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CONFIDENTIAL

SULTAN IDRI5 EDLICATION UNIVERSITY

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN lORIS

FINAL EXAMINATION
SEMESTER 1 SESSION 2016/2017

CODE: SBU3033 COURSE : GENETICS

DATE: DURATION: 2 HOURS 30 MINUTES

2 9 DEC 2016

INSTRUCTIONS

1. This question paper contains TWO (2) sections, Section A and Section B.
2. Section A has TWENTY (20) multiple choice questions. Answer ALL questions in OMR sheet.
3. Section B has FOUR (4) questions. Answer ALL questions in question paper.
4. Question paper will be collected immediately after the examination.

This question paper consists of 16 printed pages including front page

PROGRAMME:

YEAR: CLASS GROUP:

REGISTRATION NO : I I I I I I ]
IDENTITY CARD NO :
I I I I I I I I I I I r--]
LECTURER: PN. ADIBAH ABU BAKAR
EN. SYAZWAN SAIDIN

DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION PAPER UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

CONFIDENTIAL
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SBU3033 Genetics

SECTION A (20 marks)

Instruction: Answer ALL questions

1. Which of the following is not true of a maternal effect gene?

A. It is located in the nuclear DNA.

B. It must be located on the X chromosome.

C. Maternal genotype affects offspring phenotype.

D. It may control deposition of material into oocytes.

2. Which of the following statements regarding epigenetic inheritance is false?

A. Epigentic inheritance can temporarily affect an individual.

B. Epigenetic inheritance can be reset during gametogenesis.

C. Epigenetic inheritance does not involve a change in DNA sequence.

D. Epigenetic inheritance seems to be due to heritable alterations in which

the DNA sequence itself is unchanged.

3. A pattern of transmission where all offspring have the same phenotype as their mother is

consistent with which type of non-Mendelian inheritance?

A. Maternal effect.

B. Genomic imprinting.

C. Dosage compensation.
D. Extranuclear inheritance.

4. You develop an inbred strain of mice that display one of two distinct syndromes. What

evidence might lead you to believe that these mice are mutant for a gene or genes

affected by imprinting?
A. All mice have the same syndrome as their father.

B. All mice have the same syndrome as their mother.

C. All mice of the same litter have the same syndrome.

D. The two syndromes occur randomly in the colony of mice.

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SBU3033 Genetics

5. Mitochondrial mutations in humans tend to affect some tissues more than others. Which

is the most likely explanation?

A. Some human tissues do not have mitochondria.

B. Some human tissues have higher energy demands than others.

C. Heteroplasmy and subsequent segregation often leads to a variegated phenotype.

D. Some human tissues can synthesize large amount of A TP in the absence of

mitochondrial function.

6. A human being has ------

autosomes and ------
sex chromosomes.

A. 23; 1
B. 22 pairs; 1 pair
C. 23;23

D. 2;2

7. A section of chromosomes that codes for a trait can be called a (n) _

A. gene

B. nucleus

C. base pair
D. nucleotide

8. Two alleles for a pea plant height are designated T (tall) and t (dwaft). These alleles are

found on ---

A. genes

B. ribosomes

C. sex chromosomes

D. homologous chromosome

9. During which phase of mitosis is DNA replicated?

A. Prophase
B. Anaphase
C. Telophase

D. Interphase

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SBU3033 Genetics

10. Mapping of human chromosome ---

A. has been restricted to the sex chromosomes because of family sizes

B. has demonstrated that almost all of the DNA is involved in coding for genes

C. proceeded much more successfully as large numbers of DNA markes became

available

D. has determined that the number of linkage groups is about twice the number of
chromosomes

11. The effects of natural selection may be countered by _

A. mutation

B. gene flow

C. inbreeding
D. genetic drift

12. Mating with relatives is called _

A. clines

B. inbreeding
C. outcrossing
D. random mating

13. Which one of the following would cause the Hardy-Weinberg principle to be distured?

A. Natural selection is not present.

B. The size of population is very large.

C. Individuals mate with one another at random.

D. There is no source of new copies of alleles from outside the population.

14. In the Hardy-Weinberg equation, the term 2pq represents the genotype frequency of the

A. heterozygotes
B. dominant allele

C. dominant homozygotes

D. resessive homozygotes

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SBU3033 Genetics

15. In a population of wildflowers, the frequency of the allele for red flowers was 0.8. What
was the frequency of the white allele, the only other allele for flower color?
A. 0.8

B. 0.4

C. 0.6

D. 0.2

16. To make a new DNA strand, which of the following is not important?
A. DNA ligase
B. Nucleotides

C. DNA polymerase

D. Okazaki fragment

17. The process shown in the diagram is _

A. hydrolysis
B. translation

C. replication
D. transcription

18. In the lagging strand, DNA is made in direction __

the replication fork and is made as

A. toward; Okazaki fragments

B. toward; one continues strand

C. away from; Okazaki fragments

D. away from; one continues strand

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SBU3033 Genetics

19. Translation process refers to the ---

A. process of formation of amino acids from mRNA

B. process of formation of mRNA from DNA template

C. process of dupiicating DNA required for protein synthesis
D. process of formation of amino acids directly from DNA template

20. Which of the following sequences accurately describes protein synthesis?

A. mRNA -7 Amino Acid -7 tRNA -7 DNA

B. mRNA � DNA � tRNA � Amino Acid

C. DNA � mRNA -7 Amino Acid -7 tRNA

D. DNA -7 mRNA -7 tRNA -7 Amino Acid

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SBU3033 Genetics

SECTION B (40 marks)

Instruction: Answer ALL questions

1. Mendelian inheritance patterns involve genes that directly influence the

phenotype of an

offspring's trait and obey Mendel's laws. Most genes in eukaryotic species follow a

Mendelian pattern of inheritance. However, many genes do not.

a. List two (2) types of inheritance patterns that deviate from a Mendelian pattern.

[2 marks]

b. The first example of a non-Mendelian pattern inheritance was studied by A.E. Boycott
and involved morphological features of the water snail, Lymnaea peregra. Figure 1
shows the inheritance pattern of snail coiling.

dextral DO dd
sinistral

Reciprocal cross

o sperm X d egg
,

dextral
F1 generation Dd

(�.<!. .,.
-.'.
,

..\11f';
,,�....

I
../

�.
sinistral

I r I
r ":1

��! :��.:,',\ '-:��." ,: \

.....
�

DO
,.... �;. ..

Dd
..

Dd
<:.ri�:
dd
F2 generation

DO Dd
'�l� Dd dd

All dextral All dextral

+ t t +
t
, .
�;",. ••

,�,- :;-", <��� �i ,�

.;-.
....
"!'
:.:...r.
:�-­
F3 generation

dextral sinistral dextral sinistral

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SBU3033 Genetics

i. In this experiment, 0 (dextral) is dominant to d (sinistral). The genotype of the

mother determines the phenotypes of offspring. State the inheritance pattern
for Figure 1.

[1 mark]

ii. When a dextral female (�O) was cross to sinistral male all F1
(dd), offspring
were dextral. However, in the reciprocal cross, where sinistral female
a (dd)
was cross to dextral male (�O), all F1 offspring were slnistral. What is
reciprocal cross and explain the unusual results obtained in Figure 1.

[4 marks]

iii. Explain why the 3: 1 ratio of dextral and sinistral offspring in the F3 generation
was observed?

[2 marks]

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SBU3033 Genetics

c. How maternal effect genes their effect

express during the early stage of

development?
[1 mark]

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SBU3033 Genetics

2. In the garden pea, orange pod (orp) is recessive to green pod (Orp+), and sensitivity
to pea mosaic virus (rno) is recessive to resistance to the virus
(Mo+). A plant with

orange pods and sensitivity to the virus was crossed to a

true-breeding plant with

green pods and resistance to the virus. The F1 plants were then test crossed to

plants with orange pods and sensitivity to the virus. The following results were

obtained:

160 orange pods, virus-sensitive

165 green pods, virus resistant

36 orange pods, virus resistant

39 green pods, virus-sensitive

Total: 400

a. Define true breeding and test-cross.

[2 marks]

b. Conduct a chi square analysis to see if these genes are linked (refer Appendix A

for chi square table).

[6 marks]

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SBU3033 Genetics

c. If they are linked, calculate the map distance between the two genes.

[2 marks]

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SBU3033 Genetics

3. Within a population of butterflies, the colour brown is dominant

(B) over the colour
white (b). And, 40% of all butterflies are white. Given this simple information,
calculate the following:

a. The percentage of butterflies in the population those are heterozygous.

[4 marks]

b. The frequency of homozygous dominant individuals.

[2 marks]

c. A population of rabbits may be brown (the dominant phenotype) or white (the

recessive phenotype). Brown rabbits have the genotype BB or Bb. White

rabbits have the genotype bb. The, frequency of the bb genotype is 0.35.

i. What is the frequency of the B aliele?

[2 marks]

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SBU3033 Genetics

ii. What is the frequency of heterozygous rabbits?

[2 marks]

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SBU3033 Genetics

4. DNA replication is the process which copies the DNA in a cell. After replication is

complete, the cell divides, forming to two identical

daughter cells. Errors in DNA
replication can lead to diseases, including cancer. Arrow alphabets in Figure 2
indicate stages of DNA replication and not in any order.

/H
Figure 2

a. Identify either 5' or 3' end of the molecule indicated by arrow of alphabet G?

[1 mark]

b. Identify either 5' or 3' end of the molecule is indicated by arrow of alphabet H?

[1 mark]

c. What kind of nucleic acid is indicated by arrow of alphabet J?

[1 mark]

d. What do you call the short discontinuous DNA fragments indicated by arrow of

alphabet K?

[1 mark]

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SBU3033 Genetics

e. What is the function of enzyme (as shown by arrow of alphabet L) in the

replication process?

[1 mark]

f. What enzyme is indicated by arrow of alphabet M that regulate the overwinding

or underwinding of DNA?

[1 mark]

g. What is the function of single stranded DNA binding proteins?

[1 mark]

h. What enzyme is responsible for binding discontinuous strand (J) together?

[1 mark]

i. List down two (2) purposes of DNA replication?

[2 marks]

END OF QUESTIONS

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SBU3033 Genetics

Appendix A

Percentage Points of the Chi-Square Distribution

1
Degrees of Probability of a larger value of x

Freedom
0.99 0.95 0.90 0.75 0.50 0.25 0.10 0.05 0.01
1 o.ooe 0.004 0.016 0.102 0.455 1.32 2.71 3.84 6.63
0.020 0.103 0.211 0.575 1.386 2.77 4.61 5.99 9.21
3 0.115 0.352 0.584 1.212 2 366
.. 4.11 6.25 7.81 11.34
4 0.297 0.711 1.064 1.923 3.357 5.39 7.78 9.49 13.28
5 0.554 1.145 1.610 2.675 4.351 6.63 9.24 11.07 15.09
6 0.872 1.635 2.204 3.455 5.3-48 7.84 10.64 12.59 16.81
7 1.239 2.167 2.833 4,255 6.346 9.04 12.02 1407 18.48
8 1.647 2.733 3.490 5.071 7.31\4 10.22 13.36 15.51 20.09
9 2.088 3.325 4.168 5.899 8.343 11.39 14,68 16.92 21.67
10 2.558 3.940 4.865 6,737 9.342 12.55 15.99 18.31 23.21
11 3.053 4.575 5.578 7,584 10.341 13.70 17.28 19.G8 24.72
12 3.571 5.226 6.304 8.438 11.340 14.85 18.55 21.03 26.22
13 4.107 5.892 7.042 9.299 12.340 15.98 19.81 22.36 27.69
14 4.660 6.571 7.790 10.165 13.339 17.12 21.06 23.68 29.14
15 5.229 7.261 8.547 11.037 14.339 18.25 22,31 2500 30.58
16 5.812 7.962 9.312 11.912 15.338 19.37 23.54 26,30 32.00
17 6.408 8.672 10.085 12.792 16.338 20.49 24.77 27.59 33.41
18 7.015 9.390 10.865 13.675 17.338 21.60 25.99 28.87 34.80
19 7.633 10.117 11.651 14.562 18.338 22.72 27.20 30.14 36.19
20 8.260 10.851 12.443 15.452 19.337 23.83 28.41 31.41 37.57
22 9.542 12.338 14.041 17.240 21.337 26.04 30.81 33.92 40.29
24 10.856 13.848 15.659 19.037 23.337 28.24 33.20 36.42 42.98
26 12.198 15.379 17.292 20.8113 25.336 30.43 35.56 38.89 45.64
28 13.565 16.928 18.939 22.657 27.336 32.62 37.92 41.34 48.28
30 14.953 18.493 20.599 24.478 29.336 34.80 40.26 43.77 50.89
40 22.164 26.509 29.051 33.660 39.335 45.62 51.80 55.76 63.69
50 27.707 34.764 37.689 42.942 49.335 56.33 63.17 67.50 76.15
60 37.485 43.188 46459 52.294 59.335 66.98 74.40 79.08 88.38