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ANAPHY Lecture

Anatomy 4 subcourses
• Gross anatomy: Macroscopic - the study of anatomical structures that are large
structures and easily observable; the structures can be internal or external. For example, the
gastrointestinal tract. “You can see what you will study”
• Clinical anatomy: Macroscopic - the study of anatomical structures and relate these to a
clinical entity (disease or disorder), followed by its treatment. For example: Clinical disorder in
the muscle like tetanus (viral disease), spasms (contraction)
• Microscopic anatomy - the study of the cell and the tissue on a microscope. Tissues are
expired due to dehydration from preservative use like formalin
• Embryology - studies the cell as it grows and develops into a whole like the fetus
• Histology - study of different tissues

Systems
• Digestive system has 3 stages of digestion. The first phase is the cephalic phase
(Followed by the gastric phase and intestinal phase)
• Not mastication because it is the process of chewing or grinding the food in order to aid
in the digestion as well as salivation because it is also a process where the saliva has certain
enzyme that aids digestion called amylase
• Digestive system breaks down into absorbable nutrients that enter the blood for
distribution to body cells; indigestible food stuff are eliminated as feces
• The first part of the anatomical structure of the digestive system is the oral cavity (also
known as the buccal cavity; can be applied to animals)
• Oral cavity > Esophagus > Stomach > Small intestines > Large intestines (Colon) >
Rectum
• Mumps is the inflammation of the parotid glands
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