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(*) El período de 100 años corresponde a la duración de la vida máxima de una instalación industrial. La probabilidad de que
ocurra un acontecimiento durante este período se calcula usando la relación: P = 1 – exp (-100 ).
Ruptura (2)
de derivación de DN ≤ 25 mm
de una línea de DN ≤ 25 mm 10-3 ≤ < 10-1 Posible Una vez
P
Abertura intempestiva de una válvula de seguridad
maquinal = ação quase reflexa em seguida de uma formação e de uma prática intensivas = 10-3
procedural = execução de tarefas seguindo procedimentos escritos e conhecidos = 10-2
reflexiva = diagnóstico de un procedimiento complejo y desarrollar una estrategia =10-1
(2) La frecuencia anual mundial de un conjunto de elementos no (por ejemplo 10 uniones del mismo tipo en un canal) es igual al
producto del número de elementos de la frecuencia de una falla de elemento. En el ejemplo, sería 10 x 10-2 = 10-1 es decir,
un nivel de frecuencia global igual a F.
MF 1 1 2 3
F 1 2 3 4
P 2 3 4 4
I 3 4 4 4
Si todas las causas tienen el mismo nivel de frecuencia no es difícil estimar el nivel de probabilidad más cercano a la media
ponderada de la frecuencia de las causas.
Cuando el valor del nivel obtenido está entre dos niveles, hay que considerar la probabilidad más alta.
Major Recordable case with severe Loss of primary containment involving Production interruption Negative coverage by Cost of repairs to property, cost
and irreversible impact chemical release; or exceedance of with potential revenue or communication media of compensation, and any other
emission standard for air, water, waste margin impact potential financial exposure &
Health or safety of person off-site or noise, resulting in either: > US$ 500,000 potential liability > US$ 500,000
affected at a recordable level Long-term health impact on
population; or Actual tampering of product,
Fatality, off-site injury requiring data or document, not corrected
physician treatment or on-site before adverse external impact
lost-time recordable injury, Non-environmental Regulatory
sheltering-in-place or evacuation; Agency finding (FDA, USDA,
or etc) with fine > US$ 10,000
>US$500,000 in likely property
damage, potential liability or other
financial exposure; or
Negative coverage by
communication media.
Off-site remediation activities required,
going beyond spill-products’ removal.
Likely adverse regulatory finding with
fine > US$10,000.
High Several recordable cases with Loss of primary containment involving Production interruption Low key factual report Cost of repairs to property, cost
common cause and no severe and chemical release; or exceedance of with potential revenue or by local communication of compensation, and any other
irreversible impact emission standard for air, water, waste margin impact > US$ 50,000 media, with low risk of potential financial exposure &
or noise, resulting in either: and < US$ 500,000, with larger coverage potential liability < US$ 500,000
Violent acts at the workplace, Short-term health impact on > 10 rescheduled or short and > US$ 50,000
involving personnel or contractors population; or shipments
A fire or explosion; or Break-in into property or
shipping vessel or container with
Reportable quantity exceeded; or possibility of data or product
>US$50,000 in likely property contact or tampering
damage, potential liability or other
financial exposure; or Security threat received by
Low key, factual report by local site, either directly or notified by
coummication media, with low law enforcement agency (apart
risk of larger coverage from non Innophos-specific
general warning); suspicious
Removal activity of off-site spill- materials found or received
products required, or on-site
remediation activities going beyond Theft or vandalism with
superficial neutralization of the spill personnel involvement
products and/or their removal.
High Non-environmental Regulatory
Multiple (2 or more) neighborhood
(continu Agency finding (FDA, USDA,
complaints on same or similar matter
ed) etc) with fine > US$ 5,000 and
within 6 months.
Rating Personnel Safety Environment Operations Company Image Property and All Other Incidents
Likely adverse regulatory finding with fine > < US$ 10,000
US$5,000 and < US$10,000.
Medium Several first-aid cases with Exceedance of emission standard for Production interruption Multiple low key factual Cost of repairs to property, cost
common cause air, water, waste, noise. with potential revenue or inquiries from local of compensation, and any other
Loss of primary containment with or margin impact > US$ 25,000 community with low risk potential financial exposure &
One recordable case without walled or curbed secondary and < US $50,000, with > 1 of local communication potential liability < US$ 50,000
containment involving chemical and < 10 rescheduled or media attention and > US$ 10,000
Threats of violence at the
release of quantities higher than “low short shipments
workplace, involving personnel or Successful break-in with no
severity” ceilings or with spill-products
contractors possibility of data or product
reaching the site’s process or storm
sewer systems. contact or tampering
Loss of primary containment involving Theft or vandalism without
chemical release resulting in personnel involvement
>US$10,000 in likely property
damage, potential liability or other Non-environmental Regulatory
financial exposure. Agency finding (FDA, USDA,
Single neighborhood complaint with etc) with fine < US$ 5,000
precendent in past 24 months.
Likely adverse regulatory finding with
fine < US$5,000.
Low One first aid case Loss of primary containment involving Production Single low key factual Cost of repairs to property, cost
chemical release within walled or interruption with inquiry from local of compensation, and any other
Minor Regulatory Agency curbed secondary containment and potential revenue or community with no risk potential financial exposure &
negative inspection finding, with contained spill-products more margin impact of local communication potential liability < US$ 10,000
without fine than 1 mt ton but less than 5 mt and > US$ 10,000 and media attention
less than 10% of breached tank or silo < US$ 25,000, without Attempted break-in with no
capacity. immediate OTIF((On- possibility of data or product
Loss of primary containment involving Time In-Full contact or tampering
chemical release with no walled or Performance Rate)
impact Loss of keys or access card
curbed secondary containment, with
minimal quantity spilled (more than 5 Non-environmental Regulatory
kg and less than 25 kg for solids, and Agency finding (FDA, USDA,
more than 1 liter and less than 5 liter etc) without fine
for liquids), and with no spill-products
reaching the site’s process or storm
sewer systems. All dust-collector
failures will be deemed to have led to
a release of more than 5 kg of solids.
Single neighborhood complaint without
precedent.
Likely minor regulatory agency
inspection finding, without fine.
GRAVEDAD
L M A C
Leve Media Alta Catastrófica
1 Frecuente 3 2 1 1
PROBABILIDAD
2 Posible 3 3 2 1
3 Improbable 3 3 3 2
Sumamente
4 3 3 3 2
improbable
Los límites entre las tres zonas traducen la política de seguridad de Innophos.
REDUCCIÓN DE RIESGO
Cuando el nivel del riesgo no es aceptable el grupo de trabajo define medios de prevención y/o protección para reducirlo:
Prevención = disminución de la probabilidad de que ocurra un acontecimiento
Protección = disminución de la gravedad de las consecuencias del acontecimiento
Un medio de prevención se caracteriza por su tasa de indisponibilidad Ti, que es la posibilidad de que falle cuando se lo
acciona.
Gravedad
L M A C
Leve Media Alta Catastrófica
Probabilidad
3
Improbable 3 3 3 2 Cadena de seguridad
instrumental
4
Sumamente
improbable
3 3 3 3
Un medio humano se puede considerar como una barrera solamente si, en el momento del
acontecimiento, se satisfacen los cuatro puntos siguientes:
Presencia de un operador entrenado
Existencia de una medición de la variable con alarma cerca del operador
Un registro de seguridad escrito para el escenario examinado
Tiempo disponible suficiente para realizar las medidas previstas en las consignas