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1. Microfilament
CELL DIVISION
2. Centriole
- Come from reproduction of existing cells
3. Nucleus PROKARYOTES
4. Ribosomes - The first cells
5. Lysosomes - Lack of nucleus or membrane-bound organelles
6. Golgi apparatus - Simplest type of cell
7. Rough endoplasmic reticulum - Bacteria
- Single, circular chromosome
8. Mitochondrion
9. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
HISTORY OF CELLS
VIRCHOW- cell specialization
-examine a thin slice of cork (dead plant cells that looks like
small boxes)
EUKARYOTES
- Cells that HAVE a nucleus and membrane-bound
Rudolph Virchow (1855) organelles
- German MEDICAL DOCTOR / he observes that cells - Includes protists, fungi, plants, and animals
are deviding - More complex type of cells
- All cells come from other pre-existing cells EUKARYOTIC CELL
CENTRIOLES
Found only in animal cells
Paired structures near nucleus
Made of bundle of microtubules ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
Appear during cell division forming mitotic spindle Has ribosomes on its surface
Help to pull chromosome pairs apart to opposite Makes membrane proteins and proteins for export
ends of the cell out of cell
Controls the normal activities of the cell
MITOCHONDRION (PLURAL –MITOCHONDRIA) Contains the DNA in chromosomes
“Powerhouse” of the cell Bounded by a
Generate cellular energy (ATP) nuclear envelope (membrane) with pores
More active cells like muscle cells have MORE Usually the largest organelle
mitochondria
Both plants & animal cells have mitochondria
FUNCTIONS OF THE SMOOTH ER Materials are transported from Rough ER to Golgi to the
Makes membrane lipids (steroids) cell membrane by VESICLES
Regulates calcium (muscle cells)
Destroys toxic substances (Liver)
LYSOSOMES
Contain digestive enzymes
ENDOMEMBRANE SYSTEM Break down food, bacteria, and worn out cell parts
for cells
Programmed for cell death (APOPTOSIS)
Lyse & release enzymes to break down & recycle
cell parts)
LYSOSOME DIGESTION
Cells take in food by phagocytosis
Lysosomes digest the food & get rid of wastes
CHOLOROPLASTS
Found only in producers (organisms containing
chlorophyll)
Use energy from sunlight to make own food
(glucose)
Energy from sun stored in the Chemical Bonds
of Sugars
Surrounded by DOUBLE membrane
Outer membrane smooth
Inner membrane modified into sacs called
Thylakoids
Thylakoids in stacks called Grana & interconnected
Stroma – gel like material surrounding thylakoids