n Rifle Clubs
to shoot on S tate R anges Write us f r informati on how to fo m
. o r

a Civilian Rifle Club .

i f for any reaso n a state range is n t available w hy not o ,

have a range f your w ? We will gladly furnish wi thout

o o n ,

ch rge blue prints f indoor r outdoor nges

a , or o ra .

We ma k e a Sm okel ess P owder especi a l ly

fi tted to m eet e ve ry ri fl
e or l
revo ver n ee d

O ut R ifle Smokeless C t logue is yours for the king

a a as

1 24
 s 0 nt s

The use f st ictly high g ade ingredients exclusively

o r r ,

cou p led with a n expe ie n ce f ove thirty years i n the

r o r

man uf ctu e of Pyroxylin e n ables us to offer

a r ,

AMYL ACETAT E
R EFI N ED F U SEL O IL
ET HER U S P f I S9O , . . . o

B R O N Z I NG L I QU I DS
GAS MA N TLE DIPS

Py oxylin solutio n s f all st e n gths f use i n Patent

r , o r , or

Leathe Work and as the base f lacq ue s and en mels

r o r a .

Split leather solutions f u i n finishi n g le ther s plits

, or se a .

OF HIGH STABILITY AND UNIFORM VISC

OSITY

We have th ee plants v ilable f r ma n ufactu re f

r , a a o o

Pyroxylin thus i n su ing conti n ity f supply O r large corps

, r u o . u

of chemists is co n stantly expe imenting along improveme n t a n d

r

ori gi
na l lines P obably w
. r h l p in some f your problems
e ca n e o .

Correspondence solici ted

International Smokeless Powder C
hemi cal C
ompany

WI L M I NGT O N , D E LAWAR E

1 26