John w.

stanifer 2017, conducted a study on to assess the knowledge and

attitudes on chronic kidney disease among adults from urban and rural
communities in Tanzainia. Cross sectional study was used among 606
participants. The tool consisted of 25 items to measure the knowledge and
attitude. 431 urban and 175 rural had scored low knowledge mean score
(3.28/10). Leaving in a urban setting and level of education at the strongest and
dependent associations with knowledge score. Attitudes were characterized by
frequent concerned about health(27.3%). Community based adults northern
Tanzania have limited knowledge of kidney disease. However there is a modest
knowledge base upon which to build health programs to expand awareness and
understanding of chronic kidney disease, but these programs must also consider
the variety of means by which adults in this population meet their health care
needs . finally ,our assessment of local attitudes suggested that such public
health efforts would be well received.

Hussain s, et al 2019 conducted a study to assess the knowledge of chronic

kidney disease among diabetes mellitus patients in INDIA . patients confirmed
with type 2 diabetes mellitus were included in the study. A validate
questionnares was used to assess the knowledge about chronic kidney disease.
Demographic characteristics were presented using descriptive statistics and
trends in groups were calculated using the chi-square test. A total of 323
patients completed the study. Only 33.43% of the patients correctly identified
diabetes and hypertension as risk factors for chronic kidney disease,while
44.27% were aware of the kidney functions.statistically significant associations
were observerd between kidney disease knowledge and education status
(P=0.004), socioeconomic status (P=0.003). the study reveals that poor
knowledge of chronic kidney disease among Indian type 2 diabetes mellitus pa

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Adejumo et al(2018) conducted on study to assess the knowledge of chronic
kidney disease among non nephrology nurse intakers , south west nigeria .cross
sectional descriptive study carried out among nurses 700 nurses participants in
the study male to female 1;3.7 ,mean duration 14.5-9.1 years.
Only 15%had nephrology poster during training 6% good knowledge 55%,fair
knowledge 37%,poor knowledge % .junior nurses better knowledge of chronic
kidney disease then senior nurses (p=0.004).nurses who had nephrology
position had higher knowledge score.
This were significant deficiencies in the knowledge of chronic kidney disease
among nurse who participate in the study.

NG CY ET AL (2016) conducted cross sectional study on knowledge of

Chronic Kidney Disease among medical outpatient clinic patients in Secondary
Hospital Malaysia. The Consecutive sampling of patients was performed and
self administered questionnaires containing demographic characteristics and
knowledge on Chronic Kidney Disease questions were given. 300 patients
participated, 174 (73.7 %) scored less than 4 out of 7 on knowledge of Chronic
Kidney Disease. Respondents who were younger, male, higher education have
higher mean knowledge score. The study suggests that Malaysian population is
still inadequately informed about Chronic Kidney Disease. More importance
should be placed on increasing awareness on Chronic Kidney Disease among
the at risk groups.

Rajeena et al (2018) conducted a study to assess the effectiveness of structured

teaching program on renal diet on haemodialysis patients attending tertiary care
centres. They selected single group pre test and post test experimental design.
60 samples are selected out of 250 patients attented in a month for present
study. Convenient sampling method was adopted for sampling technique.
Questionnaires containing 20 questions was used to assess the baseline

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knowledge of the samples. The study reveals that effectiveness of teaching
program was evident as 95% of population gain good knowledge regarding
Renal Diet on Chronic Kidney Disease after structured teaching program.

Literature Related to Hemodialysis

Mag da bayoumi et al (2010) conducted a study to assess the on quality of life
for patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in dialysis unit of Suez Canal
University Hospital, Germany. The aim was to improve self care and quality of
life of haemodialysis patients through structured teaching program. Cross
sectional design with pre post assessment was conducted among 50 patients
undergoing haemodialysis. Data was collected using Structured interview
questionnaires. The study reveals significant improvement in the course of
many domains of quality of life, p < 0.001, except the physical domain. The
statistically significant improvement predictors were program attendance,
dialysis duration and marital status.

Lydia et al., 2016 conductedA pre experimental study to assess the

effectiveness of SelfInstructional Module on knowledge and practices among
caregivers concerning the home care management of patients on hemodialysis.
Totally 60 samples were selected by using non-probability purposive sampling
technique. A pre-test was done through self structured questionnaire and self-
reported practices and self-instructional module was distributed and at the end,
conducted a post test. The result of this study showed, 50% of the subjects had
good knowledge, 45% of the subjects had average knowledge and 5% of the
subjects had a poor score and 78.3% of the subjects had good practice, 21.7% of
the subjects had average practice in the pre-test. Post test showed that the
knowledge and practice improved to 100%

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Mukesh et al., 2015 A pre experimental study was conducted to assess the
improvement in competency regarding care at home through administration of
on instructional programme and information booklet. The researcher selected 45
samples. The researcher adopted non probability convenient sampling technique
and collected the data with the help of structured knowledge questionnaire and
self-reported practice checklist. Then instructional programme was
administered. The results revealed that the mean difference of knowledge score
was statistically significant (‘t’=19.156), at 12 0.05 level of significance and the
mean difference in practice score was statistically significant at 0.05 level of
significance. The results of this study recommended that instructional
programme regarding home care was effective in increasing knowledge and
practice score among caregivers of Chronic Renal Failure patients. The study
was finalised that by educating the caregivers of Chronic Renal Failure patients
about the importance of specialized care, which will help in providing optimum
care

Golnar et al., 2015 conducted A randomized clinical trial to assess the

effectiveness of educational programme on the “quality of life” of family
caregivers of patients undergoing hemodialysis. The researcher selected 76
samples. The intervention group had 4 sessions on home care training program
during 2 weeks and the control group received the routine training at the centre.
Both groups answered demographic information and “quality of life” (SF-36)
questionnaire before and 6 weeks after the intervention. Then, the obtained data
were analyzed in SPSS, 21. Descriptive statistics, the Chi-square and Fisher
exact test, as well as independent sample t-test, t couple and Mann-Whitney U
test were used to analyzed the data. The results showed that the majority of
caregivers (54%) were in the age range of 35-55years. Majority 68.4% were
female and 70% were married. No significant difference was found between the
baseline mean scores of “quality of life” of the intervention and the control

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groups (45.95+14.94 Vs 45.08+11.02, p=0.775). However, the mean scores of
quality of life of the intervention group increased at the end of the study and the
2 groups were significantly different in this regard (63.51+11.55 Vs
41.74+10.51, p<0.001). the study concluded that was effective in improving the
quality of life and compatibility with the responsibility of caregivers and change
their lifestyle. Hence, the researcher suggested that managers of educational and
medical center encourage their staffs to use such programs for improving the
caregivers’ health

Rashmi, 2016 conducted A quantitative pre experimental study to assess the

effectiveness of self-instructional module on self care among patients of
Chronic
Renal Failure who are undergoing hemodialysis. Purposive sampling technique
was used by the researcher in selecting 60 samples from sahara hospital,
Lucknow. The data wascraollected by structured knowledge questionnaire. The
researcher distributed Self Instructional module and finally post test conducted.
The score tests indicated 13 that 36.66% of patients had good knowledge score
and 63.33% had average knowledge score. After providing the self-instructional
module on care among patients receiving hemodialysis, the results showed that
the mean value of knowledge score in pre-test mean is 52.66% and knowledge
score in post-test mean is 80%. Hence the researcher based on the above
findings, concluded that self-instructional module has helped to improve the
knowledge of the patients who are on hemodialysis regarding self care.

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