HSC IMPORTANT FORMULAE FOR BOARD EXAM REFERENCE

ALGEBRAIC FORMULAE

1. 𝑎0 = 1 5. 𝑎 + 𝑏 3 = 𝑎3 + 3𝑎2 𝑏 + 3𝑎𝑏 2 + 𝑏 3
2. 𝑎 + 𝑏 2 = 𝑎2 + 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2 6. 𝑎 − 𝑏 3 = 𝑎3 − 3𝑎2 𝑏 + 3𝑎𝑏 2 − 𝑏 3
3. 𝑎 − 𝑏 2 = 𝑎2 − 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2 7. 𝑎3 + 𝑏 3 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 𝑎2 − 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2
4. 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 (𝑎 − 𝑏) 8. 𝑎3 − 𝑏 3 = 𝑎 − 𝑏 𝑎2 + 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2

TRIGONOMETRIC FORMULAE

1. 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 = 1 1−𝑡𝑎𝑛 2 𝜃

= 1+𝑡𝑎𝑛 2 𝜃
2. 1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃
3. 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃 2𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃
10. 𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝜃 = 1−𝑡𝑎𝑛 2 𝜃
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 1
4. 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = = 11. 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝜃 = 3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 − 4 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝜃
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 1
5. 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 12. 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝜃 = 4 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝜃 − 3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
1 3𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 −𝑡𝑎𝑛 3 𝜃
6. 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 = 13. 𝑡𝑎𝑛3𝜃 = 1−3 𝑡𝑎𝑛 2 𝜃
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
2
7.
1
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 14. 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃 = 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
2𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃
15. 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃 = 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃
8. 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃 = 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 16. 1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 2
(1+𝑡𝑎𝑛 2 𝜃)
9. 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 17. 1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 2
18. 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑏 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑏
= 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 − 1 19. 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑎 − 𝑏 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑏 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑏
20. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑏 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑏
= 1 − 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃
21. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑎 − 𝑏 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑏 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑏

𝐴+𝐵 𝐴−𝐵 1
1. 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐴 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐵 = 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑠 5. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐴 + 𝐵 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐴 − 𝐵
2 2 2
𝐴+𝐵 𝐴−𝐵 1
2. 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐴 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐵 = 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑛 6. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐵 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐴 + 𝐵 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐴 − 𝐵
2 2 2
1
3. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐴 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐵 = 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠
𝐴+𝐵
𝑐𝑜𝑠
𝐴−𝐵 7. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐴 + 𝐵 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐴 − 𝐵
2 2 2
1
4. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐴 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐵 = −2 𝑠𝑖𝑛
𝐴+𝐵
𝑠𝑖𝑛
𝐴−𝐵 8. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐵 = − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐴 + 𝐵 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐴 − 𝐵
2
2 2

𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴 +𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐵 𝜋 1−𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃

1. 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝐴 + 𝐵 = 1−𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐵 4. 𝑡𝑎𝑛 − 𝜃 = 1+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃
4
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴 −𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐵 𝑥+𝑦
2. 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝐴 − 𝐵 = 1+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐵 5. 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑦
1−𝑥𝑦
𝜋 1+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 𝑥−𝑦
3. 𝑡𝑎𝑛 + 𝜃 = 1−𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 6. 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 1+𝑥𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑦
4

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1. 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑎 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑏 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑎𝑏 4. 𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑎 𝑏 = 𝑏 7. 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑒 = 1

𝑎 5. 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑎 = 1 8. 𝑙𝑜𝑔 1 = 0
2. 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑎 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑏 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑏 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑎
3. 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑎𝑚 = 𝑚 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑎 6. 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑎 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑏

1. 𝑎0 = 1 6. 𝑎−𝑚 = 𝑎 𝑚
1 3
10. 𝑎 = 𝑎3
1

2. 𝑎𝑏 𝑚 = 𝑎𝑚 𝑏 𝑚 1 1

𝑎 𝑚 𝑎𝑚
7. 𝑎𝑚 = 𝑎 −𝑚 11.
𝑛
𝑎 = 𝑎𝑛
3. = 𝑏𝑚
𝑏 8. 𝑎𝑚 𝑛
= 𝑎𝑚𝑛
𝑚 𝑛 𝑚 +𝑛
4. 𝑎 𝑎 = 𝑎 1

𝑎𝑚
9. 𝑎 = 𝑎2
5. = 𝑎𝑚 −𝑛
𝑎𝑛

1. 𝑠𝑖𝑛 −𝜃 = − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝜋 12. 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜋+𝜃 = − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃

7. 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2
− 𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃
2. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝜋 13. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜋+𝜃 = − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
3. 𝑡𝑎𝑛 −𝜃 = −𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 8. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 − 𝜃 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 14. 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜋−𝜃 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃
2
𝜋 𝜋
4. 𝑠𝑖𝑛 −𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 9. 𝑠𝑒𝑐 −𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 15. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜋−𝜃 = − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
2 2
𝜋 𝜋
5. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −𝜃 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 10. 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2
+𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
2
𝜋 𝜋
6. 𝑡𝑎𝑛 −𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝜃 11. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2
+𝜃 = − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃
2

DERIVATIVES FORMULAE

𝑑 𝑑
1. 𝑥 𝑛 = 𝑛𝑥 𝑛 −1 7. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 = −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑 𝑑 1
2. 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 8. 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑 𝑑
3. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 = − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 9. 𝑎 𝑥 = 𝑎 𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑎
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑 𝑑
4. 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 10. 𝑑𝑥 𝑘 = 0
𝑑𝑥

𝑑 𝑑
5. 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥 = −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 11. 𝑑𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥
𝑑𝑥

𝑑 𝑑
6. 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 12. 𝑥=1
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

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𝑑 1
13. 𝑑𝑥 𝑥=2 𝑥

𝑑 −1
𝑑 1 17. 𝑑𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑡 −1 𝑥 = 1+𝑥 2
14. 𝑑𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥 =
1−𝑥 2

𝑑 1
𝑑 −1 18. 𝑑𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 𝑥 =
15. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑥 2 −1
𝑑𝑥 1−𝑥 2

𝑑 −1
𝑑 1 19. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 𝑥 =
16. 𝑑𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 = 1+𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 2 −1

Integration formulae

1. 0 𝑑𝑥 = 𝐶 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑐 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 20. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 + 𝑐

1
2. 1 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 + 𝑐 21. 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 + 𝑐
𝑥 2 +𝑎 2
𝑥 𝑛 +1
3. 𝑥 𝑛 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑛+1
+𝑐 22.
1
𝑑𝑥 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 + 𝑐
𝑥 2 −𝑎 2
1
4. 𝑑𝑥 = 2 𝑥 + 𝑐 23.
1
𝑑𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1
𝑥
+𝑐
𝑥
𝑎 2 −𝑥 2 𝑎
1
5. 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 + 𝑐 1 1 𝑥
𝑥 24. 𝑥 2 +𝑎 2
𝑑𝑥 = 𝑎 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑎
+𝑐
6. 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑐 1 1 𝑥−𝑎
25. 𝑥 2 −𝑎 2
𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑎 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥+𝑎
+𝑐
𝑥 𝑎𝑥
7. 𝑎 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 + 𝑐 1 1 𝑎+𝑥
26. 𝑎 2 −𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑎 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑎−𝑥
+𝑐
8. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑐
1 1 𝑥
27. 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 +𝑐
9. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐 𝑥 𝑥 2 −𝑎 2 𝑎 𝑎

10. 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐

11. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = −𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 + 𝑐
12. 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 + 𝑐
13. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 + 𝑐
1
14. 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥 + 𝑐 /− 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑥 + 𝑐
1−𝑥 2
1
15. 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 + 𝑐 / − 𝑐𝑜𝑡 −1 𝑥 + 𝑐
1+𝑥 2
1
16. 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 𝑥 + 𝑐 /−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑥 𝑥 2 −1

17. 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 + 𝑐

18. 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑐
19. 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐

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𝜃 00 300 450 600 900 1800 2700 3600

00 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 3𝜋 2𝜋
6 4 3 2 2
sin 𝜃 0 1 1 3 1 0 −1 0
2 2 2
cos 𝜃 1 3 1 1 0 −1 0 1
2 2 2
tan 𝜃 0 1 1 3 𝑁. 𝐷. 0 𝑁. 𝐷. 0
3
cosec 𝜃 𝑁. 𝐷. 2 2 2 1 𝑁. 𝐷. −1 𝑁. 𝐷
3
sec 𝜃 1 2 2 2 𝑁. 𝐷. −1 𝑁. 𝐷. 1
3
cot 𝜃 𝑁. 𝐷. 3 1 1 0 𝑁. 𝐷. 0 𝑁. 𝐷
3

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