INTRODUCTION TO CRIMINOLOGY - REVIEWER for FINAL EXAMINATION

I. CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION (Pages 1 – 20)

1. The term “criminology” can be described in many ways. Who stated that criminology means criminologia? Rafaele Garofalo
2. The study of criminology is divided into 3 basic divisions in order to fully understand its nature, concepts and theoretical
principles. Which of the following is added to the scope of criminology which is essential as the 3 basic divisions? Victimology
3. The field of study of criminology is interdisciplinary, therefore it is considered as what branch of science? Social Science
4. Which of the divisions in the study of criminology attempts to analyze scientifically the causes of crime? Criminal Etiology
5. The word crimen is a Latin word from which the term criminology was derived. The term crimen means accusation
6. In the word criminology, “logy” means study or science of crime as an individual and social phenomenon. Which of the following is
the Greek word for “logy”? Aoyia-logia
7. What power of the state imposes reasonable restrictions on the liberties of its citizens for the maintenance of public safety, security
and public order? Police Power
8. Which of the following component of men that is bound by similar traditions, institutions or nationality? Society
9. Which of the following is not one of the components of a society? crime
10. Social Contract - Men and state entered into agreement where men are privileged by the state to live in a certain jurisdiction
provided that men shall surrender some of their social liberties in return for the protection and safety that the state shall provide.
II. CHAPTER 2 – THE SOCIOLOGY OF LAWS IN THE CONTEXT OF CRIMINOLOGY (Pages 21 – 32)
11. Generally, this branch or division of law defines crimes, treats the nature of crime and provides for the punishment . Criminal law
12. Criminal Law originated from some of our customs, traditions or habitual practices, crystallized or reflected as sources of ethical
standards. What model explains this theory? Consensus model
13. Which of the following are laws enforced by the State? Positive Law, Civil Law, State Law. All of the above
14. The term that means “rule of action or any expression of uniformity”. Law
15. Honesty, voting with conscience and no cheating policy are examples of laws which are not imposed by the State. In what
category of common law do they belong? Moral Law
16. The act of killing a person is defined by law in its generic term. What is the generic name for classes of human killings? Homicide
17. One of the origins of criminal law is that which inconsistency is seen in a group in regards to mores and interests. What model is
used to explain this theory? Conflict Model
18. Criminal law originated from 4 major theories which can be discerned by categorizing them into consensus and conflict models.
Which of the following is not the origin of criminal law? None of the above
19. The source of criminal law which includes acts or omissions defined as crimes through the legislative process. Statutory Law
20. This law prescribes moral conduct or set of standards or patterns of right and wrong developed in the consciousness of every man.
What category of common law is this? Moral Law
III. CHAPTER 3 – THE PSYCHOLOGY OF CRIME (Pages 33 – 50)
21. Crimes are treated by law as felony. Term used to describe violation or infraction of city/municipal ordinances? Misdemeanor
22. In criminology, human behaviors are classified into criminal behavior and non-criminal behavior. What class of behavior is referred
to when that behavior violates criminal laws and is punishable by law? Criminal Behavior
23. A misdemeanor is usually punishable by incarceration for up to one year. Misdemeanant is a person who has committed it.
24. In the formula of crime, what does “C” stand for? Crime
25. Will a person be criminally liable when he commits suicide? No
26. The term “criminal intent” is tantamount to “guilty mind”. What is its equal term in Latin? Mens rea
27. The law prescribes that the act or omission must bear intentionality to consider it as crime. When someone intended to kill another
but failed, instead, a serious injury was derived, what is he guilty of? Felony
28. Which of the following does not represent the anatomy of crime? Desirability
29. Crimes are classified in several ways. What is the basis of the classification of the reason or reasons for committing it? Motive
30. Who of the following is referred to when a crime was committed? Criminal
IV. CHAPTER 4 – ETIOLOGY OF CRIME (Pages 51 – 72)
31. What school of criminology theorizes that crime causation was founded on the principle of Utilitarianism, Hedonism and Social
contract? Classical
32. Devotion to pleasure and avoidance of what is painful is called. Hedonism
33. The Classical School of Criminology postulated that crimes is caused by man’s free will. Who among the proponents of
the Classical School advocated that the failure of the social contract is the major cause of crime? Voltaire
34. Classical doctrine on crime was maintained by the Neo-classical School but placed an opposing theory in matters of punishment
specifically upon children and lunatics. What theory on punishment the Neo-Classical introduce? Exemption from Punishment
35. Who was the leader of the Italian School, who, at the same time is also known as the Father of Criminology? Cesare Lombroso
36. According to Lombroso, criminals are by birth a distinct type, or also known as “born criminals” who possess pre-disposed criminal
behavior determined by his/her physical stigmata. What is this condition also known? Atavism
37. The Positivist School theory concluded that the primary cause of crime is the physical and mental make-up of the person. The
proponent of the Positivist School advocated that “personality disposition was associated by certain body types”? William
Sheldon
38. John Lavater made studies on the peculiar appearance of a criminal in relation to determining personality characteristics that
would likely identify a potential criminal. What is this study known? Physiognomy
39. John Spurtsheim, Frans Gall and Charles Caldwell theorized that skull shape indicates mental characteristics and reveal emotional
and behavioral traits. What study explains this theory? Phrenology
40. Classical, Neo-classical and Positivist Schools’ theory of punishment include severe punishment, exemptions and treatment, which
became the bases of some penalties. What approach to the Revised Penal Code is severe punishment? Aggravating
41. Who is the proponent of modern psychoanalysis? Sigmund Freud
42. The Cartographic or Geographical School approached the explanation of crime in terms of influences of location and condition of
social life to man’s behavior. In the present time, this approach is known as: Ecological
43. Who postulated that crime is due to societal factors such as poverty and low levels of education? Sutherland, Torde, Durkheim
44. What theory in crime causation did the Socio-social Psycho School emphasize? Theory of Imitation
45. What theory in crime causation explains that crime is a by-product of economic condition? Economic Determinism
V. CHAPTER 4A – PRESENT THEORIES OF CRIME (Pages 73 – 88)
46. In the present theories of crime, psychological theory emphasized crime as the result of inadequate socialization. Such
inadequacy promotes an inclination to deviance. Terms discusses sociability and reclusiveness? Extraversion
47. Social institutions, through its processes, influence human behavior. Which of the following social institutions influence human
behavior by emphasizing morality, dignity and spiritual values that oppose crime and delinquency? Church
48. Economic condition is believed to be a factor to the cause of crime, specifically its systems or processes which influence human
behavior. What is economic condition when low income is experienced, it cannot maintain normal health and efficiency? Poverty
49. Who emphasized environmental factors, social, economic, political conditions as the source of the cause of crime? Enrico Ferri
50. Hans Eysenck designated 3 major traits of personality, each one is considered a potential indicator of a criminal behavior. Which
of the following traits of personality would succumb to suicide? Introversion
51. Which of the following is not considered as sexual deviancy? Egoism
52. Biological/physiological theories proposed that abnormal genetic factors pre-dispose criminal behavior. Who was the primary
proponent of the theory correlating physique and temperament to personality characteristics? William Sheldon
53. William Sheldon developed a theory associating certain body types to personality characteristics. This theory is Somatotyping.
54. What mental temperament corresponds to the mesomorphic body type? Somototonic
55. It is a dimension of human personality which is characterized by recklessness, disregard for conventionality and inappropriate
emotional convention. Psychoticism
VI. CHAPTER 4B – THE FACTORS OF CRIME (Pages 89 – 100)
56. Referred to when the personality is described as having a mental and emotional imbalance? Psychopatic Personality
57. Mental pathologies are classified according to level of the seriousness of mental disorder. What is this classification? Psychosis
58. Insanity is a legal term used to describe circumstances which the actor did not know the nature or quality of his/her acts. What is
the medical term for insanity? Psychosis
59. The types of psychopathic personality include the following, except: Psychotic Type
60. Most children-in-conflict with the law come from a family relationship where parents are unable to provide food, shelter, clothing,
education and health care to children. Which of the following family relationship is described? Parental Neglect
61. Classification of mental pathology where the person suffering this disease losses contact with reality similar to insanity. Psychosis
62. Neuropathic condition is a condition in which over-reaction to authority, high tensions and self-consciousness is experienced by a
neurotic. It includes the following types of personality, except: Neurophatic Personality
63. Rapists with sadistic tendencies are classified as Psychopathic
64. A person suffering the disease known as psychosis is called a Psychotic
65. A person who is legally insane is medically known as Psychotic
VII. CHAPTER 5 – THE CRIMINAL WORLD/UNDERWORLD (Pages 101 – 110)
66. This type of offender is a special type of an occasional offender, who, under the stress of a particular circumstance commits a
crime that is not likely to be repeated. It is described further that the act of crime is a result of an emotional frustration. Episodic
67. Type of offenders is referred when the offense is carried out for his own convenience and seldom harms anyone? Casual
68. It is one of the newest category of crimes by which the criminal act is motivated by racial or other biases. Hate Crimes
69. Which of the following is described as a crime with no apparent victim or the victim is usually the offender too? Victimless Crime
70. Not a type of white-collar crime which criminal activity is committed on the network as its source, tool, target or place. C-Crime
71. The illegal act is committed in the course of business by people of high social position in their occupation. White-Collar-Crime
72. Crime is committed by various criminal enterprises, the nature of operation is clandestine and conspiratorial. Organized Crime
73. This is one of the categories of organized crime, described as an organized method of extorting money from those engaged in
either legitimate or illegitimate enterprise in exchange of protection service rendered. Racketeering
74. “The commission of a crime is a day-to-day occupation; the criminal’s way of life and a means of livelihood?” Professional Crime
75. In the underworld language, the term is referred to one who disposes stolen goods. Fence
VIII. CHAPTER 6 – VICTIMOLOGY AND THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM (Pages 111 – 140)
76. A field of study which deals with the nature and causes of victimization, programs for aiding victimization prevention. Victimology
77. Referred to social scientist who deals with the study of causes of victimization, programs of preventing victimization. Victimologist
78. Referred to when the source of victimization is by natural forces, agents, substances or organisms? Natural Victimization
79. Who is referred to, when someone is hurt or killed by someone or something, specially in a crime, accident or disaster? Victim
80. A landlady inadvertently left her bunch of keys on the dining table and one of the boarders spotted it, picked it up and
started to open the master’s bedroom and took considerable pieces of jewelry. What responsibility is this? Victim Facilitation
81. One of the prevention methods is to increase security by creating well-protected defensive space by target hardening. CPTED
82. This form of victimization is a result of one’s own hand, or as a result of one’s own action. Auto-victimization
83. Anna is a non-smoker, but her officemates smoke aggressively in their air-conditioned office. Due to the irresponsible
smoking of Anna’s officemates, Anna contracted tuberculosis. What form of victimization did Anna suffer? All of Them
84. Victimization prevention refers to activities employed that would discourage criminals from attacking targets. What victimization
prevention activity is referred to when we do not allow strangers into our homes or ignoring passers by? Avoidance Strategies
85. Which of the following acts is victimization by human action? Suicide
IX. CHAPTER 7 – PENOLOGY/CORRECTIONS (Pages 141 – 147) TRUE OR FALSE
86. Restorative justice means providing reparation of the victim and reconciliation of the offender.
87. A jail is not a place of confinement of those offenders sentenced to life imprisonment.
88. The very common method of corrections is imprisonment.
89. Act which established a comprehensive juvenile justice and welfare system is R.A. 603.
90. Punishment means redress that the State takes against an offending member and it was derived from a Latin word “paenitentia”.
91. The term corrections when defined as a process means “a branch of the criminal justice administration charged with the
responsibility for the custody, supervision and rehabilitation of the convicted offender.
92. A “child-in-conflict with the law” refers to a child who is alleged as accused of or adjudged as having committed an offense.
93. Institutionalized process of correction is placing the convicted offender in prison or in jail.
94. A lock up jail is not a facility which houses minimum custody offenders serving constructive work program.
95. A science which concerns with the control and treatment of crimes and criminals is called penology.