METHODOLOGY

The methodology for the study is defined as the permanent information

which is gathered in order to analyze the research problem. It enhances the
researcher’s ability and serves as a guide to project a blueprint of a research
undertaken. The research methodology involves systematic procedures by which
the researcher starts from initial identification of the problem to it’s final
conclusion.
The study conducts to research effectiveness of structured teaching
program on knowledge regarding haemodialysis among 2ndBsc and 2nd GNM
students, Nagarjuna College of Nursing, Kanuru, Vijayawada.
This chapter deals with abrief description of the different steps undertaken
by the investigator of the study. It includes
Research approach, Research Design, Variable setting, Population,Sample,
Sample size, Sampling technique, Development of tool, Description of tool,
Content Validity, Pilot study, Data collection and Plan for Data Analysis.
Research approach
Research approach is the most essential part of the research. The entire
study is base on it. The researcher found that the evaluation of research approach
was the best applied research as evaluator research is an applied form of research
that involves the how well a program, practice procedure or policy is working.
In view of problem selected on objectives to be achieved quantitative was
considered appropriate for the study.
The study is intended to evaluate effectiveness of structured teaching
program on knowledge regarding haemodialysis. Therefore, the research
approach for the study is quantitative approach.
Research design
Quasi experimental design.
One group pre test and post test design.
*VARIABLES
 Variables are the characteristics that vary among the subjects being
studied.
*INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
The Independent variable is the intervention or a treatment that the one
who is doing the research will perform to see the result in change in the
dependent variable.
The independent variable intended for the study is Structured Teaching
Programme.
DEPENDENT VARIABLE
Dependent variable is the outcome and the independent is the presume
cause for resulting effect on the dependent variable.
The dependent variable in this study was Knowledge regarding
Haemodialysis.

DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLE
The demographic variable in this study are age, sex, religion, qualification,
dietary intake, family history of kidney related disease, area of living.

*POPULATION
Population is defined as the entire set of individuals or objects having some
common characteristics. Population refers to total category fo study established
by the researcher.
The population criteria establishes the target population and accessible
population. Target population is the population that the researcher wishes to
study about , which the researcher wishes to make generalization.
The target population is the study are the nursing students of 2nd BSC and
2nd GNM of Nagarjuna College of Nursing ,Kanuru ,Vijayawada.
*SAMPLE AND SAMPLE SIZE
A sample is a subject of population selected to participate on the study. It is the
set of elements that make up the population.
In this study, ___ 2ndBsc students and ___ GNM students studying in
Nagarjuna College of Nursing, Kanuru, Vijayawada are selected for the study.
*SAMPLING
It is the process of selecting the representative unit of a population for the study
in a research.
It is the process of selecting a subset of population in order to obtain
information from the entire population.
*SAMPLING CRITERIA
INCLUSIVE CRITERIA :
1. Students of 2ndBsc and 2nd GNM studying in Nagarjuna college of Nursing.
2. Students who are willing to participate in the study.
EXCLUSIVE CRITERIA :
1. Students who are not willing to participate in the study.
2. Students who are absent in the time of data collection.

*SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
It is the process of selecting the sample.
The sampling technique is purposive sampling technique.
*SETTING
Setting is the physical location and specific place where the data collection
occurs based on the nature of research.
The study was conducted in the Nagarjuna College of Nursing,
Kanuru,Vijayawada.
*DEVELOPMENT OF TOOL
 Data is a plural of datum which means information that systematically
collected in the course of study. The various technique of data gathering involve
use of appropriate recording forms. These are called tools or instruments.
“Basavanthappa”
The investigator developed a semi wod well administered questionnaire to
see theknowledge regarding prevention of intravenous cannula.related infections
of the nursingpersonnel.
The following up were carried out for preparing the tool
1. Review of related literature,
2. Preparation of blueprint
3. Expert opinion
4. Investigator's personal experience
5. Item construction
6. Translation of tool
7. .Final preparation of tool
*DESCRIPTION OF THE TOOL
The data was collected by structured questionnaire to anoss the knowledge
regardingprevention of intravenous cannula related infections among nursing
personnel. The tool wasdivided into four sections.

SECTION 1: It consists of 7 items to ascertain demographic data with regard to

age, gender, religion, educational qualification, dietary intake,family history and
sources of information.
SECTION 2: It comprises of 6 objective type multiple choice questions regarding
anatomy and physiology of kidney.
SECTION 3: It consists 4 objective type multiple choice questions regarding
Chronic Kidney Disease.
SECTION 4:: It consists 20 objective type multiple choice questions
regardinghaemodialysis and nurses roles.
SCORING KEY: Scoring key was prepared for section 1 by coding the demographic
variables.
For section 2 each correct answer was given a score of 1 and0 for wrong answer.
Thus, atotal of 30 marks were allotted for 30 items. To interpret the level
ofknowledge, the scores weredistributed as follows:
INTERPRETATION OF TOOL

GRADES KNOWLEDGE SCORE PERCENTAGE

Inadequate 0-10 <33%
Moderate 11-20 34-66%
Adequate 21-30 >66sss

CONTENT VALIDITY

Validity is the degree to which values on a set of scores are dispersed. The
reliability of the tool was a major criterion for assessing the quality and adequacy.
In index of the degree tool which an instrument is content valid, based on
aggregated ratings of a panel ofexperts both items and the overall scale content
validity can be assessed. The tool was evaluatedby the experts. The experts were
______ specialized in medical surgical nursing, ____ nursingexperts in the field of
Medical surgical nursing and Statistician from _______ College. Based on their
suggestions the reframing was done.

Content validity of the tool and intervention was obtained from the
expertsbelonging to various fields. The experts from medical surgical nursing,
statistician and nursinghave given suggestions and opinion.

SOURCE OF TOOL CONSTRUCTION

In this study, researcher has prepared the tool after gaining information from
literature, liketext books, journals and periodicals.
Reliability of the tool
Reliability is the degree of consistency or dependability with which
aninstrument measures an attribute. By using split half method formula
investigator assessed thereliability of the tool for the knowledge.

r = ∑xy

Reliability of the tool was ____ so, the tool was found to be highly reliable for
data collection.
Pilot Study
Pilot study is a trial run study conducted before the actual story in a different
populationwith similar characteristics. The pilot study was conducted
________________
A 40 samples were collected for day. The purpose of the study was explained and
written consent was obtained and study was conducted by using structure self
administeredmethod to assess the knowledge on Haemodialysisamong nursing
students. The tool consists of 30 questionnaire. It took about approximately 30
minutes for completion of the questionnaire and structured teaching programme.
Post Test was conducted after 7 days i.. on ______.
However the researcher has not need any difficulty during the data
collection process. The investigator thanked the participants. It revealed that
main study is feasible.

Main Study Data Collection Process

 The data collection for main study was done from _______________ (__
days) amongthe nursing students. Permission was obtained from the Principal of
Nagarjuna College of Nursing, Kanuru, Vijayawada.
The investigator administered the tool to the selected sample after taking
written consentto participate after introducing and explaining the purpose of the
study. Time to fill up the pretest questionnaire was 30 minutes given to the
respondents (nursing students) regarding theknowledge on haemodialysis.
Structured teachingprogramme regarding haemodialysis was 45 minutes givenon
the same day. After 1 week the investigator administered post test
knowledgequestionnaire onhaemodialyis. Per day 10 samples was taken for
datacollection.

However the researcher has not faced any difficulty during the data
collection process. The investigator thanked the participants.

Plan for data analysis

Collected data will be analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, the
following statisticsare used:

1. Descriptive statistics: Frequency, percentage distribution of the demographic

variables,Mean and standard deviation to assess the knowledge on
haemodialysis.
2. Inferential statistics
a) Chi-square test to find out the association between the knowledge and
selecteddemographic variables.

ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS

• Permission was obtained from research and ethical committee.

• Informed consent will be obtained from the study subject
• Confidentiality and anonymity of the subjects will be maintained
• A written permission from the concerned authorities will be obtained

SUMMARY

This chapter deals with the methods used in the research study like research
approach, research design, setting of the study, variables, population, sample
sample size, samplingtechnique, sampling criteria, development and description
of the tool, content validity, reliability,pilot study, plan for data analysis and
summary of the chapter.