GE – 6
MUSIC APPRECIATION
Alliah Erika S. Doydora
Medieval Period
 Gregorian Chant: Dies Irae
- Chant to organum
 Anon: Estampie
 Perotin: Alleluia: Nativitas - Organum
 Franceso Landin: Ecco la Primavira –
Trovadoures
 Guillaume de Machaut – Notre Dame
Mass Agnus Dei
Rennaisance
 Josquin Desprez Ave Maria Virgo
Serena: Motet
- Witten in honor of the Virgin Mary
- Used for church/ for interlude
- Rhetorical text: spiritual unity
- Clear imitation, highest to lowest
voices, polyphonic (4)
- Latin – derived from a poem
- Imitation & 4-part vocal ensemble
1. Imitative polyphony
2. Alternate between polyphonic
and homophonic lines
lyrically repetitive
- Accompanied or used in liturgical
service, counter information of
Martin Luther (“Christian chant”)
- Mass (5 sections): 1. Kyrie Elieson,
Kristi Elieson 2. Gloria 3. Santos
(Sanctus & Benedictus) 4. Lamb of
God (Agnus Dei) 5. Credo
 Giovanni Pierluigi da Palistrina:
Pope Marcellus Mass, Kyrie –
Renaissance Mass
- Polyphonic choral music
- “imitative” polyphony and
homophonic in which the basic
melodies and thus, their words are
stated clearly in a single voice
- cantus firmus (a simple melody
usually derived from a preexisting
Gregorian chant).
- Mass: Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus
(Sanctus & Benedictus) & Agnus
Dei
 Thomas Weelkes: As Vesta Was
Descending: Madrigal
- collection of madrigals, including
“As Vesta…” written in honor of
Queen Elizabeth I
- madrigals by different composers
- Genre: Madrigal
- “long live fair Oriana”
- simple rhythms - dupic
- clear harmonies
- harmonious chords are heard;
melodies – lively but they also
become as the pitch progresses
- texture: homophonic but it gets
polyphonic at place; imitative
- crisp, engaging melodic motives
- accurate declamation
- frequent word painting
- through-composed (paratactic)
form
- metric
 Thomas Morley: Now is the Month of
Maying: Madrigal
- Performed during spring
- Tonality: major key
- Tempo: allegro (lively)
- Mood: joyful
- Rhythmic feature: 4/4 time
signature; upbeat; dotted rhythms
- Genre: Balleto (light-hearted secular
English song)
- Strophic; 2 contracting sections;
Rhythmic & mixed voice; treble
- Morley seems to use more of a
chordal, almost homophonic
texture rather than imitation
- Meant for entertainment
 L’Orfeo-Claudio Monteverdi: “Tu Se
Morta”
- First Opera music
- English: You are Dead
- Selection – Tu se morta
- Form – Opera/ through-
composed
- Arioso – tuneful then recitative
 - Timbre – voices, strings, basso
continuo
- Melody – one voice, text about
woman that dies from poisonous
snake bite
- Harmony – simple, mourning
- Dynamics – no gradual changes,
low key, very passionate
- Texture - polyphonic, with
closing from the choir
- Rhythm/Tempo – simple and slow,
minor increase in tempo
- Two Key Characteristic’s of Stylistic
Period
1. emotional and theatrical qualities
2. feeling of continuity
BAROQUE PERIOD
 Johann Sebastian Bach: “The Little”
Organ Fugue in G Minor
- Form:Fugue
- Texture: polyphonic music
- The key of G minor, sometimes
associated with sadness, is used
extensively in the cantata, which
sets Psalm 130, one of the
penitential psalms
 Antonio Vivaldi (introduced concerto
grezzum): “Spring” from the Four
Season
- String instruments (programmed
music) – eventually became
orchestra
- In the Summer piece, it was a
polyphonic texture, contained both
crescendos and decrescendos, had
an upbeat tone color.
- Autumn was more relaxed but still
aspiring. It had a ritornello form and
a homophonic texture.
- Winter had a darker tone color. It
was also played in the ritornello
form and contained leaps in the
melodic motion and fast steps that
led to jagged and complex tunes in
the melody. It was also a
homophonic texture.
- Spring piece was polyphony in
texture with short melodies that
were complex. In Ritornello form,
means “returning”.
- A song about the four seasons
which included a series of poems
describing each season’s event.
 George Frideric Handel: “Hallelujah
Chorus” from Messiah (oratorio
book – smaller)
- A song written during his hard times
which helped him over it
- Texture: homophony,
monophony, polyphony (varies),
all kinds of texture
- Form: through composed
(chorus)
- Finished the whole book in 24 days
– just fasting, commissioned
- Almost 400 pages composition
- 3 parts: Old Testament, New
Testament and Judgement Day
 Johann Sebastian Bach: Minuet in G
- Texture: polyphonic
- Form: ABA Ternary
- Minute - “dance” mi- small
- Graceful movements
 J S Bach: Jesu Joy of Man’s
Desiring
- Usually played during the advent
season
- Texture: homophonic
- Form: Chorale and Ritornello
CLASSICAL PERIOD
 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Piano
Sonata in A.K. 331. Theme &
Variation
- Sonata form
- 3 – movement sonata for solo piano
- 3rd movement – Turkish style
- 1st movement -andante grazioso
- 2nd movement – menuetto (minuet &
trio)
- 3rd movement – allegretto grazioso
(sonata-rondo)
 Ludwig Van Beethoven: Symphony
No. 5
- Form: symphony
- 4 movement
 - 1. Allegro con brio ( C minor) -
sonata form
- 2. Andante con moto (Ab major) -
double variation form (theme and
variations form)
- 3. Scherzo: Allegro – ternary form
- ABA (consisting of a scherzo
and trio)
- 4. Allegro – Presto (c Major) –
temporarily compressed form,
includes a very long coda -sonata
form
 Franz Joseph Hayden: Serenade Op.
No. 3
- Father of Symphony
- 6 string quarter
- first movement - “Allegro,” is in
sonata form.
- second movement, “Poco
adagio, cantabile” (“Rather Slow,
Songlike”), uses the elegant
“Emperor’s Hymn” as a basis for
variations
- third movement, “Menuetto
allegro,” is a dance form. The
quartet closes with a sometimes
strident, sometimes lilting,
- invariably dramatic “Finale:
presto,” again in sonata form.
 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart:
EineKleine Nachmusik Serenade No.
13
- first movement opens with a
bright allegro in sonata form,
has a homophonic texture.
- 2nd movement, which is inscribed
with romance, was composed in a
three-part song form (A-part, B-
part and shortened A-part with
final coda. Structure: rondo-like,
with opening section (A) recurring.
A and B sections in rounded binary
form.
- 3rd - in minuet and trio form,
homophonic
- 4th - rondo and sonata-allegro,
homophonic
 Ludwig Van Beethoven: Symphony
No. 9 choral Conclusion; Ode to Joy
- Symphony – instrumental only
- Beethoven: important composer
who opened the idea of
Romanticism (Romantic Period)
- Orchestral work; 4 movements
- 1st – sonata form, 2nd – scherzo
and trio, 3rd – double variation
form, 4th – theme and variations
form
- 4th movement: taken from the
"Ode to Joy", a poem written by
Friedrich Schiller in 1785 and
revised in 1803, with text additions
made by Beethoven
- Part symphony and part oratori
- Deaf – LV lost his hearing
 L V Beethoven: Moonlight Sonata
- Piano Sonata No. 14 C Sharp Minor
Opos No.2
- Sonata Almost like a fantasy
- Dedicated to Giuliette Guicciardi, 17
yr old pupil
- Influenced by Giovanni and Mozart
- 1st – adagio sostenuto – modified
sonata-allegro form
- 2nd – allegretto – scherzo and trio
- 3rd – presto agitato – sonata form
 W A Mozart: Queen of the Night from
the Magic Flute
- Story of the queen and prince
- aria
- Opera in 2 acts
- Singspiel – popular form which
includes both singing and
spoken dialogue
- noted for its prominent Masonic
elements
 W A Mozart: Variation on K 265 Ah
Vous Dirai-ji Maman
- “Twelve variations”, English : Ah,
Mother, if I could tell you
- French folk song
- Around 25 songs
- Variation – timbre, counterpoint etc.
- 1. Basic
- 2. Variation
- Solo piano
- Form: theme and variations
- Texture: clear and unambiguous
homophony
 W A Mozart: Symphony No. 40 last
movement
- 1st – molto allegro (very fast and
lively)
- 2nd – andante (a slow movement)
- 3rd – Menuetto Allegretto (a minuet
dance form) – minuet nd trio
- 4th – allegro assai (fast and lively)
- Sonata form (1st, 2nd, 4th)
- End w/ Homophonic texture
 L V Beethoven: Fur Elise (Bagatelle
in A minor)
- Discovered 40 yrs after his death
- “Fur therese” – Therese mAlfatti –
- Bagatelle No. 25
- 5 part rondo – A-B-A-C-A
(homophonic)
ROMANTIC
 Frederic Chopin: Nocturne in Eb
- Op. 9, No, 2
- Song of the Night
- Nocturne – piano piece
- Homophonic
- musical form is ABA, or ternary
- A part is usually in a dream mood,
whereas the B part is more of
dramatic content and overall the
mood is melancholic.
- ROBATO – extended value of notes
 Sergei Rachmaninoff: Rhapsody on
a Theme of Paganini
- Written for Solo piano and
symphony orchestra)
- Allegro vivache
- Inspired by Paganini’s work
- Set of 24 variations
- Variation form
- texture is thick and chordal.
 Peter Ilych Tchaikovsky: Dance of
the Sugar Plum Fairy from The
Nutcracker Suite
- homophonic, moving toward
polyphonic.
- Constant crescendo and
decrescendo
- Form: Both in ternary: A-B-A
- Ballet music form
- : Large orchestra with some special
instruments: celesta
 Giuseppe Fortunino Francesco
Verdi: Aida
- Contrapuntal texture
- Triumphal march
 George Bizet: Habanera from
Carmen
- Homophonic texture
- Very free in form
- Festive music
- Carmen, the cigarette girl falls in
love with corporal Don Jose, but
after she meets the strong torero
Escamillo, she abandons Don Jose
and falls for the torero. Don Jose is
demoted to a normal soldier
because he sets Carmen for free,
but he loses Carmen at the end. In
the final act, Don Jose kills Carmen
after he fails for begging her love in
front of the people coming out from
the abattoir.
- Gypsy music cstyle – vivid rhythms
 Giacomo Antonio Puccini TUSCA
- Performed by Luigi
- Pera
- Through-composed
 Giacomo Antonio Puccini: Nessun
Dorma from “Turandot”
- Tenor aria
- “Let no one sleep”
- It is sung by Calaf, il principe ignoto
(the unknown prince), who falls in
love at first sight with the beautiful
but cold Princess Turandot.
However, any man who wishes to
wed Turandot must first answer her
three riddles; if he fails, he will be
beheaded. In the aria, Calaf
expresses his triumphant assurance
that he will win the princess.
-
20TH CENTURY – MODERN POP
 Claude Debussy: Clair de Lune
- Form: ternary form, or three part
form. (ABA)
 - Impressionistic music – expresses
feeling
- Homophonic texture
 Maurice Ravel: Bolero
- set of 18 variations on an original
two-part theme—
- in C major, 3/4 time, beginning
pianissimo and rising in a
continuous crescendo to fortissimo
possibile (as loud as possible). It is
built over an unchanging ostinato
rhythm played on one or more
snare drums that remains constant
throughout the piece:
 Igor Stravinsky: Sacrificial Dance
- Was affected of WWI
- Expresses about anger and pain
- Expressionist
- Ballet and orchestra
- Form: Sectional (A-B-A'-C-A-D-E-
F-G-A''-F')
- The Chosen One dances to death in
the presence of the old men, in the
great “Sacrificial Dance”.
 George Gershwin: Excerpt from
Rhapsody in Blue
- Solo piano and Whiteman’s band
- Harmonic structure
- Influenced by jazz
 Khachaturian Sabre Dance
- From Gayane Ballet
- Dance of the Kurds"
- n A and B sections, followed by a
bridge, a return of the A section,
and then a coda
- homophonic
- the theme for the celebration of
Gayane's and Kasakov's wedding,
the music is expressing a Russian
celebration of music and happiness.
Khaturian uses Gayane to express
pariotism to his country during the
time of war.
 Michael Dadap: Dandansoy
- Folk song – Ilonggo, Bacolod –
Maskara Fest
- About the boy who want to go to his
hometown
- Confused with Kundansoy
- lullaby
 John Denver: Take Me Home
- Homophonic
- has a prominent status as an iconic
symbol of West Virginia, which it
describes as "almost Heaven".
- ABABCB
 Aaron Copland: Appalachian Spring
- divided into 14 movements
- orchestral suite
- 8 Sections:
- 1st – very slow part
- 2nd – fast/allegro
- 3rd – moderate
- 4th – quite fast
- 6th – very slowly
- 7th -calm and flowing (doppio
movimento)
- 8th – moderate
- Homophonic and polyphonic
- Episodic nature of ballet
- Slowness: peacefulness of the
countryside, tenderness, love,
calmness
- Fast tempos: joy, dancing, fear,
excitement
 John Philip Sousa (March King) -
Military Band of the Officer: The
Stars and Stripes Forever
- Magnus opus (master piece)
- National march (US America)
- U.S. military march form—of
repeated phrasing of different
melodies performed in sections
called strains: a Sousa legacy.
 John Williams: Star Wars
- Form and structure: fanfare,
introduction, A-A-B-A, link,
codetta
- The two textures in the opening
music are:
- fanfare imitation between lower
and upper brass
- melody-dominated homophony
throughout
 John Williams: Titanic (James
Horner: My Heart Will Go On)
 Elvis Presley Rock N’ Roll Medley
- Arrangement are simple
- Feels spontaneous and fun
- strophic
 Ryan Cayabyab: Limang-dipang Tao
 Ryan Cayabyab: Paraiso
 Lucio San Pedro – Sa Mahal Kung
Bayan
 Parokya ni Edgar: Pumapatak Na
Naman ang Ulan
 Michael Jackson: BEN
- King of pop
- Most cultural figure
- composed by Walter Scharf for the
1972 film of the same name (the
sequel to the 1971 killer rat film
Willard)
- piano – add color
- guitar – melody
- standard rhythm
 Madonna: Like A Virgin
- " is a dance-oriented song,
composed of two hooks.
 Nicanor Abelardo: Mutya ng Pasig
 Sugarfree: Batang Bata Ka Pa

Note:
Homophonic form
- Rondo
- Theme and variations
- Minute and trio form