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Many believe that Godot is really God. I think that Beckett initially
wants us to believe he is God simply because of the name, but it's
more involved than that. Godot is 'who' we are waiting for, and in the
course of the play that can take on many meanings such as hope,
salvation, nemisis etc. In Christianty, they wait for Jesus, the 'second
coming of Christ,' therefore a Christian audience would view Godot in
this way. The Jews on the other hand still await the coming of the
Messiah.
". . . Any critic who accepts the religious analogy sees the boy
messenger as equivalent to an angel ("angel" is in any case derived
from the Greek word for "Messenger"), but Pozzo seems to be a
stumbling-block for most of them. He need not be: although Pozzo
denies that he is Godot, he tells Vladimir and Estragon that they are
"on my land". Other hints suggest that he may be the very person they
are waiting for, but, like the Jews confronted with Jesus, they are
expecting someone so different that they fail to recognize him
. On the other hand, one must admit that Pozzo’s treatment of Lucky
in Act I resembles the behaviour of the God of the Old Testament ; it is
in Act II that Pozzo himself begins to seem a victim, "a man of sorrows
and acquainted with grief." There are moments in the Old Testament
when the Jews—or some of them—failed to recognise their God, so
we could perhaps argue that Act I represents the Old Testament and
Act II the New. But if Vladimir and Estragon represent Christianity
rather than Judaism, there are several texts in the New Testament
which warn that the Second Coming of Christ will resemble in its
stealth that of "a thief in the night". . . ." (1)
HATS
Because the play has so few props, the props that do appear onstage take
on an exaggerated significance. As one
example, Vladimir, Estragon, Lucky, and Pozzo all wear hats and at times
seem oddly preoccupied with them.
Lucky, for instance, needs his hat to think, and stops his long monologue
once his hat is knocked off.
In act two Estragon and Vladimir exchange their hats and Lucky's hat back
and forth, trying different ones on. Given the importance of these hats to
their individual owners, this scene can be seen as representing the fluidity
and instability of individual identities in the play. As Pozzo and Lucky don't
remember having already seen Vladimir and Estragon in act two, Vladimir
begins to wonder whether the Pozzo and Lucky of act two are the same as
those of act one. Estragon, for one, does not recognize them, and calls
Pozzo Abel. Estragon can't even remember his own past, and at one point
tells Pozzo that his name is Adam. Moreover, it is not clear whether the
young boy in each act is one boy or two different ones. The boy also calls
Vladimir Mr. Albert, which may or may not actually be Vladimir's name.
With all of this ambiguity and instability regarding people's identities, the
scene of the hat exchange playfully represents an exchange of identities,
as Vladimir and Estragon wear different combinations of hats. Vladimir
ends up wearing Lucky's hat—notably, the one he needed to "think"—
seemingly taking on a new identity, as he then asks Estragon to "play" at
being Lucky and Pozzo. Indeed, it's uncertain whether Vladimir and
Estragon (or other characters) are actually being themselves throughout
the play, or if they even have stable selves they can be.
NAMES
Many of the names in Beckett's play can be seen has having hidden
meanings. The most important example is Godot, whose name evokes
similarity to God for many readers. Along this reading, Godot symbolizes
the salvation that religion promises, but which never comes (just as Godot
never actually comes to Vladimir and Estragon).
But the similarity between "Godot" and "God" could also be a game Beckett
is playing with his audience and readers, a kind of red herring that actually
imparts no important information.
This would be in line with other character names: Estragon means
"tarragon" in French, for example, while Pozzo is Italian for a water well,
but these meanings hold little to no significance for those characters.
And Lucky's name is anything but fitting, as he is the character who
unluckily suffers the most onstage.
In the end, Beckett's character names suggest the possibility of meaning
but fail to deliver on this promise, just as Godot promises to save
Vladimir and Estragon but never shows up. As further examples of the
nihilist worldview that pervades Waiting for Godot, the play's
character names may be significant precisely for being insignificant,
meaningful in that they mean nothing.
The Boots:
A symbol of both the end of life and hope — The lack of leaves in
act one signify that the characters are lost and have no direction;
they talk of hanging themselves, possibly to escape from the
endless waiting. However, in the second act the tree sprouts
leaves, which can symbolize new hope as Estragon and Vladimir
continue to wait.
the willow tree has great religious significance. In the Judeo-Christian
tradition it represents, among other things, the promise of new life as
well as chastity. But the willow symbol is even older than that, going way
back to the strange, mystical world of Celtic antiquity. The willow is a
symbol of harmony, of strength, of rootedness to the soil.
But Estragon's none too impressed with the willow. Far from being a
symbol of strength and stability, the willow tree has become for
Estragon, at least, a source of uncertainty, an object whose integrity
must be called into question. Vladimir soon joins Estragon in his
questioning of the tree's positive symbolic value. No more is it a site of
salvation; it's simply an object from which you can hang yourself. In this
expression of existential ennui, it's not just the creation that's being
called into question, but the Creator himself.
Rope:
Or time or power