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Set
• It is a collection of objects called elements or members of the set.
• Set braces, { }, are used to enclose the elements.

SETS • Finite set – countable elements

• Infinite set – all elements cannot be listed
• Empty or null set, denoted by { } or ∅, indicates that the set contains no
elements.

Rogelio D. Rasay III, LPT, MAT-Math, Ed.D.

Ways of Writing a Set Sets of Numbers

Set-builder notation or rule method describes a set. • Complex (a + bi)
Ex. {x l x is a natural number less than 4} • Real {x l x is a rational number or an irrational number}

read as “the set of all x’s such that x is a natural number less than 4” • Imaginary (bi)
𝑝
• Rational { l p and q are integers, q ≠ 0}
𝑞

Roster or listing method enumerates the elements of a set • Irrational {x l x is a real number that is not rational}
Ex. {1, 3, 5, 7, 9} • Integers {…, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, …}
• Whole {0, 1, 2, 3, …}
• Natural {1, 2, 3, 4, …}

Drill 1 Set Operations

I. Write each set by listing its elements.
1. {x l x is a natural number less than 6} • Intersection 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = 𝑥 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐵
2. {z l z is an integer greater than 4} • Union 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 = 𝑥 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐴 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐵
3. {a l a is an even integer between 2 & 15} • Complement 𝐴 = 𝑥 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑎𝑛 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐴
• Difference 𝐴 − 𝐵 = 𝑥 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑎𝑛 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐵
II. Write each set by set-builder notation.
1. {2, 4, 6, 8}
2. {11, 12, 13, 14}
3. {…, -6, -3, 0, 3, 6, …}

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1. In the 35 barangays of Tuburan City, 8 cities do not have any pollution, 18

have water pollution and 11 have air pollution.
2. There were 50 respondents of a survey conducted by Ms. Macatabang. The
following information were gathered. 34 likes Spaghetti, 31 likes Lasagna, 19
likes Carbonara, 13 likes both Spaghetti and Carbonara, 12 likes both
Lasagna and Carbonara and 6 likes all three pasta dishes.