NAME: Denise Kyla Bernadette A.

Yu SECTION: DATE 11/05/19

Assign. No.1 11-Exactness SCORE:

10 Different Philosophers and their Concepts

and Views on Human Person

1. Socrates (469-399 B.C.)

Socrates' teachings indicate that man is uniquely defined through his ability to think and question his own
existence. Socratic philosophy centers around the claim that man has the ability to examine himself through
dialogue with others and that "the unexamined life is not worth living.

2. Aristotle (c. 384 B.C. to 322 B.C.)

According to Aristotle, human beings have a natural desire and capacity to know and understand the truth,
to pursue moral excellence, and to instantiate their ideals in the world through action. Aristotle espouses the
existence of external objective reality.

3. Karl Marx (1818–1883)

Marx did not believe, as do many contemporary sociologists and psychologists, that there is no such thing
as the nature of man; that man at birth is like a blank sheet of paper, on which the culture writes its text. Quite
in contrast to this sociological relativism, Marx started out with the idea that man qua man is a recognizable
and ascertainable entity; that man can be defined as man not only biologically, anatomically and
physiologically, but also psychologically.

4. Jean – Paul Sarte (1905–1980)

Jean-Paul Sartre believed that human beings live in constant anguish, not solely because life is miserable,
but because we are 'condemned to be free'. ... Sartre's theory of existentialism states that “existence precedes
essence”, that is only by existing and acting a certain way do we give meaning to our lives.

5. René Decartes (1596–1650)

The main work of Descartes describes and supports the concept of the dualism, in which everything is
related to two things of the human beings, the mind and the other parts of the body. His focus is more over
the mind, and it is the central theme of discussion for him. Defining the human being from the mind’s
perspective has also helped others to determine the level of the involvement of mind in the acts that the person
performs in their daily lives.

6. Niccolo Machiavelli (1469–1527)

Machiavelli's view of human nature was not in accord to that of humanists who felt that an individual could
greatly contribute to the well being of the society. Machiavelli, however felt that people generally tended to
work for their own best interests and gave little obligation to the well being of the state.

7. Confucious (551–479 BCE)

For Confucius, man must have mind of a human being, treating each other with respect and justice as well.
Thus things required by him are working for a high moral standard, living in harmony with his fellow men
and living in harmony with his nature so that he does not come into disagreement with others in a community.

8. David Hume (1711–1776)

Against philosophical rationalists, Hume held that passion rather than reason governs human behaviour.
Hume argued against the existence of innate ideas, positing that all human knowledge is founded solely in
experience.
 9. Plato (around 428 B.C. – 347 B.C.)

"Man is an upright, featherless biped with broad, flat nails." ... In The Republic, Plato postulates that Man
differentiates from animals in three ways: the soul, which is immortal; the desire for and acquisition of
knowledge; and the tendency of Man to become social and political.

10. Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712–1778)

The fundamental problem for Rousseau is not nature or man but instead is social institutions. Rousseau's
view is that society corrupts the pure individual. Arguing that men are not inherently constrained by human
nature, Rousseau claims that men are limited and corrupted by social arrangements.

Parent’s name and signature: BERLYN A. YU