ECUACIONES (1er grado)

𝑥 3𝑥 5𝑥
1) + − =2
2 4 6

𝑀. 𝐶. 𝑀. = 12
6 3 2
12(𝑥) 12(3𝑥) 12(5𝑥)
+ − = 12(2)
2 4 6
1 1 1
6x + 9x – 10x = 24
15x – 10x = 24
5x = 24
x = 24/5
x = 4,8

19−2𝑥 2𝑥−11
2) 2𝑥 − =
2 2

2𝑥 2(19 − 2𝑥) 2(2𝑥 − 11)

2 − =
1 2 2
4x – 19 + 2x = 2x – 11
4x + 2x – 2x = -11 + 19
4x = 8
x = 8/4
x=2

3𝑥−9 5𝑥−12
3) 𝑥 + =4−
5 3

𝑀. 𝐶. 𝑀. = 15

15(3𝑥 − 9) 15(5𝑥 − 12)

15(𝑥) + = 15(4) −
5 3
15x + 9x – 27 = 60 – 25x + 60
15x + 9x + 25x = 60 + 60 + 27
49x = 147
x = 147/49
x=3
 5𝑥−7 2𝑥+7
4) − = 3𝑥 − 14
2 3

M.C.M. = 6
3 2
6(5𝑥 − 7) 6(2𝑥 + 7)
− = 6(3𝑥 − 14)
2 3
1 1
15x – 21 – 4x – 14 = 18x – 84
11x – 35 = 18x – 84
-35 + 84 = 18x – 11x
49 = 7x
49/7 = x
x=7

𝑥+4 𝑥−4 3𝑥−1

5) − =2+
3 5 15

M.C.M. = 15
5 3
15(𝑥 + 4) 15(𝑥 − 4) 15(3𝑥 − 1)
− = 15(2) +
3 5 15
1 1
5x + 20 – 3x + 12 = 30 + 3x - 1
2x + 32 = 29 + 3x
32 - 29 = 3x – 2x
3=x

3𝑥
6) +2=𝑥+4
2

2 (3𝑥)
+ 2(2) = 2(𝑥 + 4)
2
3x + 4 = 2x + 8
3x – 2x = 8 – 4
x=4
 𝑥 𝑥−6
7) 𝑥 − 8 = 2 − 3

M.C.M. = 6
3 2
6(𝑥) 6(𝑥 − 6)
6(𝑥) − 6(8) = +
2 3
1 1
6x – 48 = 3x – 2x + 12
6x – 3x + 2x = 48 + 12
5x = 60
x = 60/5
x = 12

3𝑥 𝑥
8) 𝑥 − =7+3
4

M.C.M. = 28
7 4
28𝑥 − 28(3𝑥) 28(𝑥)
= + 28(3)
4 7
1 1
28x – 21x = 4x + 84
7x = 4x + 84
3x = 84
x = 84/3
x = 28

INECUACIONES
9) 7(𝑥 − 18) < 3(𝑥 − 14)
7x – 126 < 3x – 42
7x – 3x < 126 - 42
4x < 84
x < 84/4
x < 21

10) 7(𝑥 − 3) > 9(𝑥 + 1) − 38

 7x – 21 > 9x + 9 – 38
7x – 9x > +9 – 38 + 21
(-1) -2x > -8 (-1)
2x < 8
x < 8/2
x<4

𝑥 𝑥
11) 𝑥 + 2 + 3 ≤ 11

M.C.M. = 6
3 2
𝑥 𝑥
6(𝑥) + 6 ( ) + 6 ( ) ≤ 6 (11)
2 3
1 1
6(x) + 3x + 2x ≤ 66
11x ≤ 66
x ≤ 66/11
x≤6

5𝑥−5
12) ≥3
𝑥+1
5𝑥−5
(𝑥 + 1) ≥ 3(𝑥 + 1)
𝑥+1

5x – 5 ≥ 3x + 3
5x – 3x ≥ 5 + 3
2x ≥ 8
x ≥ 8/2
x≥4

OPERACIÓN CON CONJUNTOS

13) 𝑆𝑖: 𝑈 = {𝑥⁄𝑥 ∈ 𝑁 ∧ 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 9}
(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)′ = {0, 6, 9}
(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = {1, 2, 7}
𝐴 − 𝐵 = {3, 5}
¿Cuál es la suma de los elementos de B-A?
U = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
 3. 1. 4.
2. 6.
9. 5. 7. 8.
0.

(B – A) = { 4, 8}
=> 4 + 8 = 12

14) Determinar: E = (A-B) ∩ (B-C)

Si: A = {x/x N/x es divisor de 12}
B = {x/x es número natural / x es divisor de 18}
C = {x/x  N/ x es divisor de 16}
A = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12}
B = { 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18}
C = { 1, 2, 4, 8, 16}

=> (A – B) = {4; 12}

(B – C) = {3; 6; 9; 18}
 E = (A-B) ∩ (B-C) = {}

15) En los diagramas como se puede expresar lo sombreado:

[ (A – B) U (B – A) ]

(A – B)
16) Sean:
A = {1, 5, 7, 8, 9}
B = {1, 5, 8, 9}
C = {1, 8}
D = {1, 9, 7}
Hallar (A  C) – (B  D)
A  C = {5, 7, 9}
B  D = {5, 7, 8}

(A  C) – (B  D) = { 9}

17) Para dos conjuntos A y B se tiene que:

A U B = {x/x  Z /2  x  8}
A ∩ B = {5}
A – B = {4, 6, 7}
Hallar la suma de los elementos de B
A U B = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}

A B
4. 2.
6. 5. 3.
. 7. 8.

B = {2, 3, 8}
 2 + 3+ 8 = 13

18) Sean:
A = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}
B = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}
C = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
Hallar E = [A U (B ∩ C)’ ]  (A’ – B’)
Siendo: U = {x/x  N x < 12}
U = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11}
B ∩ C = {2, 4, 6, 8}
(B ∩ C)’ = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11}
A U (B ∩ C)’ = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11}

A’ = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 11}

B’ = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11}

A’ - B’ = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}
E = [A U (B ∩ C)’]  (A’ – B’)
E = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11}