Asp NPL Kat46

Nepal Red Cross Society
Disaster Management Department

Central Office
Kathmandu, Nepal
Earthquake Preparedness for Safer Communities Programme
Report on
VULNERABILITY & CAPACITY ASSESSMENT
In
46 Wards of Kathmandu valley
Bhktapur Madhya Thimi Kathmandu Kirtipur Lalitpur Sub

Municipality Municipality Metropolitan city Municipality Municipality
Ward No. 2 Ward No. 3 Ward No. 2 Ward No. 8 Ward No. 1
Ward No. 9 Ward No. 14 Ward No. 16 Ward No. 8
Ward No. 12 Ward No. 16 Ward No. 18 Ward No. 9
Ward No. 13 Ward No. 21 Ward No. 11
Ward No. 14 Ward No. 23 Ward No. 12
Ward No. 27 Ward No. 13
Ward No. 34
Contents:
1. Background Information 3
2. Prevalent Risks and Hazards 3
3. Vulnerability Condition 4
4. Existing Capacities and Coping Mechanisms 5
5. Key Findings 5
6. Recommendations: 7
7. Annex:
• Table 1: Hazard Matrix 8
• Table 2 Historical Profile (Timeline of Disaster) 28
• Table 3: Vulnerability Matrix 31
• Table 4: Capacity Matrix 47
• Table 5: Seasonal Calender 66
• Details of Vulnerability 68
• Table 6: Stakeholder analysis 69
• Table 7: Livelihood matrix 81
• Table 8: Problem and Solution Matrix 83
• Table 9:Disaster Ranking Matrix 94
• Model of Problem Tree 95
2
Background Information:
Kathmandu Valley is in the Central region and consists of three districts, Kathmandu, Lalitpur and
Bhaktapur, which include One Metropolitan, One Sub Metropolitan and three municipalities, namely
Kathmandu, Lalitpur, Bhaktapur, Madhyapur Thimi and Kirtipur respectively. The Vulnerable and
capacity Assessment (VCA) was conducted in 46 wards in these cities of Kathmandu valley. In
Kathmandu Metropolitan city 14 wards (2,10,12,15,16,18,21,23,27,28,29,30,31 and 34), in Kirtipur
Municipality 4 wards (8,9,11 and 16), in Bhktapur Municipality 8 wards (5,7,8,9,12,13, 14 and 16),
in Madhya Thimi Municipality 6 wards (3,6,8,10,14 and 16) and in Lalitpur Sub Metropolitan city 13
wards (1,3,6,7,8,9,11,12,13,16,20,21 and 22) were selected to conduct VCA survey in which
Earthquake Preparedness for Safer Community Programme (EPC) programme was implemented by
Nepal Red Cross Society.
The total population of 46 wards covered by EPC programme is 576,172 in which 273,204 (47.4%)
are Female and 320,968 (52.5%) are male based on the base line survey conducted by the EPC
Programme. In the Bhaktapur District, 8 wards are covered with EPC programme. There are total
58,810 individuals in which 29,833 are female and 28,977 are male. The average Households
recorded is 442. Similarly in 14 wards of Kathmandu District, there are 4, 19,431 individuals in which
1, 91,323 are female and 2, 28,108 are male occupying 8494 Households in average. Similarly in 13
wards of Lalitpur district, there are 97,931 individuals with 52,048 female and 45,883 male. The
average household is 1588. The average disable persons in these 46 Wards are 14.
The average altitude of the Kathmandu valley is 1320 m ranging from 1200 to 2300 m from MSL and
found warm temperate climate. In the Kathmandu Valley (46 wards) , which is representative of its
valley's climate, the average summer temperature varies from 28–32 °C and the winter temperature
goes to minus 2°C. Rainfall is mostly monsoon-based (June- August). The average rainfall in
Kathmandu valley calculated is 1400 mm. The majority of people from these Wards are Newar,
followed by Chhetri, Bramhan and Dalit, Sarki, Magar as a minority. But now many ethnic groups are
migrating from other districts of Nepal and found mixed ethnic groups in Kathmandu valley. Hindu
and Buddhist is the main religion with Christian as a minor found in theses Wards of Kathmandu
Valley. These Wards have no more rivers and stream but the main source of water is supplied by
Government, deep tub well boring, shallow wells and springs.
Most of the people are involved in agriculture and Business as the main livelihood, supplemented
daily labor, carpenter, Service, and foreign job. The income from agriculture is not sufficient for the
whole year due to different disasters. The agricultural land is being converted into a concrete
jungle, Even though the Government of Nepal implemented a Land use plan but not strictly applied.
The space allocated for the emergency evacuation are also encroaching rapidly.
Prevalent Risks and Hazards
Kathmandu valley faces a numerous disasters including Natural as well as manmade. From the
response during survey, the major Natural disasters experienced by 46 Wards of Kathmandu valley
were earthquake followed by fire and the minor disasters as landslide and storm. The effect of flood
is very low. The manmade disasters recorded are epidemic and road accident. Theses disasters may
happen in the future if the appropriate risk reduction measures are not planned and implemented.
The perception of the community people are based on their previous experience and the expected
disaster may happen in the futures.
3
The prevalent disaster that responded from the community people from 46 Wards of Kathmandu
Valley is Earthquake. The major reasons of the huge destruction in the Kathmandu valley will be
geophysical condition, unmanaged construction of houses ignoring the implementation of
earthquake measures and communities’ traditional perception about the earthquake. In the 46
Wards, most of the houses are old, weak in construction, constructed with mud mortar and attached
with each other. The elder people experienced the earthquake disaster occurred in B.S 1990 and
saw the devastating hazards caused many lives and destroyed huge property. It is forecasted that
even huge earthquake disaster will happen in future that will destroy 60% of the lives and 80% of
the physical property.
The second prevalent disaster is fire. Fire is recurring disaster caused by mainly negligence of the
people and short circuit of electricity. These fires cause economic losses and environmental
degradation throwing dedicates ecosystems out of balance. It is also threatening valuable and
endangered flora and fauna, degrading the soil and inducing flood and landslide. Most of the houses
are old having CGI sheet and mud tile roofs which are susceptible to fire. Some houses are found
thatch roof. These houses are built in a group and continuously attached. Though, the inhabitants
were using fire wood and thatch as cooking materials, now most of them changed their habits and
are using LPG gas and electricity. Lack of knowledge and skills to operate these equipment’s, fire
disaster may happen. Another reason of fire disaster is the old electric wiring and heavy storm in the
months of March to May.
The third major and frequent, manmade disaster occur in the Kathmandu valley is road accident.
The urbanization of the Wards adjacent to the Kathmandu valley is in rapid which demanded the
transport facilities. The vehicles are being imported in Kathmandu valley in huge number. Lack of
length of road network, unmanaged Traffic operation, and narrow width of road could not
accommodate the huge number of vehicles. Even though, the drivers and pedestrian’s attitude do
not change. The driver drives fast in any situation and pedestrian cross the road without seeing the
approaching vehicles.
The fourth major manmade disaster is epidemic as identified from the response of the community
people from 46 Wards. The main reason of the epidemic is the supply of turbid water in rainy
season and use of water from well, spring and deep tube well. The dysentery and diarrhea is
common in the rainy season in these areas. Other epidemic disease is the burning of eye
(conjunctivitis) when the climate changes abruptly. Generally in dry season the disease spread in a
community.
Vulnerability Condition
The elements at risk due to Natural and Manmade disaster identified by the community people of 46
Wards are Human, Physical, infrastructures, organizational and attitudinal vulnerability. The
physical and infrastructural vulnerability observed in the community are prevalent by the social,
Organizational and attitudinal vulnerability factors. Earthquake disaster affects full range of loss
from royalty to poor. Earthquake treats every one equally. However, the poor and disadvantage
group of the society are the most vulnerable. It is necessary to bring these communities in the
groups so that they can collectively involve in the risk reduction.
The Wards have physical and organizational capacity to cope the disasters but there coverage area
is very less. The main occupation of the community people is agriculture having productive soil but
4
they are using traditional method leads to the less production. It is analyzed that the community
have many organizations and cooperative but they are working in small area and targeted to a
specific group of the community for the specific purpose. They are not using the fund in the Disaster
preparedness. To improve the capacity to cope with the disaster and reduce the risk, it is essential to
organize the community in a group. The community groups and organizations in disaster
management are essential in sustaining the risk reduction process for the community to meet
intended aims and targets. The formation and strengthening of community disaster response,
organizations or community disaster management volunteer’s team is the key to mobilizing
communities for sustainable disaster risk reduction.
The community people are aware about some of the early warning system of disaster. Observing
abnormal behavior of the animals and twittering loudly of the birds indicates approaching
earthquake disaster. During the earthquake, the people shouted for help and rush to the open area.
However, the people have many misconceptions in their mind which makes them vulnerable. This is
due to the lack of knowledge and education about the disasters. Even the well-educated individual,
owner of the building acquires plot of land, organize, manage and supervise house construction in
the absence of experienced technical professionals ignoring introduction of earthquake resistance
measures. This makes the house vulnerable to the earthquake. This is due to the lack of awareness
and knowledge. Therefore, the vulnerable people should be prepared with the knowledge and skills
through the trainings and development of their capacity to cope with the disaster and change their
perception about the disasters.
Existing Capacities and Coping Mechanisms:

The communities have more or less capacities and coping mechanisms against disasters. The primary
factor of the capacity of the community people is the human resource. There are some organizations;
Government, schools, I/NGOs and CBOs but there impact in the disaster risk reduction is insignificant.
The community person mainly depends on the agricultural for their livelihood supplemented by business,
service, daily wages etc. for securing their needs for a whole year. They are capable to cope with the
disaster in some extent but due to the lack of awareness they are not taking it seriously. They have
money enough to change their CGI roof or mud tile roof into RCC roof to cope from the storm disaster,
but they don’t give any consideration on it. The community people in these Wards are predominant by
their traditional perception which makes the people more vulnerable against the disaster. They are
hopefully depends on the external sources to get the help to cope with disaster. Their capacity is only
limited to rescue operation. It is observed that when the disaster occurs then the people alert
themselves and start volunteering for the rescues rather than involving themselves in preparedness for
any kind of disaster. Now the Government has managed to strengthen the capacity of VDC office with
some rescue materials which is insufficient for the huge disaster. Some Social organization like Nepal Red
Cross Society has established its branch in many Wards and helping to cope the disaster in some extent.
However, the poor and disadvantage community people are very much dependent on external help to
cope with the prevailing hazards due to weak economic and livelihood opportunities. They become more
vulnerable, due to the imbalance between the existing vulnerability and their capacity.
Key Findings:
1. The community people are not aware of earthquake resisted house due to lack of knowledge.
5
2. The houses are constructed in haphazard manner, attached with each other’s and densely
populated. The houses are not strong enough, made with mud mortar and having CGI and
mud Tile roof. The people are not complaining with building codes. They are not capable to
adopt modern or appropriate technology that provide pre- information and warning about
the possible natural disasters.
3. The productive agricultural land is being converted in to concrete jungle and open space is
encroached which is valuable for the evacuation during disaster. The forest gets
deforestation and leads environmental degradation.
4. The community people have misconception about the theory of earthquake and other
disasters.
5. In most houses the electric wiring is deteriorated and needs new wiring.
6. The people are changing the cooking materials from fire wood and thatch with LPG gas,
electricity but carelessness handling due to insufficient knowledge.
7. The roads of the community have narrow width, number of vehicles increasing day by day
exceeding the carrying capacity of road.
8. Though there are traffic rules and regulations, the driver drives the vehicles in speed.
9. The community lacks safe drinking water which causes the epidemics and communicable
diseases.
10. Majority of the households are classified by the community as poor.
11. Despite domestic fires being seen as one of the hazard with wider coverage and frequent, no
firefighting training and fire units have been established in the community. The station of
the fire brigades are far.
12. The supply of drinking water by the government is rare. The people have to depend upon
existing spring, well and deep tubes well boring but these are not systematic and hygienic.
13. The exhibition of IEC materials related with Disaster and health must be included in the
planning to reflect the hazards in the community.
14. In majority of the houses in the community have toilets which eliminated the open
defecation and make the environment clean.
15. The community DRM plan needs to address small scale disaster-related problems through
community mobilization and requires regular simulation; the community should be involved
in the planning process and should be aware of the contents of the plan. The poor people and
marginalized, disadvantage people are encouraged to participate.
16. Income opportunities options should be analyzed and strengthened accordingly.
17. Evacuation routes and sites must be identified to evacuate people during events of disaster
occurrence.
18. While planning the development of the ward by the ward office, the disaster risk reduction
should be mainstreaming in the development plan. The planner never appraise natural
disasters while selecting development projects.
6
Recommendations:
• The outcome of this VCA report must be communicated to all stakeholders through the
coordination meeting inviting community people and duty bearers. It is also shared to the
VDC, DDC and other Governmental agencies including NGOs. CBOs so that the mitigation
measures can be corporate in the annual plan of the respective VDC.
• Develop the disaster risk management plan, aiming to mobilize optimum resources of the
community and external support from the programme and the government.
• The emergency fund must be established which helps in preparedness of disaster.
• There is need of strengthening opportunity for livelihood. From the VCA report it is
observed that after any disaster the community people felt that the livelihood options were
terminated. It is necessary to strengthen their livelihood opportunity to recover from
disaster. In this regard, Cooperative, bank or insurance company can help the victims.
• The coping mechanism should be included in the disaster Management Plan. It is seen that
the Disaster Management Plan is much more focused on structural management rather than
people’s participation. The Disaster Management plan must include the community
capabilities to deal with the disaster.
• There is need of rising awareness of the community on the impact of disaster. The IEC
materials, Trainings, Visual aids can improve the awareness of the households which
eliminates the misconception about the disaster.
• There is strictly need of introduction of building codes in the community. The house
construction should be allowed to supervise by the Engineer ensuring the introduction of
disaster resistant measures.
• After the Disaster, the more vulnerable groups are poor, marginalized and disadvantage.
Government should give more preferential attention in terms of assistance to these people.
7
Table 1: Hazard Matrix (hazard ranked according to the community perception of risk)
VDC Warning Speed of Impact of hazard to
Hazard Type Frequency Duration Element at risk
Ward sign onset the elements at risk
• Death
• People, 805 families
• Injury
• 70% Physical- Water
Abnormal • Displace
sources & distribution
behavior of • Destruction of
pipes- Well, Physical
birds and House,
Materials, Houses, 1/3rd
Animals ( Less than infrastructures
Earthquake Natural Fast Any Time of Land
Barking of 1 minute
• 505 Infrastructures-
dogs, Birds
Road, Communication,
tweeters
Health sub post, School,
loudly
Markets & Shop
• Livelihood
KTM
• 300 Death
Metro- • People
• 350 Injure
2 • Some Physical- Schools,
• Displace
Depend water supply, electricity
March • Burnt Physical
Fire Manmade Smoke Fast on obstruction,
,April- property -Houses,
situation • Some Infrastructures-
Physical Materials
• 1% Livelihood
• Burn
Infrastructures
• People • Jaundice, Diarrhea

Depends • Physical- Water sources and dysentery
June-July-
Epidemic Manmade sick Fast upon contaminated, • 600 Death, 249 sick
August
situation • close of schools
• 8000 Death
• People,
• 20000 Injury
Abnormal • Physical- Water sources
• Displace
behavior of & distribution pipes-
• Destruction of
birds and Well, Physical Materials,
House,
Animals ( Less than Houses, 1/3rd of Land
Earthquake Natural Fast Any Time infrastructures
Barking of 1 minute • Infrastructures- Road,
dogs, Birds Communication, Health
tweeters sub post, School,
KTM loudly Markets & Shop
Metro-
• 100% Livelihood
10
• 5000 Death
• 18000 People
• Injury
• Some Physical- Schools,
• Displace
Fire Manmade Smoke Fast on obstruction,
Physical Materials
• 1% Livelihood
• Burn
Infrastructures
• 1800 Death
• People,
• 3800 Injury
• Displace
• Destruction of
KTM House,
Metro- Earthquake Natural Fast Any Time infrastructures
Barking of 1 minute • 60% Infrastructures-
12
dogs, Birds Road, Communication,
tweeters Health sub post, School,
loudly Markets & Shop
• 100% Livelihood
8
• 280 Death
• 600 People
• Injure
• Displace
Fire Manmade smoke Fast on obstruction,150
situation Households
Physical Materials
• Some Infrastructures-
• Burn
• 1% Livelihood
Infrastructures
• 2 Death/ injury/ -
• 15 People
People, Livestock
• Physical-Livestock,
• Demolish of Physical
Physical Materials,
property -Houses,
Depend Water sources, 95
March Physical Materials,
Storm Natural Dry weather Fast on Households
,April-May Communication,
situation • Infrastructures-
Obstruct road, felling
Communication, Health,
of tree, electric poles
School, Markets & Shop
• Fire
• Livelihood
• Jaundice, Diarrhea
• 300 People
Depend and dysentery
June-July- • Physical- Water sources
Epidemic Manmade sickness Fast on • 21 Death, 249 sick
August contaminated,
• 4000 Death
• People,
• 38000 Injury
• Displace
• Destruction of
House,
Barking of a minute • 60% Infrastructures-
dogs, Birds Road, Communication,
• 100% Livelihood
• 350 Death
• People
• 450 Injure
Depends • 15% Displace
March water supply, electricity
Fire Manmade smoke Fast upon • Burnt Physical
,April- obstruction,
KTM situation property -Houses,
Metro- Physical Materials
• 1% Livelihood
15 • Burn Infrastructures
• 600 Death/ 100
• People
burn/ -People
• Livestock
Physical Materials,
• Burnt/ Demolish of
Depends Water sources, 95
March Physical property -
Storm Natural Wind blowing Fast upon Households
,April-May Houses, Physical
Materials
• Fire
• Livelihood
• 300 People
Depends and dysentery
June-July- • Physical- Water sources,
Epidemic Manmade sick Fast upon • 55 Death, 49 sick
August • 30 Household,
• 30000 Death
Abnormal • People
• 50000 Injury
KTM behavior of • Physical- Water sources
Less than • Displace
Metro- Earthquake Natural birds and Fast Any Time & distribution pipes-
a minute • Destruction of House,
16 Animals ( Well, Physical Materials,
infrastructures
Barking of Houses, 1/3rd of Land
9
dogs, Birds • Infrastructures- Road,
tweeters Communication, Health
loudly sub post, School,
Markets & Shop
• 100% Livelihood
• 500 Death
• 2200 People
• 1000 Injure
Depends • Displace
March water supply, electricity
Fire Manmade smoke Fast upon • Burnt Physical
,April- obstruction
situation property -Houses,
Physical Materials
• 5% Livelihood
• Burn Infrastructures
• 300 Death/ 150
• People
burn/ -People
Physical Materials,
Depends Physical property -
March Water sources, Houses
Storm Natural Wind blowing Fast upon Houses, Physical
,April-May • Infrastructures-
situation Materials
• Fire
• Livelihood
• 10000 People
Epidemic Manmade sick Fast upon • 100 Death
August • Household,
situation • 1000 Households,
close of schools
• 500 Death
• People
• 1500 Injury
• Displace
• Destruction of
birds and Any Time Well, Physical Materials,
House,
Animals ( Repetition Less than Houses, 1/3rd of Land
Earthquake Natural Fast infrastructures
Barking of in 50 years a minute • Infrastructures- Road,
•
dogs, Birds me Communication, Health
loudly) Markets & Shop
• 100% Livelihood
• 500 Death
• 2200 People
• 1000 Injury
Depends • Displace
water supply, electricity
KTM Fire Manmade smoke Fast Any Time upon • Burnt Physical
obstruction
Metro- situation property -Houses,
18 Physical Materials
• 5% Livelihood
• 800 People
and dysentery
Depends • 100 Death
June-July- sources,
Epidemic Manmade Sick Slow upon • close of schools
August • Itching, watering of
situation
eyes (conjunctivitis)
• Blind
• 5 Death
• People
• 60 Injury
Road Less than • Physical- vehicle
Manmade Speed Fast Any Time • Damage of Physical
Accident a minute damaged
Materials
• Some Infrastructures
• 1500 Death
Abnormal Any Time • People
KTM • 3800 Injury
behavior of Repetition Less than • Physical- Water sources
Metro- Earthquake Natural Fast • Displace
birds and in 50 years a minute & distribution pipes-
23 • Demolition of
Animals ( me 25% Well, 85% Physical
10
Barking of Materials, Houses, 1/3rd House,
dogs, Birds of Land infrastructures
tweeters • Infrastructures- 60% • Fire
loudly) Road, 80%
Communication, 50%
Markets & Shop
• 100% Livelihood
• 280 Death
• 400 People
• Injure
• Some Physical- Schools
• 5% Displace
Depends • Some Infrastructures
• Burnt Physical
Fire Manmade smoke Fast Any Time upon • 1% Livelihood
property -Houses,
situation Physical Materials
• Burn
Infrastructures
• People
and dysentery
• 21 Death
Depends sources, 155 Household,
June-July- • 244 infected with
Epidemic Manmade sick Slow upon diseases
August
situation • Itching, watering of
• Blind
• 2000 Death
• People
• 2800 Injury
• Including Injured
Displace
• Destruction of
Earthquake Natural Fast Any Time House,
Barking of a minute • Infrastructures- Road,
infrastructures
dogs, Birds Communication, Health
• 100% Livelihood
• 250 Death
• People
• 350 Injure
• Including injured
Depends water supply, electricity
March Displace
Fire Manmade smoke Fast upon obstruction
KTM ,April- • Burnt Physical
Metro- property -Houses,
• 1% Livelihood
27 Physical Materials
• 60 Death/ 100
• 1400 People,
burn/ -People
Physical Materials,
Depend Physical property -
March Water sources, Houses
Storm Natural Wind blowing Fast on Houses, Physical
,April-May • Infrastructures-
situation Materials
• Fire
• Livelihood
• 300 People , 75 families
Epidemic Manmade sick Fast upon • 51 Death
August • 249 Households,
situation
close of schools
• 6600 Death
KTM Abnormal • People
Less than • 13000 Injury
Metro- Earthquake Natural behavior of Fast Any Time • Physical- Water sources
a minute • Including injured
28 birds and & distribution pipes-
11
Animals ( Well, Physical Materials, Displace
Barking of Houses, 2 Ha of Land • Demolition of
dogs, Birds • Infrastructures- 60% House,
tweeters Road, 80% infrastructures
loudly Communication, 50% • Fire
Markets & Shop
• Livelihood
• People • Death
• some Families • Injury
Road Less than • Physical- Schools • Damage of Physical
Manmade speed Fast Any Time
Accident a minute • Infrastructures Materials
10% Livelihood
• 2400 Death
• People
• 6000 Injury
• 15000 Displace
• Demolition of
House,
Animals ( Less than Houses, 580 Ha of Land
Barking of a minute • Infrastructures-Road,
• Fire
dogs, Birds Communication, 1
• Livelihood
KTM • 12 Death
Metro- • 700 People
• 500 Injure
29 • Physical- Schools
• Displace
Depends • Infrastructures
Natural or March, • Burnt Physical
Fire smoke Fast upon • Livelihood
Manmade April property -Houses,
• Burn
Infrastructures
• 15 Death
• People
Depends • 60 Injury
Road • Damage Physical
Manmade speed Fast Any Time upon • Damage of Physical
Accident Materials
situation Materials
• 1800 Death
• 18000 People
• 12000 Injury
• Displace
• Demolition of
House,
Animals ( Less than Houses, 1084 Ha of Land
Barking of a minute • Infrastructures-Road,
• Fire
dogs, Birds Communication, 1
KTM loudly Markets & Shop
Metro-
• 100% Livelihood
30
• 100 Death
• 18000 People
• 1000 Injure
• Physical- Schools
• Displace
Depends • Infrastructures
Fire smoke Fast upon • 2% Livelihood
Manmade April property -Houses,
• Burn
Infrastructures
• Death
KTM Abnormal • 15000 People
Less than • Injury
Metro- Earthquake Natural behavior of Fast Any Time • Physical- Water sources
a minute • Displace
31 birds and & distribution pipes-
12
Animals ( Well, Physical Materials, • Demolition of
Barking of Houses, 1/3rd Land House,
dogs, Birds • Infrastructures-Road, infrastructures
tweeters Communication, 1 • Fire
loudly Health sub post, School,
Markets & Shop
• 100 % Livelihood
• Burn/Death
• 3000 People
• Burnt Physical
Depends • Physical- Schools
Natural or March, property -Houses,
Fire smoke Fast upon • Infrastructures
Manmade April Physical Materials
situation • Livelihood
• Burn
Infrastructures
• Death
• 12000 People
• Injury
• Physical- 20 Livestock,
Water sources &
behavior of • Demolition of
distribution pipes, Well,
birds and House,
Physical Materials,
Animals ( Less than infrastructures
Earthquake Natural Fast Any Time Houses, 1/3rd Land
Barking of a minute • Fire
• Infrastructures-Road,
dogs, Birds
Communication, 1
tweeters
loudly
Markets & Shop
• Livelihood
KTM
Metro- • 100 People • Burn/Death
34 • Physical- Schools • Burnt Physical
Depends
Natural or March, • Infrastructures property -Houses,
Fire smoke Fast upon
situation
Burn Infrastructures
• Death
• 30 People
• Injury
• Damage Physical
Depends • Damage of Physical
Road Materials
Manmade speed Fast Any Time upon Materials
accident
situation
• 755 People
• 50 Death
• Physical- some
• 500 Injury
Livestock, Water
• Displace
Abnormal • Destruction of
behavior of House,
Materials, Houses, 104
birds and infrastructures
Ha of Land
Animals ( March Less than • Infrastructures- 2%
Earthquake Natural Fast
Barking of ,April- 1 minute Road, 15%
dogs, Birds Communication, 7%
KIR loudly Markets & Shop
MUN-8 • Natural Resource, 15%
Economic Source
• Livelihood
• 15 People • Death
• Some Physical- Schools, • Injure
water supply, electricity • Displace
Depends
obstruction, • Burnt Physical
Fire Manmade smoke Fast Any Time upon
• Some Infrastructures- property -Houses,
situation
Household, Livestock, Physical Materials
water source, Natural
13
Resources, Economic
source
• 55 People
June-July- • Physical- Water sources
Epidemic Manmade Sick Fast upon • 5 Death, 25 sick
August contaminated
• People,1000 families
• 1200 Death
• Physical- 3%
• 200 Injury
Livestock, Water
• 600 Displace
• Destruction of
Abnormal pipes- Well, Physical
House,
behavior of Materials, Houses, 3% of
infrastructures
birds and Land
• 5% Natural Resource,
15% Economic Source
• 100% Livelihood
KIR • People, 200 Families • 600 Death
MUN-9 • Some Physical- Schools, • 400 Injure
water supply, electricity • 1000 Displace
Depends • 80% Some property -Houses,
Fire Manmade smoke Fast Any Time upon Infrastructures- 50 Physical Materials
situation Household, 2 %
Livestock, 5% water
source, 100% Natural
Resources, 95%
Economic source,
• 200 Death
• People
• 100 Injury
• Families
Road Speed of Less than • Damage of Physical
Manmade Fast Any Time • Physical- vehicle
Accident vehicle a minute Materials
damaged
• 500 Death
• 1000 Injury
Water sources &
• 150 Displace
Abnormal distribution pipes- Well,
• Destruction of House,
behavior of Physical Materials,
infrastructures
birds and Houses, 10% of Land
Animals ( March Within • Infrastructures- 100%
Barking of ,April- minutes Road, Communication,
dogs, Birds Health sub post, School,
tweeters Markets & Shop
KIR
loudly • 80% Natural Resource,
MUN-
90% Economic Source
11
• 100% Livelihood
• People, 200 Families • Death
water supply, electricity • 5% Displace
Depend
Fire Manmade Smoke Fast Any Time on
• Some Infrastructures- property -Houses,
situation
50 Household, 50 % Physical Materials
Livestock, 5% water
14
source
• 500 Death
• 1000 Injury
Water sources &
• 150 Displace
distribution pipes- Well,
• Destruction of House,
Physical Materials,
infrastructures
Houses, 1/3rd of Land
KIR
March Within • Infrastructures- 100%
MUN- Earthquake Natural Smoke Fast
,April- minutes Road, Communication,
16
Markets & Shop
90% Economic Source
• 100% Livelihood
• People, 200 Families • Death
Abnormal
behavior of
water supply, electricity • 5% Displace
birds and
Depend obstruction, • Burnt Physical
Animals (
Fire Manmade Fast Any Time on • Some Infrastructures- property -Houses,
Barking of
situation 50 Household, 50 % Physical Materials
dogs, Birds
Livestock, 5% water
tweeters • Burn Infrastructures
source
loudly
• 18000 People
• Death
• Injure
water supply, electricity
Depend • Displace
March obstruction,
Fire Manmade Smoke Fast on • Burnt Physical
,April- • Some Infrastructures-
• 1% Livelihood Physical Materials
• People
• 2 Death/ 100
injured/ -People,
Physical Materials,
Livestock
KIR Water sources, 95
• Demolish of Physical
MUN Depend Households
March property -Houses,
Storm Natural Fast on • Infrastructures-
,April-May Physical Materials,
situation Communication, Health,
Communication,
Obstruct road, felling
• Livelihood of tree, electric poles
• Fire
• 300 People
Depend • Physical- Water sources
June-July- and dysentery
Epidemic Manmade Fast on contaminated,
August • 21 Death, 249 sick
situation
• close of schools
• 755 People
• 50 Death
• 70% Physical- some
• 500 Injury
Livestock, Water
behavior of • Destruction of
birds and House,
Materials, Houses, 104
KIR Animals ( March Less than infrastructures
Earthquake Natural Fast Ha of Land
MUN-8 Barking of ,April- 1 minute • Infrastructures- 2%
dogs, Birds Road, 15%
tweeters Communication, 7%
Markets & Shop
15
15% Economic Source
• 100% Livelihood
water supply, electricity • Displace
Depends obstruction, • Burnt Physical
Fire Manmade smoke Fast Any Time upon • Some Infrastructures- property -Houses,
situation Household, Livestock, Physical Materials
water source, Natural
Resources, Economic
source
• People 50 Family
and dysentery
Illness with Depend • Physical- Water sources
June-July- • Death
Epidemic Manmade communicabl Fast on contaminated,
August • sick
e diseases situation
• People,1000 families • 1200 Death

• Injury
• Physical- 3% Livestock,
• Displace
Water sources &
• Destruction of
House,
infrastructures
birds and Houses, 3% of Land
15% Economic Source
• 100% Livelihood
KIR
MUN-9 • People, 200 Families • Death
water supply, electricity • 1000 Displace
Depends • Some Infrastructures- property -Houses,
Fire Manmade smoke Fast Any Time upon 50 Household, 2 % Physical Materials
situation Livestock, 5% water
• Burn
source, 100% Natural
Infrastructures
Resources, 95%
Economic source,
• 200 Death
• People
• 100 Injury
• Families
Road Speed of Less than • Damage of Physical
Manmade Fast Any Time • Physical- vehicle
Accident vehicle a minute Materials
damaged
• 500 Death
• 70% Physical- 15
Abnormal • 1000 Injury
Livestock, Water
behavior of • 150 Displace
birds and • Destruction of
KIR pipes- Well, Physical
Animals ( March Less than House,
MUN- Earthquake Natural Fast Materials, Houses, 10%
Barking of ,April- a minute infrastructures
11 of Land
dogs, Birds • Infrastructures- 100%
tweeters Road, Communication,
Markets & Shop
16
90% Economic Source
• 100% Livelihood
• People,
• 500 Death
• 1000 Injury
Water sources &
• Displace
• Destruction of
House,
birds and Houses, 1/3rd of Land
infrastructures
Barking of ,April- a minute Road, Communication,
dogs, Birds Health sub post, School,
tweeters Markets & Shop
KIR loudly • 60% Natural Resource,
MUN- 90% Economic Source
16
• 100% Livelihood
• 200 Families • Injure
• Some Physical- Schools, • 5% Displace
Depends water supply, electricity • Burnt Physical
Fire Manmade Smoke Fast Any Time upon obstruction, property -Houses,
situation • Some Infrastructures- Physical Materials
50 Household, 50 % • Burn
Livestock, 5% water Infrastructures
source
• Death
• People
• Injury
Movement of • Physical-Livestock,
• Displace
land surface Water sources, Physical
• Demolition of
Within Materials, Houses, Land
Earthquake Natural Birds Fast Any time House,
minutes • Infrastructures-Road,
twittering infrastructures
loudly • Fire
• Livelihood
• Burn/Death
• People
MTM -3 • Burnt Physical
Depends • Physical-Livestock,
Natural or property -Houses,
Fire NA Fast Any time upon Water sources
Manmade Physical Materials
situation • 20% Infrastructures
• 10% Livelihood
• 50% People-
and dysentery
Natural or • Death
Epidemic NA Slow Any time upon Water sources
Manmade • Itching, watering of
situation • 20% Livelihood
• Blind
• Death
• People
• Injury
• Displace
• Demolition of
Earthquake Natural Birds Fast Any Time House,
twittering infrastructures
MTN -6 loudly • Fire
• Livelihood
• Burn/Death
• People- children
Naked Depends • Burnt Physical
March, • Physical-Livestock,
Fire Natural electric Wire, Fast upon property -Houses,
April Water sources
short circuit situation Physical Materials
• Infrastructures
17
• Livelihood • Burn Infrastructures
• People- children, Old,
and dysentery
Depends women
Summer • Death
Epidemic Natural sick upon • Physical- Water sources,
season • Itching, watering of
situation • Eye
• Livelihood
• Blind
• Death/ burn/
• People
Displace -People,
Livestock
Physical Materials,
Depends • Burnt/ Demolish of
March, Water sources, Houses
Storm Natural Black cloud Fast upon Physical property -
April • Infrastructures-
situation Houses, Physical
Materials
• Fire
• Livelihood
• Injury- People,
• People
Depends Livestock
Heavy Rainy • Physical-House, Land,
Flood Natural Fast upon • Flooded of land
Rainfall season Water source &
situation • Erosion of fertile
distribution pipes,
soil
• Burn/Death
• Some People
• Burnt Physical
March, property -Houses,
Fire Manmade Smoke, Fast upon Water sources
April, May Physical Materials
• Livelihood
• Death
• 1160 People
• Injury
MTM-8 • Physical- 25 Livestock,
Movement of • Displace
Water sources, Physical
land surface • Demolition of
Materials, 253 Houses,
Within House,
Earthquake Natural Birds Fast Any time Land
minutes infrastructures
twittering • Infrastructures-Road,
• Fire
loudly Communication, Health,
• Livelihood
• Death
• 350 People
• Injury
• Physical- Livestock,
• Displace
Birds Any Time • Demolition of
twittering (interval of Within House,
Earthquake Natural Fast Land
loudly , Dog 40-50 minutes infrastructures
barking year) • Fire
• Livelihood
• Chicken pox,
• People- children, Old ,
MTM- Diarrhea and
March- Depends women,
10 Natural or dysentery
Epidemic Sick slow April, June, upon • Physical-Livestock,
Manmade • Sick
July situation Water sources
• Death
• Livelihood
• Burn/Death
• People- children, old,
• Burnt Physical
Smell of women
property -Houses,
burning, Depends • Physical-Livestock,
Natural or March- Physical Materials
Fire wind, naked Fast upon Water sources
Manmade April • Burn Infrastructures
electric wire, situation • Infrastructures-
Smoke, communication, Health
post, School, Market
18
• Livelihood
• Death/ burn/
• People
Displace -People,
Livestock
Physical Materials,
March- Water sources, Houses
Storm Natural Wind blowing Fast upon Physical property -
Materials
• Fire
• Livelihood
• Death
• 2215 People
• Injury
• Physical- Livestock,
• Displace
Birds Any Time • Demolition of
twittering (interval of Within House,
Earthquake Natural Fast Land
loudly , Dog 40-50 minutes infrastructures
barking year) • Fire
• Livelihood
• Chicken pox,
• People- children, Old ,
Diarrhea and
March- Depends women,
Natural or dysentery
Epidemic Sick slow April, June, upon • Physical-Livestock,
Manmade • Sick
July situation Water sources
• Death
• Livelihood
MTM- • Burn/Death
• People- children, old,
14 • Burnt Physical
women
Smell of property -Houses,
burning, Depends Physical Materials
Natural or March- Water sources
Fire wind, naked Fast upon • Burn Infrastructures
Manmade April • Infrastructures-
electric wire, situation
communication, Health
Smoke,
• Livelihood
• Death/ burn/
• People
Displace -People,
Livestock
Physical Materials,
March- Water sources, Houses
Storm Natural Wind blowing Fast upon Physical property -
Materials
• Fire
• Livelihood
• Death
• People- children, Old,
• Injury
Women, pregnant
• Displace
women
• Demolition of
Birds House,
Within Water sources, Physical
Earthquake Natural twittering Fast Any Time infrastructures
minutes Materials, Houses, Land
loudly • Fire
MTM-
16
• Livelihood
• Burn/Death
• Burnt Physical
Smell of Depends property -Houses,
Natural or March- Water sources
Fire burning, Load Fast upon Physical Materials
shedding, situation • Burn Infrastructures
communication, Market
• Livelihood
19
• Diarrhea and
• People- children, Old
dysentery
March- Depends • Physical-Livestock,
Natural or • Death
Epidemic Become sick Slow April, June, upon • Livelihood
Manmade • Itching, watering of
July situation eyes (conjunctivitis)
• Blind
• Death
• People
• Injury
Movement of • Displace
land surface • Demolition of
Materials, Houses, Land
Within House,
Earthquake Natural Birds Fast Any time • 20% Infrastructures-
minutes infrastructures
twittering Road, Communication,
• Fire
loudly Health, School, Markets
& Shop
• 10% Livelihood
Bhakta • Burn/Death
pur-5 • Burnt Physical
Natural or March, property -Houses,
Fire Smoke Fast upon Water sources
situation • Infrastructures
• Livelihood
• 50% People- children,
and dysentery
Depends Old
Natural or March, • Death
Epidemic Sick upon • Physical-Livestock,
Manmade April • Itching, watering of
situation Water sources
• 20% Livelihood
• Blind
• Death
• People
• Injury
• Displace
• Demolition of House,
Earthquake Natural Birds Fast Any Time infrastructures
twittering • Fire
loudly School, Markets & Shop
• Livelihood
• Burn/Death
Depends • Burnt Physical
Natural or Naked • Physical-Livestock,
Fire Fast Any Time upon property -Houses,
Manmade electric Wire Water sources
• Livelihood
Bhakta • Death/ burn/
• People
pur-7 Displace -People,
Livestock
Physical Materials,
Natural or March, Water sources, Houses
Storm Black cloud, Fast upon Physical property -
Materials
• Fire
• Livelihood
• Diarrhea and
• People- children, Old
dysentery
Epidemic Sick Slow upon Water sources
• Blind
• Death
Movement of • People
• Injury
Bhakta land surface Within • Physical-Livestock,
Earthquake Natural Fast Any Time • Displace
pur-8 minutes Water sources, Physical
Birds • Demolition of House,
Materials, Houses, Land
20
twittering • Infrastructures-Road, infrastructures
loudly Communication, Health, • Fire
• Livelihood
• Diarrhea and
dysentery
Epidemic Sick Slow upon Water sources
• Blind
• Burn/Death
• People
• Burnt Physical
property -Houses,
Naked Physical Materials,
Depends Physical Materials
Natural or Electric Wire Water sources, Houses
Fire Fast Any Time upon
Manmade • Infrastructures-
situation
• Livelihood
• Death/ burn/
• People
Displace -People,
Livestock
Physical Materials,
March, Water sources, Houses
Storm Natural Black cloud Fast upon Physical property -
Materials
• Livelihood
• Burn/Death
Depends • Children
Natural or • Burnt Physical
Fire Smoke Fast Any Time upon • Old Person
Manmade property -Houses,
• Death/ burn/
• People
Displace -People,
Depends • Property
March, Livestock
Storm Natural Black cloud, Fast upon • Infrastructures
Bhakta April • Burnt Physical
pur-9
Physical Materials
• Diarrhea and
• People
dysentery
Depends • Death
Natural or
Epidemic Sick Slow Any Time upon • Itching, watering of
Manmade
situation eyes
• Blind
• Death/ Injured
• People
• Livestock
• Property
• Physical Materials
• Infrastructures
Animals Within • Collapse of Road,
Earthquake Natural Fast Any Time Communication,
shouting minutes
Health Buildings,
School buildings,
Bhakta Market
pur-12
• Death/ burn/
• People
Displace -People,
• Property
Depends Livestock
Natural or • Livestock
Fire Smoke Any Time upon • Burnt Physical
situation
Water supply,
Physical Materials
21
• Diarrhea and
June, July, • People
Slow dysentery
August, Depends • livelihood
• Death
Epidemic Manmade Sick Sept. upon • Itching, watering of
March, situation eyes
Fast
April • Blind
• Death/ Injured
• People
• Livestock
Birds • Property
twittering • Collapse of Road,
Within
Earthquake Natural loudly & Fast Any Time Communication,
minutes
Animals Health Buildings,
shouting School buildings,
Markey
• Death/ Injured/
• People
Bhakta Displace -People,
• Property
pur-13 Depends Livestock
Natural or • Livestock
Fire Smoke Fast Any Time upon • Burnt Physical
situation
Water supply,
Physical Materials
• Diarrhea and
• People
Depends dysentery
March, • livelihood
Epidemic Manmade Sick Slow upon • Death
April • Livestock
situation
• Death/ Injured/
• People
Displace -People,
• Property
Birds Livestock
twittering • Physical-Houses,
Within Water supply,
Earthquake Natural loudly & Fast Any Time
minutes Physical Materials
Animals
shouting • Collapse of
Infrastructures
• Loss of Property
• Death/ Injured/
• People
Displace -People,
• Property
Depends Livestock
Bhakta Natural or March, • Livestock
Fire Smoke Fast upon • Burnt Physical
pur-14 Man made April property -Houses,
situation
Water supply,
Physical Materials
• Diarrhea and
Turbidity in • 2143 People
dysentery
Water & drinking Depends
June, July, • Death
Sanitation, Man Made water source Slow upon
August
Hygiene during rainy situation
season
• Itching & Burning of
Depends • People
Burning of March, Eyes
Epidemic Man Made Fast upon • Water sources
Eye April • Blind
situation • Eye
• 35% People • Death/ Injury/

• 50%Property Displace -People,
Fish came out
Bhakta • 20% Infrastructures Livestock
from pond
pur-16 Within • 50% Livelihood • Physical-Houses,
Earthquake Natural Fast Any Time
Dog barking minutes Water supply,
Physical Materials
• Collapse of
Infrastructures
22
• Death/ Injured/
• People
Displace -People,
• Property
Depends Livestock
Fire Storm Fast upon
Man made April property -Houses,
situation
Water supply,
Physical Materials
• Damage of
Natural Depends • People
June, July, infrastructures
Flood and Man Heavy rainfall Fast upon • Land
August • Loss of life
Made situation • infrastructures
• People, 900 families • 2193 Dead
• 60% Physical- 50% • 4386 Injury
Livestock 80% Water • 100% Displace
sources & distribution • Destruction of
pipes- Well, 20% House,
Birds Physical Materials, 1000 infrastructures,
twittering Houses, 1/3rd of Land Natural Resources
Within
Earthquake Natural loudly & Fast Any Time • Infrastructures- 60%
minutes
Animals Road, 80%
shouting Communication, 50%
Health sub post, 10%
School, 70% Markets &
LALI
Shop
Sub
• 50% Livelihood
MUN 1
• 731 People , 10% Family • Dead
• Physical- vehicle • Injury
Road Within damaged • Damage of Physical
Manmade Vehicle speed Fast Any Time
Accident minutes • Some Infrastructures Materials
damaged
• 731 People , • Water born Disease-
• Physical- Water sources Jaundice, Diarrhea
Depends contaminated, and dysentery
June, July,
Epidemic Manmade Sick Slow upon • Spreading of • Dead
August
situation Communicable disease • Households, close of
schools, Community
• 9884 People, 45% • 1161 Dead
families • 2322 Injury
• Physical- 50% • Displace
Livestock 80% Water Destruction of
sources & distribution House,
Birds pipes- Well, 20% infrastructures,
twittering Physical Materials, 1068 Natural Resources
Within Houses, 1/3rd of Land
minutes • Infrastructures- 60%
Animals
shouting Road, 80%
LALI Communication, 50%
Sub Health sub post, 10%
MUN 3 School, 70% Markets &
Shop
• 50% Livelihood
• 247 People , • Dead
damaged
June, July, Depends
Epidemic Manmade Sick Slow • Physical- Water sources Jaundice, Diarrhea
August upon
23
situation contaminated, and dysentery
• Spreading of • Dead
Communicable disease • Households, close of
schools, Community
• People, • 1161 Dead
• Physical- 50% • 2322 Injury
Livestock 80% Water • Displace
Within
minutes
Animals Road, 80%
LALI
Sub
MUN 6
Shop
• 50% Livelihood
• People , • 38 Dead
• Physical- vehicle • 380 Injury
damaged
Within
minutes
Animals Road, 80%
LALI
Sub
MUN 7 Health sub post, 10%
Shop
• 50% Livelihood
• People , • 50 Dead
• Physical- vehicle • 100 Injury
damaged
Livestock 80% Water • 100% Displace
Within
minutes
LALI Animals Road, 80%
Sub shouting Communication, 50%
Shop
• 50% Livelihood
Road Within • Physical- vehicle • Injury
Manmade Vehicle speed Fast Any Time damaged • Damage of Physical
Accident minutes
• Some Infrastructures Materials
24
damaged
June, July,
August
schools, Community
Within
minutes
Animals Road, 80%
LALI
Shop
Sub
• 50% Livelihood
MUN 9
• 72 People • Dead
damaged
June, July,
August
schools, Community
• 60% Physical- 50% • 2160 Injury
Livestock Water sources • Displace
& distribution pipes- • Destruction of
Well, 20% Physical House,
Birds Materials, 524 Houses, infrastructures,
twittering 1/3rd of Land Natural Resources
Within • Infrastructures- 60%
minutes Road, 80%
Animals
LALI shouting Communication, 50%
Sub Health sub post, 10%
MUN 11 School, 70% Markets &
Shop
• 50% Livelihood
Manmade Vehicle speed Fast Any Time • Some Infrastructures Materials
Accident minutes
damaged

Birds • Physical- 50% • 2160 Injury
LALI twittering Livestock 80% Water • Displace
Within
Sub Earthquake Natural loudly & Fast Any Time sources & distribution • Destruction of
minutes
MUN 12 Animals pipes- Well, 20% House,
shouting Physical Materials, infrastructures,
25
Houses, 1/3rd of Land Natural Resources
• Infrastructures- 60%
Road, 80%
Communication, 50%
Shop
• 50% Livelihood
June, July,
August
schools, Community
pipes- Well, Physical House,
Birds Materials, Houses, 2 Ha infrastructures,
twittering of Land Natural Resources
Within
minutes
Animals Road, 80%
LALI S shouting Communication, 40%
Shop
• 50% Livelihood
damaged
• Physical- 80% Water • 2330 Injury
sources & distribution • Displace
Birds pipes- Well, 20% • Destruction of
twittering Physical Materials, House,
Within Houses, 2 Ha of Land infrastructures,
minutes • Infrastructures- Road, Natural Resources
Animals
shouting Communication, Health
sub post, School,
Markets & Shop
LALI • 50% Livelihood
Sub • 110 People , • Jaundice, Diarrhea
MUN 16 • Physical- Water sources and dysentery
Depends contaminated, • Dead
Epidemic Manmade Sick Slow April, May upon • Spreading of • Households, close of
situation Communicable disease schools, Community

damaged
Birds
LALI • Physical- 50% • 4500 Injury
twittering Within
Sub Earthquake Natural Fast Any Time Livestock, 80% Water • Displace
loudly & minutes
MUN 22 sources & distribution • Destruction of
Animals
26
shouting pipes- Well, 20% House,
Physical Materials, infrastructures,
Houses, 2 Ha of Land Natural Resources
• Infrastructures- 100%
Road, Communication,
Markets & Shop
• 60% Livelihood
• 600 People , • Jaundice, Diarrhea
Depends • Physical- Water sources and dysentery
Epidemic Manmade Sick Slow April, May upon contaminated, • Dead
situation • Spreading of • Households, close of
Communicable disease schools, Community
• 600 People • Dead
Depends • Physical- vehicle • Injury
Road damaged • Damage of Physical
Manmade Vehicle Speed Fast Any Time upon
Accident • Some Infrastructures Materials
situation
damaged
27
Table 2: Historical Profile (Timeline of Disaster)
VDC/Ward year Disaster Impact Response
2058 Road Accident
2045 Earthquake
Neighbors, Local People, Local
KTM Metro -2 2068
Government Agencies, Red Cross
2051 Fire
2044/045 Epidemic Many persons get ill

2058 Road Accident
2045 Earthquake
KTM Metro -10 2068
Government Agencies, Red Cross
2051 Fire
2044/045 Epidemic Many persons get ill

2063 3 died
Road Accident
11 Injured Neighbors, Local People, Local
2045 1 injured
KTM Metro -12 Earthquake Government Agencies, Red Cross
206 -------------
-----------------
2068 1 injured
Fire
2 house demolished
2057 8 died
Road Accident
23 Injured Neighbors, Local People, Local
2068 2 injured , 5 Houses demolished
KTM Metro -15 Earthquake Government Agencies, Red Cross
2069 1 died
Fire
4 injured
2057 Neighbors, Local People, Local
Road Accident 16 died
KTM Metro -16 Government Agencies, Red Cross
2068
Earthquake 2 injured , 5 Houses demolished
2046/3/5 Fire 40-50 displaced Neighbors, Local People, Local

KTM Metro -18 2 houses burnt Government Agencies, Red Cross
2052 10-20 displaced
28
2 stored burnt
Loss of infrastructures
2067 Earthquake NA
2 injured
Earthquake
2045/3/5 Loss of infrastructures
2068 Neighbors, Local People, Local
Fire
KTM Metro -23 2067 3 injured Government Agencies, Red Cross
2068 2 Houses burnt
Road Accident
2063 3 dead
15 injured
2067 1 injured, 1 Animal died Neighbors, Local People, Local
KTM Metro -27 2068 Fire 1 House burnt Government Agencies, Red Cross
6 houses burnt
2045/3/5 Earthquake 3 dead Neighbors, Local People, Local
5injured
2068 Road Accident 2 Dead
10 injured
Fire
5 people Displaced
5 House destroyed Neighbors, Local People, Local
Earthquake
KTM Metro -29 2068/3/1 3 dead Government Agencies, Red Cross
2068 2 injured
Road Accident
2061 3 injured
Fire 1 Family Displaced Neighbors, Local People, Local
2067
Earthquake No casualty recorded
KTM Metro -30 2068 Government Agencies, Red Cross
Road Accident 1 person died
2066
1990 Earthquake NA Neighbors, Local People, Local
2018 NA
2045 No casualty Recorded
No any casualty recorded Neighbors, Local People, Local

2045/5/5 Earthquake
KTM Metro -34 2068/6/1 Government Agencies, Red Cross
35 Death
2058 Road Accident
55 injured
2065 Earthquake Crack seen in the house
KIR MUN 8 Government Agencies, Red Cross
2069 Landslide Public Land damaged

KIR MUN 9 Government Agencies, Red Cross

KIR MUN 11 2068 Earthquake 3 Houses demolished Government Agencies, Red Cross

KIR MUN 16 NA Government Agencies, Red Cross
5 House collapsed
2045 Earthquake
MTM-3 4 people injured Community, Police, Red Cross
2056 Fire
Burnt physical materials
No casualty
1 House collapsed
2068 Earthquake
MTM-6 3 people injured Community, Government Agency
2068 Fire
1 person Displaced
Earthquake 1 person Death

Many Houses collapsed
MTM-8 1990 Loss of Physical Materials Community, Neighbors
Thunderbolt No loss recorded
Earthquake No loss recorded
2028 Thunderbolt No casualty Recorded
2030 Earthquake More than 100 people died
Uncounted Injured person
Demolished of Houses
MTM-10 Neighbor, Government Agencies
Birds and Animals died
Land destruction
Displaced
2045 Earthquake 1-2 person
29
Every year Fire No Record
MTM-14 NA NA NA
Neighbor, Fire brigade, Government
MTM-16 2045 Earthquake Minor crack in House
Agencies
2068 3-4 House Collapsed
2058 Earthquake Some House, Neighbors, District Disaster
Bhaktapur-5
2061 Fire 1-2 House, Management, Government agencies
2068 1-2 House
2045 Earthquake 2 Death
1 Injured
Neighbors, Government agencies, Fire
Bhaktapur-7 2 Collapsed house
brigade
2068 Earthquake 1 Collapsed house
Neighbors, Red Cross, Police, Local
Bhaktapur-8 2045 Earthquake NA
CBOs, Trusty
Bhaktapur-9 NA NA
4 Injured NA
2018 5 Collapsed house
Earthquake
2045 3 Loss of Livestock
Bhaktapur-12 4 Monastery Temple Neighbors, Red Cross, Local CBOs
100-200 Death
2015 Epidemic 4 injured NA
6 Injured
2045 Earthquake 6 Houses Collapsed Neighbors, Red Cross, Local CBOs
Bhaktapur-13
2069 Fire NA NA
4 Injured
5 Houses Collapsed
Bhaktapur-14 2045 Earthquake Neighbors, Red Cross, Local CBOs
3 birds death
4 Monastery Temples
2045
Bhaktapur-16 Earthquake NA Neighbors, Red Cross, Local CBOs
2068
2045 Earthquake
LALI MUNI 1 NA Government Agencies, Red Cross
2 Dead, 5 Injured Neighbors, Local People, Local

2045 Earthquake
LALI MUNI 3 4 Dead, 10 Injured Government Agencies, Red Cross
2058-060 Road Accident

2045 Earthquake NA
LALI MUNI 6 Government Agencies, Red Cross
2058-060 Road Accident NA

2045 Earthquake NA
2062-066 Road Accident 10 Dead, 20 Injured

LALI MUNI 8 2045 Earthquake NA Government Agencies, Red Cross

LALI MUNI 9 2045 Earthquake NA Government Agencies, Red Cross
2065 Fire Neighbors, Local People, Local

2 Houses Burnt
2063
LALI MUNI 11 3 injured Government Agencies, Red Cross
Earthquake
2045
Fire 1 Dead, Neighbors, Local People, Local
2064
1 Injured
Earthquake NA
2045
2058/ 2060 Earthquake
4 Dead, 10 Injured
2045 Road Accident
30
2058/ 2060
LALI MUNI 16 Earthquake 2 Dead, % Injured Government Agencies, Red Cross
2045
10 Dead, 15 Injured
2065 NA Neighbors, Local People, Local
Fire
2068 NA
1990 NA
Earthquake
2045 10 Dead, 15 Injured
Table 3: Vulnerability Matrix

VDC Hazard Element at risk Impact of hazard Characteristics of elements at Vulnerability
Ward to the elements risk that contribute to factor
at risk vulnerability
• People, 805 families • Death • Many Houses constructed without Physical
• Physical- Water sources & • Injury earthquake resistant techniques Attitudinal
distribution pipes- Well, • Displace • Insufficient of Open Space social
Physical Materials, Houses, • Destruction of • Use of low quality construction
Earthquake 1/3rd of Land House, Materials in building
• Infrastructures- Road, infrastructures • Lack of knowledge & Skill
Communication, Health sub • Having traditional attitude
post, School, Markets & Shop • Dense House attached with each
• Livelihood other
• People • 300 Death • Unmanaged old wiring of electric Physical
• Some Physical- Schools, • 350 Injure wire Infrastructures
water supply, electricity • Displace • Carelessness handling of LPG gas Attitudinal
KTM obstruction, • Burnt Physical and ignition materials and their
Metro-2 Fire • Some Infrastructures- property - storage
• 1% Livelihood Houses, Physical • Lack of knowledge & Skill
Materials • Having traditional attitude
• Burn • Attached Houses,
Infrastructures • Laying Naked Electric wire
• People • Jaundice, Diarrhea • No attention on sanitation Physical
• Physical- Water sources and dysentery • Waste dumping near inhabitants Infrastructures
contaminated, • 600 Death, 249 Attitudinal
• Pig rearing near inhabitants
sick Economic
• Evolution of bad smell
Epidemic • close of schools
• Turbid water supply during rainy
season
• Having traditional attitude
• Lack of knowledge about sanitation
Earthquake • People, • 8000 Death • Many Houses constructed without Physical
KTM • Physical- Water sources & • 20000 Injury earthquake resistant techniques Attitudinal
Metro-10 distribution pipes- Well, • Displace • Insufficient of Open Space social
Physical Materials, Houses, • Destruction of • Use of low quality construction
1/3rd of Land House, Materials in building
31
post, School, Markets & Shop • Dense House attached with each
• 100% Livelihood other
Fire • 18000 People • 5000 Death • Unmanaged old wiring of electric Physical
• Some Physical- Schools, • Injury wire Infrastructures
obstruction, • Burnt Physical and ignition materials and their
• Some Infrastructures- property - storage
• Burn • Attached Houses,
Infrastructures • Laying Naked Electric wire
Earthquake • People, • 1800 Death • Many Houses constructed without Physical
• Physical- Water sources & • 3800 Injury earthquake resistant techniques Infrastructures
distribution pipes- Well, • Displace • Insufficient of Open Space Attitudinal
Physical Materials, Houses, • Destruction of • Use of low quality construction Economic
post, School, Markets & Shop • Old House built having CGI sheet and
• 100% Livelihood mud tile roofing
• Narrow Road,
• Dense House attached with each
other
• Not strong House
Fire • 600 People • 280 Death • Unmanaged old wiring of electric Physical
• Some Physical- Schools, • Injure wire Infrastructures
obstruction,150 Households • Burnt Physical and ignition materials and their Economic
• Some Infrastructures- property - storage
KTM • Burn • Attached Houses, Old Houses with
Infrastructures CGI Roof mud tile and wood,
Metro-12
• narrow road By lane
• Laying Naked Electric wire
Storm • 15 People • 2 Death/ injury/ • Destruction of House Physical
• Physical-Livestock, Physical -People, Livestock • Lack of knowledge & Skill Infrastructures
Materials, Water sources, 95 • Demolish of Attitudinal
Households Physical property - Economic
• No preparedness for disaster
• Infrastructures- Houses, Physical
Materials, • Lack of Money
School, Markets & Shop Communication,
• Livelihood Obstruct road,
felling of tree,
electric poles
• Fire
Epidemic • 300 People • Jaundice, Diarrhea • No attention on sanitation Physical
• Physical- Water sources and dysentery • Waste dumping near inhabitants Infrastructures
contaminated, • 21 Death, 249 sick Attitudinal
close of schools Economic
season
• People, • 4000 Death • Many Houses constructed without Physical
distribution pipes- Well, • Displace • Insufficient of Open Space Attitudinal
KTM • Infrastructures- Road, infrastructures • Lack of knowledge & Skill
Metro-15 Earthquake Communication, Health sub • • Having traditional attitude
post, School, Markets & Shop • Old House built having CGI sheet and
• 100% Livelihood mud tile roofing
• Narrow Road,
other
32
• People • 350 Death • Unmanaged old wiring of electric Physical
water supply, electricity • 15% Displace • Carelessness handling of LPG gas Attitudinal
obstruction, • Burnt Physical and ignition materials and their Economic
• Some Infrastructures- property -Houses, storage
Fire • 1% Livelihood Physical Materials • Lack of knowledge & Skill
Burn • Having traditional attitude
Infrastructures • Attached Houses, Old Houses with
CGI Roof mud tile and wood,
• narrow road By lane
• People • 600 Death/ 100 • Destruction of House Physical
• Physical-Livestock, Physical burn/ -People • Lack of knowledge & Skill Infrastructures
Materials, Water sources, 95 • Livestock Attitudinal
Households • Burnt/ Demolish Economic
Storm • No preparedness for disaster
• Infrastructures- of Physical
• Lack of Money
Communication, Health, property -Houses,
School, Markets & Shop Physical Materials
• Livelihood • Fire
• 300 People • Jaundice, Diarrhea • No attention on sanitation Physical
• Physical- Water sources, and dysentery • Waste dumping near inhabitants Infrastructures
• 30 Household, • 55 Death, 49 sick Attitudinal
• close of schools Economic
Epidemic • Turbid water supply during rainy
season
• People • 30000 Death • Many Houses constructed without Physical

distribution pipes- Well, • Displace • Lack of Open Space Attitudinal
1/3rd of Land House, Materials
Earthquake • Infrastructures- Road, infrastructures • Lack of knowledge & Skill
post, School, Markets & Shop • Old House built, Narrow Road,
• 100% Livelihood • Dense House attached with each
other
• 2200 People • 500 Death • Unmanaged old wiring of electric Physical
obstruction • Burnt Physical and ignition materials storage Economic
• Some Infrastructures- property -Houses, • Lack of knowledge & Skill
Fire
KTM • 5% Livelihood Physical Materials • Having traditional attitude
Metro-16 • Burn • Attached Houses, Old Houses with
Infrastructures CGI Roof and wood, narrow road By
lane
• People • 300 Death/ 150 • No attention on sanitation Physical
• Physical-Livestock, Physical burn/ -People • Waste dumping near inhabitants Infrastructures
Materials, Water sources, • Burnt/ Demolish of Attitudinal
Houses Physical property - Economic
Storm • Infrastructures- Houses, Physical
Communication, Health, Materials • Turbid water supply during rainy
School, Markets & Shop • Fire season
• Livelihood • Having traditional attitude
• 10000 People • Jaundice, Diarrhea • Destruction of House Physical
• Physical- Water sources, and dysentery • Lack of knowledge & Skill Infrastructures
Epidemic • Household, • 100 Death Attitudinal
• 1000 Households, Economic
• No preparedness for disaster
• Lack of Money
• People • 500 Death • House constructed without Physical
KTM • Physical- Water sources & • 1500 Injury earthquake resistant techniques Infrastructures
distribution pipes- Well, • Displace • Lack of Open Space Attitudinal
Metro-18 Earthquake
1/3rd of Land House, Materials
• Infrastructures- Road,
33
Communication, Health sub infrastructures • Lack of knowledge & Skill
post, School, Markets & Shop • Having traditional attitude
• 100% Livelihood • Old House built, Narrow Road,
other
• Some Physical- Schools, • 1000 Injury wire Infrastructures
obstruction • Burnt Physical and ignition materials storage
• Some Infrastructures- property -Houses, • Lack of knowledge & Skill
Fire
• 5% Livelihood Physical Materials • Having traditional attitude
• Burn • Attached Houses, Old Houses with
Infrastructures CGI Roof and wood, narrow road By
lane
• 800 People • Jaundice, Diarrhea • No attention on sanitation Physical
• 4% Physical- Water sources, and dysentery • Waste dumping near inhabitants Infrastructures
• 100 Death Attitudinal
• close of schools social
Epidemic • Itching, watering
of eyes • Turbid water supply during rainy
(conjunctivitis) season
• Blind • Having traditional attitude
• People • 5 Death • Dense Traffic, Physical
• Physical- vehicle damaged • 60 Injury • Narrow road width Infrastructures
Road Accident Attitudinal
• Some Infrastructures • Damage of • Negligence in drive
Physical Materials
distribution pipes- 25% Well, • Displace • Use of low quality construction Attitudinal
85% Physical Materials, • Demolition of Materials Economic
Houses, 1/3rd of Land House, • Lack of knowledge & Skill
Earthquake
• Infrastructures- 60% Road, infrastructures • Having traditional attitude
80% Communication, 50% • Fire • Old House built, Narrow Road,
Health sub post, School, • Dense House attached with each
Markets & Shop other
• 100% Livelihood • Not strong House
• 400 People • 280 Death • Unmanaged lining of electric wire Physical
• Some Physical- Schools • Injure • Carelessness of LPG gas and ignition Infrastructures
KTM • Some Infrastructures • 5% Displace materials storage Attitudinal
• 1% Livelihood • Burnt Physical • Lack of knowledge & Skill Economic
Metro-23
Fire property - • Having traditional attitude
Houses, Physical • Attached Houses, Old Houses with
Materials CGI Roof, Narrow road. By lane
• Burn • Laying Naked Electric wire
Infrastructures
• People • Jaundice, Diarrhea • No attention on sanitation Physical
• 55% Physical- Water sources, and dysentery • Turbid water supply during rainy Infrastructures
155 Household, • 21 Death season Attitudinal
• • 244 infected with Economic
Epidemic diseases
• Itching, watering • Lack of knowledge about sanitation
of eyes
(conjunctivitis)
• Blind
distribution pipes- Well, • Including Injured • Lack of Open Space Attitudinal
Physical Materials, Houses, Displace • Use of low quality construction Economic
KTM 1/3rd of Land • Destruction of Materials
Metro-27 Earthquake • Infrastructures- Road, House, • Lack of knowledge & Skill
Communication, Health sub infrastructures • Having traditional attitude
post, School, Markets & Shop • • Old House built, Narrow Road,
• 100% Livelihood • Dense House attached with each
other
34
water supply, electricity • Including injured • Carelessness handling of LPG gas Attitudinal
obstruction Displace and ignition materials storage Economic
• Some Infrastructures- • Burnt Physical • Lack of knowledge & Skill
Fire
• 1% Livelihood property -Houses, • Having traditional attitude
Physical Materials • Attached Houses, Old Houses with
• Burn CGI Roof and wood, narrow road By
Infrastructures lane
• 1400 People, 40 families • 60 Death/ 100 • No attention on sanitation Physical
• Physical-Livestock, Physical burn/ -People • Waste dumping near inhabitants Infrastructures
Materials, Water sources, • Burnt/ Demolish Attitudinal
Houses of Physical Economic
Storm • Turbid water supply during rainy
• Infrastructures- property -Houses,
Communication, Health, Physical Materials season
School, Markets & Shop • Fire • Having traditional attitude
• Livelihood • Lack of knowledge about sanitation
• 300 People , 75 families • Jaundice, Diarrhea • Waste dumping near inhabitants Physical
• Physical- Water sources, and dysentery • Pig rearing near inhabitants Infrastructures
• • 51 Death Attitudinal
• 249 Households, Economic
close of schools
Epidemic season
• Problem of uterus disease in women
• Lack of knowledge about improving
sanitation
distribution pipes- Well, • Including injured • Use of low quality construction Attitudinal
Physical Materials, Houses, 2 Displace Materials Economic
Ha of Land • Demolition of • Lack of knowledge & Skill
Earthquake
• Infrastructures- 60% Road, House, • Having traditional attitude
80% Communication, 50% infrastructures • Old House built, Narrow Road,
Health sub post, School, • Fire • Dense House attached with each
Markets & Shop other
• Livelihood •
• People • Death • Unmanaged lining of electric wire Physical
• some Families • Injury • Carelessness of LPG gas and ignition Infrastructures
KTM • Physical- Schools • Damage of materials storage Attitudinal
Metro-28 Fire • Infrastructures Physical Materials • Lack of knowledge & Skill Economic
10% Livelihood • Having traditional attitude
• Attached Houses, Old Houses with
CGI Roof, Narrow road. By lane
• People • 6600 Death • No attention on sanitation Physical
• Physical- Water sources & • 13000 Injury • Turbid water supply during rainy Infrastructures
distribution pipes- Well, • Including injured season Attitudinal
Physical Materials, Houses, 2 Displace Economic
Ha of Land • Demolition of
Epidemic • Lack of knowledge about sanitation
• Infrastructures- 60% Road, House,
80% Communication, 50% infrastructures • Lack of knowledge to purify drinking
Health sub post, School, • Fire water
Markets & Shop
• Livelihood
distribution pipes- Well, • 15000 Displace • Use of low quality construction Attitudinal
Physical Materials, Houses, • Demolition of Materials Economic
Earthquake 580 Ha of Land House, • Lack of knowledge & Skill
• Infrastructures-Road, infrastructures • Having traditional attitude
KTM Communication, 1 Health sub • Fire • Old House built, Narrow Road,
Metro-29 post, School, Markets & Shop • Dense House attached with each
• Livelihood other
• Physical- Schools • 500 Injure • Carelessness of LPG gas and ignition Infrastructures
• Infrastructures • Displace materials storage Attitudinal
Fire Economic
• Livelihood • Burnt Physical • Lack of knowledge & Skill
property -Houses, • Having traditional attitude
Physical Materials • Attached Houses, Old Houses with
35
• Burn CGI Roof, Narrow road. By lane
Infrastructures
• People • 15 Death • Dense Traffic Physical

• Damage Physical Materials • 60 Injury • Narrow road width Attitudinal
Road Accident Infrastructure
• Damage of • Negligence drive
• 18000 People • 1800 Death • House constructed without Physical
distribution pipes- Well, • Displace • Use of low quality construction Attitudinal
Physical Materials, Houses, • Demolition of Materials Economic
Earthquake 1084 Ha of Land House, • Lack of knowledge & Skill
Communication, 1 Health sub • Fire • Old House built, Narrow Road,
KTM post, School, Markets & Shop •
Metro-30 • 100% Livelihood
• Physical- Schools • 1000 Injure • Carelessness of LPG gas storage Infrastructures
• Infrastructures • Displace • Lack of knowledge & Skill Attitudinal
• 2% Livelihood • Burnt Physical • Having traditional attitude Economic
Fire
property -Houses, • Attached Houses, Old Houses with
Physical Materials CGI Roof, Narrow road. By lane
• Burn
Infrastructures
• 15000 People • Death • 15000 People • Death
• Physical- Water sources & • Injury • Physical- Water sources & • Injury
distribution pipes- Well, • Displace distribution pipes- Well, Physical • Displace
Physical Materials, Houses, • Demolition of Materials, Houses, 1/3rd Land • Demolition of
Earthquake 1/3rd Land House, • Infrastructures-Road, House,
• Infrastructures-Road, infrastructures Communication, 1 Health sub post, infrastructures
Communication, 1 Health sub • Fire School, Markets & Shop • Fire
KTM post, School, Markets & Shop 100 % Livelihood
Metro-31 • 100 % Livelihood
• 3000 People • Burn/Death • 3000 People • Burn/Death
• 100 Families • Burnt Physical • Physical- Schools • Burnt Physical
• Physical- Schools property -Houses, • Infrastructures property -
• Infrastructures Physical Materials 10% Livelihood Houses,
Fire
• 10% Livelihood • Burn Physical
Infrastructures Materials
• Burn
Infrastructures
• 12000 People • Death • House constructed without Physical
• Physical- 20 Livestock, • Injury earthquake resistant techniques Infrastructures
Water sources & distribution • Displace • Use of low quality construction Attitudinal
pipes, Well, Physical • Demolition of Materials Economic
Earthquake Materials, Houses, 1/3rd Land House, • Lack of knowledge & Skill
Communication, 1 Health sub Fire • Lack of Money
post, School, Markets & Shop
• Livelihood
KTM
• 100 People • Burn/Death • Unmanaged lining of electric wire Physical
Metro-34
• Physical- Schools • Burnt Physical • Carelessness of LPG gas storage Infrastructures
• Infrastructures property -Houses, • Lack of knowledge & Skill Attitudinal
Fire Economic
• Physical Materials • Having traditional attitude
• Burn • Lack of Money
Infrastructures
• 30 People • Death • Dense Traffic Physical
• Damage Physical Materials • Injury • Narrow road width Attitudinal
Road accident • Damage of • Negligence drive Infrastructure
Physical Materials
• 755 People • 50 Death • Many Houses constructed without Physical

• Physical- some Livestock, • 500 Injury earthquake resistant techniques Attitudinal
Water sources & distribution • Displace • Use of low quality construction social
KIR MUN-8 pipes- Well, Physical • Destruction of Materials in building
Earthquake Materials, Houses, 104 Ha of House, • Lack of knowledge & Skill
Land infrastructures • Having traditional attitude
• Infrastructures- 2% Road, • • Dense House attached with each
15% Communication, 7% other
36
Markets & Shop
• 5% Natural Resource, 15%
Economic Source
• 100% Livelihood
• 15 People • Death • Unmanaged old wiring of electric Physical
• Some Physical- Schools, • Injure wire, Laying Naked Electric wire Attitudinal
water supply, electricity • Displace • Carelessness handling of LPG gas social
Fire • Some Infrastructures- property -Houses, storage
Household, Livestock, water Physical Materials • Lack of knowledge & Skill
source, Natural Resources, • Burn • Having traditional attitude
Economic source Infrastructures • Attached Houses,
•
• 55 People • Jaundice, Diarrhea • Infected with communicable Physical
• Physical- Water sources and dysentery Diseases Attitudinal
contaminated • 5 Death, 25 sick • No attention on sanitation social
• close of schools • Turbid water supply during rainy
Epidemic season
• Lack of knowledge to purify drinking
water
• People,1000 families • 1200 Death • Many Houses constructed without Physical
• Physical- 3% Livestock, • 200 Injury earthquake resistant techniques Attitudinal
Water sources & distribution • 600 Displace • Use of low quality construction social
pipes- Well, Physical • Destruction of Materials in building
Materials, Houses, 3% of House, • Lack of knowledge & Skill
Earthquake • Infrastructures- 2% Road, • Dense House attached with each
15% Communication, 7% other
Health sub post, School, •
Markets & Shop
• 5% Natural Resource, 15%
Economic Source
• 100% Livelihood
KIR MUN 9
• People, 200 Families • 600 Death • Unmanaged old wiring of electric Physical
• Some Physical- Schools, • 400 Injure wire, Laying Naked Electric wire Infrastructures
water supply, electricity • 1000 Displace • Carelessness handling of LPG gas Attitudinal
• 80% Some Infrastructures- property -Houses, storage
Fire
50 Household, 2 % Livestock, Physical Materials • Lack of knowledge & Skill
5% water source, 100% • Burn • Having traditional attitude
Natural Resources, 95% Infrastructures • Attached Houses,
Economic source,
• People • 200 Death • Dense Traffic Physical

• Families • 100 Injury • Narrow road width Attitudinal
• Physical- vehicle damaged • Damage of • Negligence drive
• Some Infrastructures Physical Materials
• People, 350 families • 500 Death • Many Houses constructed without Physical
• Physical- 15 Livestock, • 1000 Injury earthquake resistant techniques Attitudinal
Materials, Houses, 10% of House, • Lack of knowledge & Skill
Earthquake • Infrastructures- 100% • Dense House attached with each
Road, Communication, other
KIR MUN Markets & Shop
11 • 80% Natural Resource, 90%
Economic Source
• 100% Livelihood
• People, 200 Families • Death • Unmanaged old wiring of electric Physical
• Some Physical- Schools, • Injure wire, Laying Naked Electric wire Infrastructures
water supply, electricity • 5% Displace • Carelessness handling of LPG gas Attitudinal
Fire
• Some Infrastructures- 50 property -Houses, storage
Household, 50 % Livestock, Physical Materials • Lack of knowledge & Skill
5% water source • Burn • Having traditional attitude
• Infrastructures • Attached Houses,
37
•
• People, 200 families • 500 Death • Many Houses constructed without Physical
Materials, Houses, 1/3rd of House, • Lack of knowledge & Skill
Earthquake
• Infrastructures- 100% Road, • Dense House attached with each
Communication, Health sub other
post, School, Markets & Shop • Weak and very old House with mud
KIR MUN • 80% Natural Resource, 90% tile, CGI sheet on roofs,
16 Economic Source
• 100% Livelihood
• People • Death • Lack of knowledge & Skill Physical
• 200 Families • Injure • Having traditional attitude Infrastructures
• Some Physical- Schools, • 5% Displace • Keeping thatch and firewood in Attitudinal
water supply, electricity • Burnt Physical kitchen
Fire obstruction, property - • Carelessness of individual
• Some Infrastructures- 50 Houses, Physical • Short circuit of the electric wire
Household, 50 % Livestock, Materials • Lack of Money
5% water source • Burn
Infrastructures
• People • Death • Old House and other structures Physical
• Physical-Livestock, Water • Injury • Knowledge of House constructed Infrastructures
sources, Physical Materials, • Displace with earthquake resistant Attitudinal
Houses, Land • Demolition of techniques
Earthquake • Infrastructures-Road, House, • Lack of knowledge & Skill
Communication, Health, infrastructures • Having traditional attitude
School, Markets & Shop • Fire • Lack of Money
• Livelihood
• People • Burn/Death • Lack of knowledge & Skill Physical

• Physical-Livestock, Water • Burnt Physical • Having traditional attitude Infrastructures
MTM-3 sources property -Houses, • Keeping thatch and firewood in Attitudinal
Fire • 20% Infrastructures Physical Materials kitchen
• 10% Livelihood • Burn • Carelessness of individual
Infrastructures • Short circuit of the electric wire
• Lack of Money
• People • Jaundice, Diarrhea • Lack of water supply in public Toilet Physical
• Physical-Livestock, Water and dysentery • No attention on sanitation Infrastructures
sources • Death • Open defecation Attitudinal
• 20% Livelihood • Itching, watering • Turbid water supply during rainy
Epidemic
of eyes season
(conjunctivitis) • Treatment with sorcerer

sources, Physical Materials, • Displace with earthquake resistant Attitudinal
Houses, Land • Demolition of techniques
• Infrastructures-Road, House, • Lack of knowledge & Skill
Earthquake Communication, Health, infrastructures • Having traditional attitude- Press the
School, Markets & Shop • Fire earth with thumb and shout, God
• Livelihood changes her daughter from one
MTN -6 shoulder to another
• Movement of land
• Lack of Money
• People- children • Burn/Death • Lack of knowledge & Skill Physical
• Physical-Livestock, Water • Burnt Physical • Having traditional attitude Infrastructures
sources property -Houses, Attitudinal
• Carelessness of individual
Fire • Infrastructures Physical Materials
• Short circuit of the electric wire
• Livelihood • Burn
• Lack of Money
Infrastructures
•
38
• People- children, Old, women • Jaundice, Diarrhea • No attention on sanitation Physical
• Physical- Water sources, and dysentery • Open defecation Infrastructures
• Eye • Death Attitudinal
• Livelihood • Itching, watering
Epidemic season
of eyes
(conjunctivitis) • Treatment with sorcerer
•
• People • Death/ burn/ • Destruction of House Physical
• Physical-Livestock, Physical Displace - • Lack of knowledge & Skill Infrastructures
Materials, Water sources, People, Livestock Attitudinal
Houses • Burnt/ Demolish
Storm • No preparedness for disaster
property -Houses, • Lack of Money
• People • Injury- People, • Cultivated land flooded, Destruction Physical
• Physical-House, Land, Water Livestock of crops Infrastructures
Flood source & distribution pipes, • Flooded of land • Lack of knowledge & Skill Attitudinal
• Erosion of fertile • Having traditional attitude
soil • Heavy Rainfall
• Some People • Burn/Death • Carelessness of the people Physical
• Physical-Livestock, Water • Burnt Physical • Throwing ignite cigarettes on thatch Infrastructures
sources property -Houses, • Improper handling of lPG gas Attitudinal
Fire • Infrastructures- Physical Materials • Naked electric wire
• Livelihood • Burn • Lack of knowledge & Skill
Infrastructures • Having traditional attitude
MTM-8 • Lack of money
• 1160 People • Death • Lack of knowledge & Skill Physical
• Physical- 25 Livestock, • Injury • Having traditional attitude Infrastructures
Water sources, Physical • Displace • illiterate people in community Attitudinal
Materials, 253 Houses, Land • Demolition of • Lack of Money
Earthquake
• Infrastructures-Road, House, • Lack of open space
Communication, Health, infrastructures • Narrow width of Road
School, Markets & Shop • Fire • Lack of Money
• Livelihood
• 350 People • Death • Old House and other structures Physical
• Physical- Livestock, Water • Injury • Knowledge of House constructed Attitudinal
sources, Physical Materials, • Displace without earthquake resistant
350 Houses, Land • Demolition of techniques
Earthquake Communication, Health, infrastructures • Having traditional attitude- Press the
shoulder to another, God gets angry
• Lack of Money
• People- children, Old , • Chicken pox, • Turbid water supply Physical
women, Diarrhea and • Treatment with sorcerer Infrastructures
• Physical-Livestock, Water dysentery • Spread of Communicable disease Attitudinal
Epidemic sources • Sick (Chicken pox, Jaundice)
• Livelihood • Death • Lack of knowledge & Skill
MTM-10
• • Having traditional attitude
• Dumping site near inhabitant
• People- children, old, women • Burn/Death • Lack of knowledge & Skill Physical
• Physical-Livestock, Water • Burnt Physical • Having traditional attitude Attitudinal
sources property -Houses, • Throwing cigarette with ignite
Fire • Infrastructures- Physical Materials • Carelessness of individual
communication, Health post, • Burn • Short circuit of the electric wire
School, Market Infrastructures • Lack of Money
• Livelihood
• People • Death/ burn/ • Old House Physical
• Physical-Livestock, Physical Displace - • Lack of knowledge & Skill Attitudinal
Materials, Water sources, People, Livestock • Having traditional attitude
Houses • Burnt/ Demolish • No preparedness for disaster
Storm
• Infrastructures- of Physical • Lack of Money
MTM-14 Earthquake • 2215 People • Death • Old House and other structures Physical
39
• Physical- Livestock, Water • Injury • Knowledge of House constructed Attitudinal
sources, Physical Materials, • Displace without earthquake resistant
434 Houses, Land • Demolition of techniques
Communication, Health, infrastructures • Having traditional attitude- Press the
shoulder to another, God gets angry
• Lack of Money
• People- children, Old , • Chicken pox, • Turbid water supply Physical
women, Diarrhea and • Treatment with sorcerer Infrastructures
• Physical-Livestock, Water dysentery • Spread of Communicable disease Attitudinal
Epidemic sources • Sick (Chicken pox, Jaundice)
• Livelihood • Death • Lack of knowledge & Skill
• Dumping site near inhabitant
• People- children, old, women • Burn/Death • Lack of knowledge & Skill Physical
• Physical-Livestock, Water • Burnt Physical • Having traditional attitude Attitudinal
sources property -Houses, • Throwing cigarette with ignite
Fire • Infrastructures- Physical Materials • Carelessness of individual
communication, Health post, • Burn • Short circuit of the electric wire
School, Market Infrastructures • Lack of Money
• Livelihood
• Physical-Livestock, Physical Displace - • Lack of knowledge & Skill Attitudinal
Storm
• People- children, Old, • Death • Old dense House and other Physical
Women, pregnant women • Injury structures Attitudinal
• Physical-Livestock, Water • Displace • House constructed without
sources, Physical Materials, • Demolition of earthquake resistant techniques
Houses, Land House, • Lack of knowledge & Skill
Earthquake • Infrastructures-Road, infrastructures • Having traditional attitude- Press the
Communication, Health, • Fire earth with thumb and shout, God
School, Markets & Shop changes her daughter from one
• Livelihood shoulder to another, God gets angry
• Lack of Money
MTM-16 • Physical-Livestock, Water • Burnt Physical • Having traditional attitude Social
sources property -Houses, • Throwing cigarette with ignite Attitudinal
• Infrastructures- Physical Materials • Carelessness of individual
Fire
communication, Market • Burn • Short circuit of the electric wire
• Livelihood Infrastructures • Lack of Money
• {improper handling of LPG gas
• Load shedding
• People- children, Old • Diarrhea and • Turbid water supply Physical
• Physical-Livestock, dysentery • Treatment with sorcerer Social
• Livelihood • Death • Spread of Communicable disease Attitudinal
Epidemic • Itching, watering ((Conjunctivitis, Jaundice)
of eyes • Lack of knowledge & Skill
(conjunctivitis) • Having traditional attitude
• Blind
sources, Physical Materials, • Displace with earthquake resistant Social
Houses, Land • Demolition of techniques Attitudinal
Earthquake • 20% Infrastructures-Road, House, • Narrow road width
Bhaktapur
Communication, Health, infrastructures • Lack of safe open space
-5 School, Markets & Shop • Fire • Lack of knowledge & Skill
• 10% Livelihood • Having traditional attitude
• Lack of Money
Fire • Physical-Livestock, Water • Burnt Physical • Having traditional attitude Infrastructures
sources property -Houses, • Keeping thatch and firewood in Attitudinal
40
• Infrastructures Physical Materials kitchen
• Livelihood Burn • Carelessness of individual
Infrastructures • Short circuit of the electric wire
• Lack of Money
• People- children, Old • Jaundice, Diarrhea • Turbid water supply Physical
• Physical-Livestock, Water and dysentery • Treatment with sorcerer Infrastructures
sources • Death • Spread of Communicable disease Attitudinal
Epidemic • 20% Livelihood • Itching, watering ((Conjunctivitis, Jaundice)
of eyes • Lack of knowledge & Skill
(conjunctivitis) • Having traditional attitude
• Blind
• People • Death • Old House Physical
sources, Physical Materials, • Displace with earthquake resistant Social
• Infrastructures-Road, House, • Narrow road width
Earthquake
School, Markets & Shop • Fire • High people density
• Livelihood • Lack of knowledge & Skill
• Lack of Money
• People- children • Burn/Death • Dense Houses Physical
Bhaktapur • Physical-Livestock, Water • Burnt Physical • Lack of knowledge & Skill Infrastructures
sources property -Houses, • Having traditional attitude Social
-7
• Livelihood Physical Materials • Narrow road width Attitudinal
Fire
• Keeping thatch and firewood in
kitchen
• Carelessness of individual
• Lack of Money
• People • Death/ burn/ • Old House
• Physical-Livestock, Physical Displace - • Lack of knowledge & Skill
Strom
• Infrastructures- of Physical • Lack of Money
• People • Death • Old House Physical
sources, Physical Materials, • Displace without earthquake resistant Social
• Infrastructures-Road, House, • Narrow road width
Earthquake
School, Markets & Shop • Fire • High people density
Livelihood • Lack of knowledge & Skill
• Lack of Money
• People- children • Diarrhea and • Dense House Physical
• Physical-Livestock, Water dysentery • Lack of knowledge & Skill Infrastructures
sources • Death • Having traditional attitude Social
Livelihood • Itching, watering • Narrow road width Attitudinal
Fire
of eyes • Keeping thatch and firewood in
Bhaktapur (conjunctivitis) kitchen
-8 Blind • Carelessness of individual
• Lack of Money
• People • Burn/Death • Turbid water supply Physical
• Physical-Livestock, Physical • Burnt Physical • Treatment with sorcerer Infrastructures
Materials, Water sources, property -Houses, • Spread of Communicable disease Social
Houses Physical Materials ((Conjunctivitis) Attitudinal
Epidemic
• Infrastructures- • Lack of knowledge & Skill
Communication, Health, • Having traditional attitude
• Livelihood
• Physical- Physical Materials, Displace - • Lack of knowledge & Skill Infrastructures
Water sources, Houses People, Livestock • Having traditional attitude Social
Storm • Infrastructures- • Burnt/ Demolish • No preparedness for disaster Attitudinal
Communication, Health, of Physical • Lack of Money
School, Markets & Shop property -Houses,
Livelihood Physical Materials
41
• People • Burn/Death • Lack of Public awareness Physical,
• Physical-Livestock, Physical • Burnt Physical • Lack of trainings Infrastructures
Materials, Water sources, property -Houses, • No preparedness Attitudinal
Houses Physical Materials • Lack of Money
Fire
• Infrastructures-
Livelihood
Bhaktapur • People • Death/ burn/ • Lack of Public awareness Physical,
• Property Displace - • Lack of trainings Infrastructures
-9
• Infrastructures People, Livestock • No preparedness of relief Materials Attitudinal
Storm
Burnt Physical • Lack of Money
property -Houses,
Physical Materials
• People • Diarrhea and • Lack of Public awareness Physical,
dysentery • Lack of trainings Infrastructures
• Death • No preparedness Attitudinal
Epidemic
• Itching, watering
of eyes
Blind
• People • Death/ Injured • Lack of Public awareness Physical,
• Property • Livestock • Lack of trainings Infrastructures
• Infrastructures • Physical Materials • No preparedness of relief Materials
Earthquake
Collapse of Road, • Lack of Money
Communication,
Health Buildings,
School buildings,
Market
• People • Death/ burn/ • Lack of pond, fire brigade Physical
Bhaktapur • Property Displace - • Lack of Money
-12 • Livestock People, Livestock
Fire Burnt Physical
property -Houses,
Water supply,
Physical Materials
• People • Diarrhea and • Waste, Physical,
Livelihood dysentery • Lack of Health Expert and Hospital infrastructures
• Death
Epidemic
• Itching, watering
of eyes
Blind
• People • Death/ Injured • Lack of Public awareness Physical,
• Property • Livestock • Lack of trainings, Infrastructures
• Physical Materials • No preparedness of relief Materials
Earthquake
Collapse of Road, • Lack of Money
Communication,
Health Buildings,
School buildings,
Markey
• People • Death/ Injured/ • Lack of pond, fire brigade Physical
Bhaktapur • Property Displace - • Lack of Money
-13 • Livestock People, Livestock
• Burnt Physical
Fire
property -Houses,
Water supply,
Physical Materials
• People • Diarrhea and • Waste, Lack of Health Expert and Physical,

Livelihood dysentery Hospital infrastructures
Epidemic • Death
• Livestock
Physical Materials
• People • Death/ Injured/ • not presence of organization Physical,
• Property Displace - (INGO/NGO) Infrastructures
People, Livestock • Lack of Public awareness
Bhaktapur • Physical-Houses, • Lack of trainings, No preparedness of
-14 Earthquake Water supply, relief Materials
Physical Materials
• Collapse of
Infrastructures
Loss of Property
42
• People • Death/ Injured/ • not presence of organization Physical
• Property Displace - (INGO/NGO)
• Livestock People, Livestock • Lack of pond, fire brigade
Fire Burnt Physical • Lack of Money
property -Houses,
Water supply,
Physical Materials
• 2143 People • Diarrhea and • Lack of Public awareness Physical,
dysentery • Lack of trainings, Infrastructures
• Death • Turbid water during rainy season Attitudinal
Water • Meal taken without washing hand
Sanitation & • Waste dumping on road, public
Hygiene places, River
• No preparedness of relief Materials
• No Human resource
• Lack of Money
• People • Itching & Burning • Lack of Public awareness on Physical
• Water sources of Eyes disaster reduction Social
• Eye • Blind • Turbid water during rainy season physical
• Meal taken without washing hand
• Waste dumping on road, public
Epidemic
places, River
• Hiding disease by women
• Changing of climate cause
conjunctivitis
• Lack of Money
• People • Death/ Injury/ • Lack of Public awareness Physical,
• Property Displace - • Lack of trainings, Infrastructures
• Infrastructures People, Livestock • No preparedness of relief Materials Attitudinal
• Livelihood • Physical-Houses, • No Human resource
Earthquake Water supply, • Lack of Money
Physical Materials
• Collapse of
Infrastructures
Loss of Property
• People • Death/ Injured/ • Lack of Public awareness Physical,
• Property Displace - • Lack of trainings, Infrastructures
People, Livestock • No preparedness of relief Materials Attitudinal
Fire • Burnt Physical • No Human resource
property -Houses, • Lack of Money
Bhaktapur
Water supply,
-16 Physical Materials
• People • Damage of • Lack of Public awareness Physical,
Land infrastructures • Lack of trainings, Infrastructures
Flood Attitudinal
• Loss of life • No preparedness of relief Materials
Loss of Property • No Human resource
• People • Death/ Injury/ • Lack of Public awareness on Physical
• Property Displace - disaster reduction Social
• Infrastructures People, Livestock • Turbid water during rainy season physical
• Livelihood • Physical-Houses, • Meal taken without washing hand
Water supply, • Waste dumping on road, public
Epidemic
Physical Materials places, River
• Collapse of • Hiding disease by women
Infrastructures • Changing of climate cause
• Loss of Property conjunctivitis
• Lack of Money
• People, 900 families • 2193 Dead • Many Houses constructed without Physical
• Physical- 50% Livestock • 4386 Injury earthquake resistant techniques Attitudinal
80% Water sources & • 100% Displace • Lack of knowledge & Skill Social
distribution pipes- Well, 20% • Destruction of • Having traditional attitude
Physical Materials, 1000 House, • Dense House attached with each
Earthquake Houses, 1/3rd of Land infrastructures, other
LALI Sub • Infrastructures- 60% Road, Natural • Weak and very old House with mud
MUN 1 80% Communication, 50% Resources tile, CGI sheet on roofs,
Health sub post, 10% School,
70% Markets & Shop
• 50% Livelihood
• 731 People , 10% Family • Dead • Dense Traffic Physical
Road Accident • Physical- vehicle damaged • Injury • Narrow road width Attitudinal
• Some Infrastructures • Damage of • Negligence in drive and avoiding Infrastructure
43
damaged Physical Materials traffic rules
• 731 People , • Water born • Many Houses constructed without Physical

• Physical- Water sources Disease- Jaundice, earthquake resistant techniques Attitudinal
contaminated, Diarrhea and • Lack of knowledge & Skill Social
• Spreading of Communicable dysentery • Having traditional attitude
Epidemic
disease • Dead • Dense House attached with each
• Households, close other
of schools, • Weak and very old House with mud
Community tile, CGI sheet on roofs,
• 9884 People, 45% families • 1161 Dead • Many Houses constructed without Physical
80% Water sources & • Displace • Lack of knowledge & Skill Social
distribution pipes- Well, 20% Destruction of • Having traditional attitude
• Infrastructures- 60% Road, Natural Resources • Weak and very old House with mud
80% Communication, 50% tile, CGI sheet on roofs,
70% Markets & Shop
LALI Sub • 50% Livelihood
MUN 3 • 247 People , • Dead • Dense Traffic Physical
• Physical- vehicle damaged • Injury • Narrow road width Attitudinal
• Some Infrastructures • Damage of • Negligence in drive and avoiding
• 247 People , • Water born • Many Houses constructed without Physical
• Physical- Water sources Disease- Jaundice, earthquake resistant techniques Attitudinal
contaminated, Diarrhea and • Lack of knowledge & Skill Social
• Spreading of Communicable dysentery • Having traditional attitude
Epidemic
disease • Dead • Dense House attached with each
• Households, close other
of schools, • Weak and very old House with mud
Community tile, CGI sheet on roofs,
• People, • 1161 Dead • Many Houses constructed without Physical
70% Markets & Shop
• 50% Livelihood
• People , • 38 Dead • Dense Traffic Physical
• Physical- vehicle damaged • 380 Injury • Narrow road width Attitudinal
Road Accident
70% Markets & Shop
• 50% Livelihood
• People , • 50 Dead • Dense Traffic Physical
• Physical- vehicle damaged • 100 Injury • Narrow road width Attitudinal
Road Accident
LALI Sub • Physical- 50% Livestock • 4300 Injury earthquake resistant techniques Attitudinal
80% Water sources & • 100% Displace • Lack of knowledge & Skill Social
MUN 8 Earthquake
Houses, 1/3rd of Land infrastructures, other
44
• Infrastructures- 60% Road, Natural • Weak and very old House with mud
80% Communication, 50% Resources tile, CGI sheet on roofs,
70% Markets & Shop
• 50% Livelihood
• 144 People , • Dead • Dense Traffic Physical
Road Accident
• 144 People , • Water born • Waste dumping near inhabitants Physical
• Physical- Water sources Disease- Jaundice, • Evolution of bad smell Infrastructures
contaminated, Diarrhea and • Turbid water supply during rainy Attitudinal
• Spreading of Communicable dysentery Economic
season
Epidemic disease • Dead
• Households, close • Having traditional attitude
of schools, • Lack of knowledge about sanitation
Community • Uterus problem in most women
• Insufficient drinking water supply
70% Markets & Shop
• 50% Livelihood
LALI Sub
• 72 People • Dead • Dense Traffic Physical
MUN 9
Road Accident
contaminated, Diarrhea and Attitudinal
season
Water sources & distribution • Displace • Lack of knowledge & Skill social
pipes- Well, 20% Physical • Destruction of • Having traditional attitude
Materials, 524 Houses, 1/3rd House, • Dense House attached with each
Earthquake of Land infrastructures, other
70% Markets & Shop
• 50% Livelihood
Road Accident
80% Water sources & • Displace • Lack of knowledge & Skill social
LALI Sub Physical Materials, Houses, House, • Dense House attached with each
MUN 12 Earthquake 1/3rd of Land infrastructures, other
70% Markets & Shop
• 50% Livelihood
45
contaminated, Diarrhea and Attitudinal
season
distribution pipes- Well, • Destruction of • Having traditional attitude
Physical Materials, Houses, 2 House, • Dense House attached with each
Earthquake Ha of Land infrastructures, other
Health sub post, 10% School, •
70% Markets & Shop
• 50% Livelihood
Road Accident
• Physical- 80% Water • 2330 Injury earthquake resistant techniques Attitudinal
sources & distribution pipes- • Displace • Lack of knowledge & Skill social
Well, 20% Physical Materials, • Destruction of • Having traditional attitude
Houses, 2 Ha of Land House, • Dense House attached with each
Earthquake
• Infrastructures- Road, infrastructures, other
Communication, Health sub Natural • Weak and very old House with mud
post, School, Markets & Shop Resources tile, CGI sheet on roofs,
• 50% Livelihood
LALI Sub • 110 People , • Jaundice, Diarrhea • Waste dumping near inhabitats Physical
MUN 16 • Physical- Water sources and dysentery • Evolution of bad smell Infrastructures
contaminated, • Dead • Turbid water supply during rainy Attitudinal
• Spreading of Communicable • Households, close Economic
season
Epidemic disease of schools,
Community • Having traditional attitude
• Uterus problem in most women
Road Accident
• Some Infrastructures • Damage of • Negligence in drive Infrastructure
damaged Physical Materials
Physical Materials, Houses, 2 House, • Dense House attached with each
Earthquake
Ha of Land infrastructures, other
Communication, Health sub Resources tile, CGI sheet on roofs,
post, School, Markets & Shop •
• 60% Livelihood
LALI Sub • 600 People , • Jaundice, Diarrhea • Waste dumping in Tukuchha River Physical
MUN 22 • Physical- Water sources and dysentery • Evolution of bad smell Infrastructures
contaminated, • Dead Attitudinal
• Spreading of Communicable • Households, close Economic
season
Epidemic disease of schools,
Community • Having traditional attitude
• Uterus problem in most women
• 600 People • Dead • Dense Traffic Physical
• Some Infrastructures • Damage of • Negligence in drive
damaged Physical Materials
46
Table 4: Capacity Matrix
VDC Ward Hazard Element at risk Coping mechanism Resource used Capacity factor
• People, 805 families • Shouting during the • Skilled and unskilled person ,Red Human
• Physical- Water sources earthquake and get help Cross, Club, Government Agencies,
& distribution pipes- • Rush to the open space CBOs, Neighbors, Sufficient Physical
Well, Physical • Observe the abnormal behavior Manpower for the rescue and relief
Materials, Houses, 1/3rd of birds and animals Attitudinal
operation
of Land • Construction of Earthquake
• Infrastructures- Road, resistant buildings by some • Physical Materials and food can be
Earthquake Communication, people purchased nearby Market
Health sub post, School, • Government took ignition in • People having Knowledge of
Markets & Shop widening the road building equipped with earthquake
• Livelihood technology
• Self-earned money
• Support from Ward Office, I/ NGO,
club
• Many Hospitals, clinic, Health post
• People • Cutting of dried trees and bush • Sufficient Manpower for the rescue Human
KTM • Some Physical- Schools, • No use of bio fuel in house and relief operation
Metro-2 water supply, • Using insulated wire • Physical Materials and food can be Physical
electricity obstruction, • Call fire brigade immediately purchased nearby Market
Fire • Some Infrastructures- • Alert the community about fire • Immediate take action by Attitudinal
• 1% Livelihood disaster Government Agencies, I/NGOs, Local
• clubs.
• Space available for safe shelter
during relief operation
• People • Monitor water sources • Toilet in every house Human
• Physical- Water sources regularly • Water supply from NWSA
contaminated, • Maintain Proper sanitation • Capable to purchase drinking water Physical
• Still Use of local Sesser for the jar
treatment • Deep tube well boring in most Attitudinal
• Immediately consult with
Epidemic houses
Doctors
club
• Treatment in Hospital, Health post ,
private clinic
• People, • Shouting during the • Skilled and unskilled person ,Red Human
• Physical- Water earthquake and get help Cross, Club, Government Agencies,
KTM sources & distribution • Rush to the open space CBOs, Neighbors, Sufficient Physical
Metro-10
pipes- Well, Physical • Observe the abnormal behavior Manpower for the rescue and relief
Earthquake
Materials, Houses, 1/3rd of birds and animals Organizational
operation
Communication, people purchased nearby Market
47
Health sub post, School, • Government took ignition in • People having Knowledge of Attitudinal
Markets & Shop widening the road building equipped with earthquake
• 100% Livelihood technology
club
• 18000 People • Cutting of dried trees and bush • Sufficient Manpower for the rescue Human
• Some Physical- Schools, • No use of bio fuel in house and relief operation
water supply, • Using insulated wire • Physical Materials and food can be Physical
Fire • Some Infrastructures- • Alert the community about fire • Immediate take action by Organizational
clubs.
Attitudinal
sources & distribution • Rush to the open space CBOs, Neighbors, Sufficient Physical
Materials, Houses, 1/3rd of birds and animals Organizational
operation
Earthquake purchased nearby Market Attitudinal
Communication, people
Health sub post, School, • People having Knowledge of
Markets & Shop building equipped with earthquake
club
electricity • Call fire brigade immediately purchased nearby Market
Fire obstruction,150 • Alert the community about fire • Immediate take action by Organizational
Households disaster Government Agencies, I/NGOs, Local
KTM • Some Infrastructures- clubs. Attitudinal
• 1% Livelihood • Space available for safe shelter
Metro-12
• 15 People • Public Awareness • Local Materials are available and Human
• Physical-Livestock, • Towards the Preparedness for used
Physical Materials, disaster • Available of manpower and Physical
Water sources, 95 • Used Local Materials Organizations
Storm Households • Strengthening the roof Organizational
• Infrastructures- • Available Self-earned Money
Attitudinal
• Livelihood
• 300 People • Monitor water sources • Toilet in every house Human
• Physical- Water sources regularly • Water supply from NWSA
contaminated, • Maintain Proper sanitation • Capable to purchase drinking water Physical
• Still Use of local Sesser for the jar
treatment • Deep tube well boring in most Organizational
Epidemic houses
Doctors
• Support from Ward Office, I/ NGO, Attitudinal
club
ivate clinic
KTM Materials, Houses, 1/3rd of birds and animals
operation Organizational
Metro-15 Earthquake of Land • Construction of Earthquake
purchased nearby Market Attitudinal
• 100% Livelihood
48
technology
club
• People • Cutting of dried trees and bush • Sufficient Manpower for the rescue Human
• Some Physical- • No use of bio fuel in house and relief operation
Schools, water supply, • Using insulated wire • Physical Materials and food can be Physical
• clubs. Attitudinal
• People • Public Awareness • Local Materials are available and Human
• Physical-Livestock, • Towards the Preparedness for used
Physical Materials, disaster • Available of manpower and Physical
Water sources, 95 • Used Local Materials Organizations
Storm Households • Strengthening the roof Organizational
Communication, Health, Attitudinal
• Livelihood
• Physical- Water regularly • Water supply from NWSA
sources, • Maintain Proper sanitation • Capable to purchase drinking water Physical
• 30 Household, • Still Use of local Sesser for the jar
Epidemic houses
Doctors Attitudinal
club
private clinic
• People • Shouting during the • Skilled and unskilled person ,Red Human
Materials, Houses, 1/3rd of birds and animals Economy
operation
Earthquake purchased nearby Market Organizational
club
KTM electricity obstruction • Call fire brigade immediately purchased nearby Market
Metro-16 • Some Infrastructures- • Alert the community about fire • Immediate take action by
Fire Organizational
clubs.
• People • Public Awareness • Local Materials are available and Human

• Physical-Livestock, • Preparedness for disaster used
Physical Materials, • Available of manpower and Physical
Water sources, Houses
Storm Organizations
• Available Self-earned Money Attitudinal
• Livelihood
• Physical- Water regularly • Water supply from NWSA
Epidemic sources, • Maintain Proper sanitation • Capable to purchase drinking water Physical
• Household, • Still Use of local Sesser for the jar
49
• Immediately consult with houses
Doctors • Support from Ward Office, I/ NGO, Attitudinal
club
private clinic
Materials, Houses, 1/3rd of birds and animals Economy
operation
• Infrastructures- Road, resistant buildings by some • Physical Materials and food can be Organizational
Earthquake Communication, purchased nearby Market
people
club
electricity obstruction • Call fire brigade immediately purchased nearby Market
KTM • 5% Livelihood disaster Government Agencies, I/NGOs, Local
clubs.
Metro-18
• 800 People • Public Awareness • Local Materials are available and Human
• 4% Physical- Water used
sources, • Available of manpower and Physical
Storm Organizations
Organizational
• Available Self-earned Money
Epidemic • People • Monitor water sources • Toilet in every house Human

• Physical- vehicle regularly • Water supply from NWSA
damaged • Maintain Proper sanitation • Capable to purchase drinking water Physical
• Some Infrastructures • Still Use of local Sesser for the jar
houses
Doctors
club
private clinic
Earthquake • People • Shouting during the • Skilled and unskilled person ,Red Human
pipes- 25% Well, 85% • Observe the abnormal Manpower for the rescue and relief
Physical Materials, behavior of birds and animals Infrastructures
operation
Houses, 1/3rd of Land • Construction of Earthquake
• Infrastructures- 60% resistant buildings by some • Physical Materials and food can be
Road, 80% people
Communication, 50% • People having Knowledge of
KTM Health sub post, School, building equipped with earthquake
Metro-23 Markets & Shop technology
• 100% Livelihood • Self-earned money
club
Fire • 400 People • Cutting of dried trees and bush • Sufficient Manpower for the rescue Human
• Some Physical- Schools • No use of bio fuel in house and relief operation
• Some Infrastructures • Using insulated wire • Physical Materials and food can be Physical
• 1% Livelihood • Call fire brigade immediately purchased nearby Market
• Alert the community about fire • Immediate take action by Organizational
disaster Government Agencies, I/NGOs, Local
• clubs.
50
• People • Give attention to the sanitation • Toilet in every house Human
• 55% Physical- Water • Keep food safe • Water supply from NWSA Physical
sources, 155 • Monitor water sources • Capable to purchase drinking water Attitudinal
Household, regularly jar structural
Epidemic • • Proper sanitation Social
• Deep tube well boring in most
• Purify water before drinking houses
club
pipes- Well, Physical • Observe the abnormal Manpower for the rescue and relief
Materials, Houses, 1/3rd behavior of birds and animals Infrastructures
operation
Earthquake purchased nearby Market Attitudinal
club
electricity obstruction • Call fire brigade immediately purchased nearby Market
• Some Infrastructures- • Alert the community about fire • Immediate take action by Organizational
Fire
KTM clubs.
Metro-27 • Space available for safe shelter
Storm • 1400 People, 40 • Public Awareness • Local Materials are available and Human
families • Preparedness for disaster used
• Physical-Livestock, • Available of manpower and Physical
Physical Materials,
Organizations
Water sources, Houses Organizational
Communication, Health, •
Attitudinal
• Livelihood
Epidemic • 300 People , 75 • Monitor water sources • Toilet in every house Human
families regularly • Water supply from NWSA
• Physical- Water • Maintain Proper sanitation • Capable to purchase drinking water Physical
sources, • Still Use of local Sesser for the jar
houses
Doctors
club
private clinic
Materials, Houses, 2 Ha of birds and animals Infrastructures
operation
KTM • Infrastructures- 60% resistant buildings by some • Physical Materials and food can be
Metro-28 Earthquake Road, 80% people
Communication, 50% • People having Knowledge of
Health sub post, School, building equipped with earthquake
Markets & Shop technology
• Livelihood • Self-earned money
club
51
Road • People • Capable to get treatment from • Traffic Police Human
Accident • some Families nearby Hospital • Local CBOs and Club
• Physical- Schools • Immediate action by traffic • Rules & Regulation of Traffic Physical
• Infrastructures police • Widening of Road
10% Livelihood Attitudinal
Infrastructures
Materials, Houses, 580 of birds and animals Infrastructures
operation
Ha of Land • Construction of Earthquake
• Infrastructures-Road, resistant buildings by some • Physical Materials and food can be
Earthquake Communication, 1 people purchased nearby Market
• Livelihood technology
KTM club
Metro-29
Fire • 700 People • Cutting of dried trees and bush • Sufficient Manpower for the rescue Human
• Physical- Schools • No use of bio fuel in house and relief operation
• Infrastructures • Using insulated wire • Physical Materials and food can be Physical
• Livelihood • Call fire brigade immediately purchased nearby Market
• Alert the community about fire • Immediate take action by Organizational
• clubs.
•
Road • People • Capable to get treatment from • Self-earned money Human
Accident • Damage Physical Hospital • Strict Traffic rules Physical
Materials • Immediate action by traffic • Insured vehicle Economic
police
• 18000 People • Shouting during the • Skilled and unskilled person ,Red Human
• Physical- Water earthquake and get help Cross, Club, Government Agencies, Physical
sources & distribution • Rush to the open space CBOs, Neighbors, Sufficient Infrastructures
pipes- Well, Physical • Observe the abnormal behavior Organization
Manpower for the rescue and relief
Materials, Houses, 1084 of birds and animals Social
operation Economic
Ha of Land • Construction of Earthquake
• Infrastructures-Road, resistant buildings by some • Physical Materials and food can be Attitudinal
Earthquake Communication, 1 purchased nearby Market
people
KTM • 100% Livelihood technology
Metro-30 • Self-earned money
club
• Physical- Schools • No use of bio fuel in house and relief operation
• Infrastructures • Using insulated wire • Physical Materials and food can be Physical
• 2% Livelihood • Call fire brigade immediately purchased nearby Market
Fire • Alert the community about fire • Immediate take action by Organizational
clubs.
• Physical- Water earthquake and get help Cross, Club, Government Agencies, Physical
sources & distribution • Rush to the open space CBOs, Neighbors, Sufficient Infrastructures
KTM pipes- Well, Physical • Observe the abnormal behavior Organization
Metro-31 Earthquake Materials, Houses, 1/3rd of birds and animals Social
operation Economic
Land • Construction of Earthquake
Communication, 1 people purchased nearby Market
52
• 100 % Livelihood technology
club
• 100 Families • No use of bio fuel in house and relief operation
• Physical- Schools • Using insulated wire • Physical Materials and food can be Physical
• Infrastructures • Call fire brigade immediately purchased nearby Market
• 10% Livelihood • Alert the community about fire • Immediate take action by Organizational
Fire
• clubs.
•
• Physical- 20 Livestock, earthquake and get help Cross, Club, Government Agencies, Physical
Water sources & • Rush to the open space CBOs, Neighbors, Sufficient Infrastructures
distribution pipes, Well, • Observe the abnormal behavior Organization
Physical Materials, of birds and animals Social
operation Economic
Houses, 1/3rd Land • Construction of Earthquake
Communication, 1 people purchased nearby Market
Health sub post, School, • Space available for safe shelter • People having Knowledge of
Markets & Shop during relief operation building equipped with earthquake
Earthquake • Livelihood technology
club
• Physical Materials and food can be
KTM
purchased nearby Market
Metro-34
• Immediately Rehabilitate the
sufferer
• Can be used local resources
• 100 People • Capable to change CGI roof • Self-earned money Human

• Physical- Schools with RCC roof • Wide road Physical
• Infrastructures • Easy access of fire brigade in all • Water in nearby river Infrastructures
Fire location • Available Fire brigades Social
• Good Management of • Available skilled and unskilled Economic
Communication people Attitudinal
• Making awareness in people
• 30 People • Capable to get treatment from • Self-earned money Human
• Damage Physical Hospital • Strict Traffic rules Physical
Road
Materials • Immediate action by traffic Economic
accident
police
• Physical- some earthquake and get help Cross, Club, Government Agencies, Physical
Livestock, Water • Rush to the open space CBOs, Neighbors, Sufficient Organizational
sources & distribution • Observe the abnormal behavior Manpower for the rescue and relief Attitudinal
pipes- Well, Physical of birds and animals
operation
Materials, Houses, 104 • Construction of Earthquake
Ha of Land resistant buildings by some • Physical Materials and food can be
Earthquake • Infrastructures- 2% people purchased nearby Market
Road, 15% • Government took ignition in • People having Knowledge of
Communication, 7% widening the road building equipped with earthquake
KIR MUN 8 Health sub post, School, • People having stored food technology
Markets & Shop • Self-earned money
• 5% Natural Resource, • Support from Ward Office, I/ NGO,
15% Economic Source club
• 100% Livelihood • Many Hospitals, clinic, Health post
• Some Physical- • No use of bio fuel in house and relief operation Physical
Schools, water supply, • Using insulated wire • Physical Materials and food can be Organizational
Fire electricity obstruction, • Call fire brigade immediately purchased nearby Market Attitudinal
• Some Infrastructures- • Alert the community about fire • Immediate take action by
Household, Livestock, disaster Government Agencies, I/NGOs, Local
water source, Natural • clubs.
53
Resources, Economic • Space available for safe shelter
source during relief operation
• Local Resource available for
temporary shelter
• 55 People • Give attention to the sanitation • Toilet in every house Human
• Physical- Water sources • Keep food safe • Water supply from NWSA Physical
contaminated • Monitor water sources • Capable to purchase drinking water Attitudinal
regularly jar structural
• Proper sanitation Social
Epidemic • Deep tube well boring in most
• Purify water before drinking houses
• club
•
• People,1000 families • Shouting during the • Skilled and unskilled person ,Red Human
• Physical- 3% earthquake and get help Cross, Club, Government Agencies, Physical
operation
Materials, Houses, 3% • Construction of Earthquake
of Land resistant buildings by some • Physical Materials and food can be
• Infrastructures- 2% people purchased nearby Market
Earthquake Road, 15% • People having Knowledge of
• Government took ignition in
Communication, 7% widening the road building equipped with earthquake
Health sub post, School, • People having stored food technology
Markets & Shop • Self-earned money
•
• People, 200 Families • Cutting of dried trees and bush • Sufficient Manpower for the rescue Human
KIR MUN 9 • Some Physical- • No use of bio fuel in house and relief operation Physical
Schools, water supply, • Using insulated wire • Physical Materials and food can be Organizational
electricity obstruction, • Call fire brigade immediately purchased nearby Market Attitudinal
• 80% Some • Alert the community about fire • Immediate take action by
Infrastructures- 50 disaster Government Agencies, I/NGOs,
Fire
Household, 2 % Local clubs.
Livestock, 5% water • Space available for safe shelter
source, 100% Natural during relief operation
Resources, 95% • Local Resource available for
Economic source, temporary shelter
• People • Capable to get treatment from • Traffic Police Human

• Families nearby Hospital • Local CBOs and Club
• Physical- vehicle • Immediate action by traffic • Rules & Regulation of Traffic Physical
Road damaged police • Widening of Road’’
Accident • Some Infrastructures Attitudinal
Infrastructure
• Physical- 15 earthquake and get help Cross, Club, Government Agencies, Physical
operation
Materials, Houses, 10% • Construction of Earthquake
• Infrastructures- people purchased nearby Market
Earthquake 100% Road, • People having Knowledge of
KIR MUN Communication, widening the road building equipped with earthquake
11 Health sub post, School, • People having stored food technology
Markets & Shop • • Self-earned money
•
• People, 200 Families • Cutting of dried trees and bush • Sufficient Manpower for the rescue Human
• Some Physical- • No use of bio fuel in house and relief operation Physical
Fire Schools, water supply, • Using insulated wire • Physical Materials and food can be Organizational
electricity obstruction, • Call fire brigade immediately purchased nearby Market Attitudinal
54
• Some Infrastructures- • Alert the community about fire • Immediate take action by
50 Household, 50 % disaster Government Agencies, I/NGOs, Local
Livestock, 5% water • clubs.
source • Space available for safe shelter
• Physical- 100% earthquake and get help Cross, Club, Government Agencies, Physical
operation
Materials, Houses, 1/3rd • Construction of Earthquake
• Infrastructures- 100% people purchased nearby Market
Earthquake Road, Communication, • People having Knowledge of
Health sub post, School, widening the road building equipped with earthquake
Markets & Shop technology
KIR MUN • 80% Natural Resource, • Self-earned money
16 90% Economic Source • Support from Ward Office, I/ NGO,
• 100% Livelihood club
•
• Death • Cutting of dried trees and bush • Sufficient Manpower for the rescue Human
• Injure • No use of bio fuel in house and relief operation Physical
• 5% Displace • Using insulated wire • Physical Materials and food can be Organizational
• Burnt Physical • Call fire brigade immediately purchased nearby Market Attitudinal
Fire property -Houses, • Alert the community about fire • Immediate take action by
Physical Materials disaster Government Agencies, I/NGOs, Local
• Burn Infrastructures • clubs.
• People • Using traditional method to • Sufficient Manpower (Neighbors) Human
• Physical-Livestock, press with thumb on the earth • Presence Government Body and Physical
Water sources, Physical and pray to God Community Based organizations Attitudinal
Materials, Houses, Land • Identify safe place • Few rescue materials structural
• Infrastructures-Road, • Construct house earthquake • Little knowledge and skills on Social
Communication, Health, resistant reducing disaster
Earthquake
School, Markets & Shop • Keep the relief and rescue
• Livelihood materials in public places like
library
• Manage touch light, rope,
shovel, chisel etc
• Storage of Food
• People • Keep gas cylinder in open • Sufficient Manpower (Neighbors) Human
• Physical-Livestock, space, • Presence Government Body and Physical
MTM-3 Water sources • Monitor electricity wire Community Based organizations Natural
• 20% Infrastructures • keep ignition materials like • Few rescue materials Attitudinal
• 10% Livelihood match box, kerosene at place • Little knowledge and skills on Social
Fire
where children cannot reach reducing disaster
• keep the industry and kiln far • Sufficient water source- well, pond
from inhabitants, • Transportation
• Store water
• Keep the First aid
• People • Give attention to the sanitation • Sufficient Manpower (Neighbors) Human
• Physical-Livestock, • Keep food safe • Presence Government Body and Physical
Water sources • Monitor water sources Community Based organizations Attitudinal
• 20% Livelihood regularly • Few rescue materials Social
Epidemic
• Keeping Foods safely • Little knowledge and skills on
reducing disaster
• Transportation
Earthquake • People • Using traditional method to • Sufficient Manpower (Neighbors) Human

• Physical-Livestock, press with thumb on the earth • Presence Government Body, Physical
Water sources, Physical and pray to God I/NGOs and Community Based Attitudinal
Materials, Houses, Land • Identify safe place Social
organizations
MTM -6 • Infrastructures-Road, • Construct house earthquake Institution
Communication, Health, resistant • Few rescue materials
School, Markets & Shop • Storage of Food • Little knowledge and skills on
• Livelihood reducing disaster
Fire • People- children • Keep gas cylinder in open • Sufficient Manpower (Neighbors) Human
55
• Physical-Livestock, space, • Presence Government Body and Physical
Water sources • keep ignition materials like I/NGOs, Community Based Attitudinal
• Infrastructures match box, kerosene at place organizations structural
• Livelihood • Few rescue materials Social
where children cannot reach
• Little knowledge and skills on
• keep the industry and kiln far
reducing disaster
from inhabitants, • Sufficient water source- well, pond
• Store water • Transportation
Epidemic • People- children, Old, • Give attention to the sanitation • Toilet in every house Human
women • Keep food safe • Water supply from NWSA Physical
• Physical- Water • Monitor water sources • Attitudinal
sources, regularly structural
• Eye • Proper sanitation Social
• Livelihood
Storm • People • Public Awareness • Sufficient Manpower Human

• Physical-Livestock, • Preparedness for disaster • Presence Government Body and Physical
Physical Materials, CBOs Attitudinal
Water sources, Houses • sufficient ponds, well structural
• Infrastructures- • Available rescue materials Social
• Livelihood
•
Flood • People • Placing Gabion boxes to protect • Sufficient Manpower- Human
• Physical-House, Land, • Plantation of Trees • Presence Government Body and Physical
Water source & • Place RCC Hume Pipe CBOs Attitudinal
distribution pipes, • sufficient ponds, well structural
• Available rescue materials Social
Fire • Some People • Put off fire throwing water • Sufficient Manpower- Human
• Physical-Livestock, from well, pond • Presence Government Body and Physical
Water sources • Call fire brigade CBOs and Red Cross Attitudinal
• Infrastructures- • Cleaning the surrounding • sufficient ponds, well structural
• Livelihood environment • Available rescue materials Social
• Keep the ignition materials and • Available space for evacuation
lighter out of reach of children • Money generated from I/NGOs,
• Keep the roof of house strong Government agencies
MTM-8 • Identify open space •
Earthquake • 1160 People • Using traditional method to • Sufficient Manpower- Human
• Physical- 25 Livestock, press with thumb on the earth • Presence Government Body and Physical
Water sources, Physical and pray to God CBOs and Red Cross Attitudinal
Materials, 253 Houses, • Keep the relief and rescue • Available rescue materials structural
Land materials in public places like • Available space for evacuation Social
• Infrastructures-Road, library • Money generated from I/NGOs,
Communication, Health, • Keep the roof of house strong Government agencies
School, Markets & Shop • Storage of Food •
• Livelihood • Identify open space
Earthquake • 350 People • Gather in open space when are • Available skilled and unskilled Human
• Physical- Livestock, outside the house manpower Organizational
Water sources, Physical • Hide under door frame, under • Presence of Government agencies Attitudinal
Materials, 350 Houses, bed, table, under stair and other CBOs Social
Land • Make a house in field • Available of safe space
• Infrastructures-Road, • Retrofitting of old house. • Use neighbor houses
Communication, Health, • Manage relief and rescue
School, Markets & Shop materials
• Livelihood • construct the house strong
• Storage of Food
MTM-10 • Identify open space
Epidemic • People- children, Old , • Wash hand before and after • Available skilled and unskilled Human
women, meal manpower, Health worker Organizational
• Physical-Livestock, • Wash hand after using toilet • Presence of Government agencies Attitudinal
Water sources • Storage of food and other CBOs Social
• Livelihood • Available of safe space
•
Fire • People- children, old, • Keep the ignition materials and • Available skilled and unskilled Human
women lighter out of reach of children manpower, Health worker Organizational
• Physical-Livestock, • Stock water • Presence of Government agencies Attitudinal
Social
56
Water sources and other CBOs
• Infrastructures- • Available of safe space
communication, Health • Available of water stock-pond, well
• Livelihood
Storm • People • Retrofit of the House • Available skilled and unskilled Human
• Physical-Livestock, • Public Awareness manpower, Health worker Organizational
Physical Materials, • Preparedness for disaster • Presence of Government agencies Attitudinal
Water sources, Houses and other CBOs Social
• Livelihood
Earthquake • 2215 People • Gather in open space when are • Available skilled and unskilled Human
• Physical- Livestock, outside the house manpower Organizational
Water sources, Physical • Hide under door frame, under • Presence of Government agencies Attitudinal
Materials, 434 Houses, bed, table, under stair and other CBOs Social
Land • Make a house in field • Available of safe space
• Infrastructures-Road, • Retrofitting of old house. • Use neighbor houses
Communication, Health, • Manage relief and rescue
School, Markets & Shop materials
• Livelihood • construct the house strong
• Storage of Food
• Identify open space
Epidemic • People- children, Old , • Wash hand before and after • Available skilled and unskilled Human
women, meal manpower, Health worker Organizational
• Physical-Livestock, • Wash hand after using toilet • Presence of Government agencies Attitudinal
Water sources • Storage of food and other CBOs Social
• Livelihood • Available of safe space
MTM-14
•
Fire • People- children, old, • Keep the ignition materials and • Available skilled and unskilled Human
women lighter out of reach of children manpower, Health worker Organizational
• Physical-Livestock, • Stock water • Presence of Government agencies Attitudinal
Water sources and other CBOs Social
communication, Health • Available of water stock-pond, well
• Livelihood
Storm • People • Retrofit of the House • Available skilled and unskilled Human
• Physical-Livestock, • Public Awareness manpower, Health worker Organizational
Physical Materials, • Preparedness for disaster • Presence of Government agencies Attitudinal
Water sources, Houses and other CBOs Social
• Livelihood
Earthquake • People- children, Old, • identified safe place • Available skilled and unskilled Human
Women, pregnant • Keeping the relief and rescue manpower, Health worker Organizational
women materials in public places like • Presence of Government agencies Attitudinal
• Physical-Livestock, library and other CBOs Social
Water sources, Physical • storage of Food • Available of safe space
Materials, Houses, Land • Available of water stock-pond, well
• Livelihood
Fire • People- children • Keep gas cylinder in open • Available skilled and unskilled Human
MTM-16 • Physical-Livestock, space, manpower, Health worker Organizational
Water sources • Monitor electricity wire • Presence of Government agencies Attitudinal
• Infrastructures- • keep ignition materials like and other CBOs Physical
communication, Market match box, kerosene at place • Available of safe space
• Livelihood where children cannot reach • Available of water stock-pond, well
from inhabitants,
• Store water
•
Epidemic • People- children, Old • Using toilets • Available skilled and unskilled Human
• Physical-Livestock, • Wash their hand after use of manpower, Health worker Organizational
Attitudinal
57
• Livelihood Toilet • Presence of Government agencies Physical
• Wash their hand before and and other CBOs
after meal • Available of safe space
• Constructed sewage • Available of water stock-pond, well
• Waste carried by municipality
• Proper sanitation
• Physical-Livestock, press with thumb on the earth • Presence Government Body and Physical
Water sources, Physical and pray to God Community Based organizations Attitudinal
Materials, Houses, Land • Identified safe place • Few rescue materials structural
• 20% Infrastructures- • Start Constructing earthquake • Little knowledge and skills on Physical
Road, Communication, resistant house reducing disaster
Earthquake
Health, School, Markets • Keep the relief and rescue
& Shop materials in public places like
• 10% Livelihood library
• Manage touch light, rope,
shovel, chisel etc
• Storage of Food
• People- children • Keep gas cylinder in open • Sufficient Manpower (Neighbors) Human
Bhaktapur- • Physical-Livestock, space, • Presence Government Body and Physical
Water sources • Monitor electricity wire Community Based organizations Natural
5 Attitudinal
• Infrastructures • keep ignition materials like • Few rescue materials
• Livelihood match box, kerosene at place • Little knowledge and skills on Social
Fire where children cannot reach reducing disaster
• keep the industry and kiln far • Sufficient water source- well, pond
from inhabitants, • Transportation
• Store water
• People- children, Old • Give attention to the sanitation • Sufficient Manpower (Neighbors) Human
• Physical-Livestock, • Keep food safe • Presence Government Body and Physical
Water sources • Monitor water sources Community Based organizations Attitudinal
Epidemic • 20% Livelihood regularly • Few rescue materials Social
• Keeping Foods safely • Little knowledge and skills on
reducing disaster
• Transportation
• Physical-Livestock, press with thumb on the earth • Presence Government Body Physical
Water sources, Physical and pray to God • Few rescue materials Social
Materials, Houses, Land • Rush to outside in open • Little knowledge and skills Attitudinal
• Infrastructures-Road, • Neighbors helps in search and • Transportation
Communication, Health, rescue operation
Earthquake School, Markets & Shop • Hide under bed or Table
• Livelihood • Hide under Door frame
• Construct house with
reinforcing the foundation
• Keep the relief and rescue
materials in public places like
library
• People- children • Keep gas cylinder in open • Sufficient Manpower (Neighbors) Human
Bhaktapur- • Physical-Livestock, space, • Presence Government Body Physical
7 Water sources • keep ignition materials like • Few rescue materials Social
• Livelihood match box at place where • Little knowledge and skills Attitudinal
children cannot reach
Fire
from inhabitants,
• Put off fire with wet sacks
• Take the help of neighbors
• People • Give attention to the sanitation • Sufficient Manpower (Neighbors) Human

• Physical-Livestock, • Keep food safe • Presence Government Body Physical
Physical Materials, • Wash hands before taking food • Few rescue materials Social
Water sources, Houses • Little knowledge and skills Attitudinal
Epidemic
• Livelihood
Bhaktapur- • People • Gather in open space • Sufficient Manpower Human
• Physical-Livestock, • Preserve foods • Presence Government Body and Natural
8 Earthquake
Water sources, Physical • Provide knowledge and skills CBOs Physical
Materials, Houses, Land • Construct earthquake resisting • Available rescue materials
58
• Infrastructures-Road, House
Communication, Health, • Place water tank in safe place
Livelihood
• People- • Place water tank in safe place • Sufficient Manpower Human
• Physical-Livestock, • Provide information through • Presence Government Body and Natural
Water sources posters and pamphlets CBOs Physical
Livelihood • Keep gas cylinder in open • sufficient ponds, well
space, • Available rescue materials
Fire • keep match box at place where
children cannot reach
from inhabitants,
• properly Manage the insulated
Electric wire
• People • Conduct sanitation programme • Sufficient Manpower Human
• Physical-Livestock, • Use of water purifier tablets • Presence Government Body and Natural
Physical Materials, • Provide information through CBOs Physical
Water sources, Houses posters and pamphlets • sufficient ponds, well
Epidemic • Infrastructures- • Available rescue materials
• Livelihood
•
• People • Retrofitting of the House • Sufficient Manpower Human
• Physical- Physical • Public Awareness • Presence Government Body and Natural
Materials, Water • Preparedness for disaster CBOs Physical
sources, Houses • sufficient ponds, well
Storm
• Infrastructures- • Available rescue materials
• Livelihood
• People Keep gas cylinder in open space, Sufficient Manpower Human, Natural
• Physical-Livestock, keep match box at place where Presence Government Body and CBOs Resource,
Physical Materials, children cannot reach safe locations Physical and
Water sources, Houses keep the industry and kiln far sufficient ponds, well Social
Fire • Infrastructures- from inhabitants,
Communication, Health, properly Manage the insulated
School, Markets & Shop Electric wire
Bhaktapur- proper management of water
Livelihood
9 stock (Construction of ponds)
• People Retrofitting of the House Sufficient Manpower Human, Physical
• Property Public Awareness Presence Government Body and CBOs
Storm
• Infrastructures Preparedness for disaster safe locations
• People Keep source of water neat & Sufficient Manpower Human

Epidemic • Water sources Clean Presence Government Body and
Protect eye Health Volunteers
• People Construct earthquake resistant Sufficient Manpower Human,
• Property House Presence Government Body and CBOs Physical,
• Infrastructures Stay in ground floor safe locations Natural,
Avoid keeping picture frame on Available Economic resources Structural,
Earthquake
wall near bed, Economic and
Avoid keeping flower pot on Social
parapet wall,
Bhaktapur- • People Keep gas cylinder in open space, Natural resources- Well, Pond, spring Human,
• Property keep match box at place where Sufficient Manpower Physical,
12
• Livestock children cannot reach Presence Government Body (Ward Natural,
keep the industry and kiln far Offices) and CBOs Structural,
Fire from inhabitants, safe locations Economic and
properly Manage the insulated Available Economic resources Social
Electric wire
proper management of water
stock (Construction of ponds)
• People Keep source of water neat & Sufficient Manpower Human,
Epidemic livelihood Clean Presence Government Body and Physical,
Health Volunteers
• People Construct earthquake resistant Sufficient Manpower Human,
Bhaktapur- Earthquake • Property House Presence Government Body, Local Physical,
Stay in ground floor NGO, INGO, CBOs Natural,
59
13 Avoid keeping picture frame on safe locations Structural,
wall near bed, Available Economic resources Economic and
Avoid keeping flower pot on Social
parapet wall,
• People Keep gas cylinder in open space, Natural resources- Well, Pond, spring Human,
• Property keep match box at place where Sufficient Manpower Physical,
• Livestock children cannot reach Presence Government Body, Local Natural,
keep the industry and kiln far NGO, INGO, CBOs Structural,
Fire from inhabitants, safe locations Economic and
properly Manage the insulated Available Economic resources Social
Electric wire
proper management of water
stock (Construction of ponds)
• People Keep source of water neat & Sufficient Manpower Human,
Epidemic livelihood Clean Presence Government Body, Local Physical,
NGO
• People Available Local man power, Man power (Government body, Human,
• Property government body, CBOs Technicians, CBOs, Local manpower, Physical,
Earthquake
Evacuating to the safe locations safe locations Natural,
Available of Rescue materials Structural,
• People Available Local man power, Man power (Government body, Physical Natural
• Property government body, CBOs Technicians, CBOs, Local manpower, Resources
Fire • Livestock Evacuating to the safe locations safe locations Structural, and
Available of Rescue materials Social
1072 Population Evacuating to the safe locations Safe Location, Health Volunteers, Physical,
Bhaktapur- Livestock Available of Rescue materials Rescue materials, Infrastructure
14 Epidemic Available Local man power, Health Post,
Toilet in most Houses
• 2143 People Local man power use Sufficient water, Physical,

Local material Health Post, Infrastructure
Water &
Toilet in most Houses
Sanitation,
Sufficient Manpower
Hygiene
Presence Government Body, Local
NGO
• People Evacuating to the safe locations Sufficient Manpower Human,
Epidemic • Water sources Available of Rescue materials Presence Government Body, Local Physical,
• Eye Available Local man power, NGO
Population Stay under beam during Man power (Government body, Human,
Land earthquake Technicians, CBOs, Local manpower, Physical,
House-School, Health Construct earthquake resistant safe locations Natural,
Centers, Markets House Structural,
Earthquake Source of Water Street drama for those illiterate Economic and
Physical Materials people Social
Press the earth with thumb and
shout stop
Get help by neighbors
population Escape outside from Fire Man power (Government body, Human,
Bhaktapur- House Put off fire Technicians, CBOs, Local manpower, Physical,
16 Fire Schools Call fire brigade safe locations
Source of Water Get help by neighbors
Physical Material
Population Street drama for those illiterate Man power (Government body, Human,
Land people Technicians, CBOs, Local manpower, Physical,
Flood Houses Street drama for those illiterate safe locations
people
Get help by neighbors
People To protect source of water from Man power (Government body, Human,
Livestock turbidity Technicians, CBOs, Local manpower, Physical,
Epidemic
Conduct awareness campaign safe locations
• People, 900 families • Construction of Earthquake • Skilled and unskilled person ,Red
• Physical- 50% resistant buildings by some Cross, Club, Government Agencies,
Livestock 80% Water people Human
LALI Sub CBOs, Neighbors, Sufficient
sources & distribution • Government took ignition in Physical
MUN 1 Earthquake Manpower for the rescue and relief
pipes- Well, 20% widening the road Organizational
operation
Physical Materials, • Immediately Rehabilitate the Attitudinal
1000 Houses, 1/3rd of victims • Space available for evacuation and
Land • Gained income generation better available transportation
60
• Infrastructures- 60% skills • Available Relief Kits
Road, 80% • Physical Materials and food can be
Communication, 50% purchased nearby Market
Health sub post, 10% • Some People having Knowledge of
School, 70% Markets & building equipped with earthquake
Shop
technology
• 50% Livelihood
club
• 731 People , 10%
• Capable to get treatment from • Traffic Police
Family
• Local CBOs and Club, Government
Road • Physical- vehicle nearby Hospital
Agencies
Accident damaged • Immediate action by traffic • Rules & Regulation of Traffic
• Some Infrastructures police • Widening of Road
damaged
• 731 People , • Toilet in every house
• Physical- Water sources • Water supply from NWSA
contaminated, • Capable to purchase drinking water
• Still Use of local sorcerers for
• Spreading of jar Human
the treatment
Communicable disease • Deep tube well boring in most Physical
Epidemic
Doctors houses Organizational
club
private clinic
• 9884 People, • Skilled and unskilled person ,Red
• Physical- 50% Cross, Club, Government Agencies,
Livestock 80% Water CBOs, Neighbors, Sufficient
sources & distribution Manpower for the rescue and relief
pipes- Well, 20% • Construction of Earthquake operation
Physical Materials, resistant buildings by some
1068 Houses, 1/3rd of • Space available for evacuation and
people
Land better available transportation Human
• Infrastructures- 60% widening the road • Available Relief Kits Physical
Earthquake Road, 80% • Physical Materials and food can be
• Immediately Rehabilitate the Organizational
Communication, 50% victims purchased nearby Market Attitudinal
Health sub post, 10% • Some People having Knowledge of
• Gained income generation
skills building equipped with earthquake
Shop
technology
• 50% Livelihood
LALI Sub • Support from Ward Office, I/ NGO,
club
MUN 3
• 247 People , • Traffic Police Human
• Capable to get treatment from
• Physical- vehicle • Local CBOs and Club, Government Physical
Road damaged nearby Hospital
Agencies Attitudinal
Accident • Some Infrastructures • Immediate action by traffic • Rules & Regulation of Traffic Infrastructures
damaged police • Widening of Road
the treatment
Epidemic
club
private clinic
• People, • Construction of Earthquake • Skilled and unskilled person ,Red
• Physical- 50% resistant buildings by some Cross, Club, Government Agencies,
Livestock 80% Water people Human
LALI Sub CBOs, Neighbors, Sufficient
sources & distribution • Government took ignition in Physical
MUN 6 Earthquake Manpower for the rescue and relief
pipes- Well, 20% widening the road Organizational
operation
Physical Materials, 498 • Immediately Rehabilitate the Attitudinal
Houses, 1/3rd of Land victims • Space available for evacuation and
• Infrastructures- 60% • Gained income generation better available transportation
61
Road, 80% skills • Available Relief Kits
Communication, 50% • Physical Materials and food can be
Health sub post, 10% purchased nearby Market
School, 70% Markets & • Some People having Knowledge of
Shop
building equipped with earthquake
• 50% Livelihood
technology
club
• People , • Capable to get treatment from • Traffic Police
• Physical- vehicle • Local CBOs and Club, Government
Road nearby Hospital
damaged Agencies
Accident • Immediate action by traffic
• Some Infrastructures • Rules & Regulation of Traffic
• People, • Skilled and unskilled person ,Red
Physical Materials, 544 resistant buildings by some
Houses, 1/3rd of Land • Space available for evacuation and
people
• Infrastructures- 60% better available transportation Human
Road, 80% widening the road • Available Relief Kits Physical
Earthquake Communication, 50% • Physical Materials and food can be
Health sub post, 10% victims purchased nearby Market
LALI Sub Attitudinal
MUN 7 • Gained income generation
Shop
• 50% Livelihood
technology
club
• People , • Traffic Police Human
people
Health sub post, 10% victims purchased nearby Market Attitudinal
Shop
• 50% Livelihood
technology
LALI Sub
MUN 8 • Self-earned money
club
• 144 People , • Traffic Police Human
• 144 People , • Still Use of local sorcerers for • Toilet in every house
• Physical- Water sources the treatment • Water supply from NWSA Human
contaminated, • Immediately consult with • Capable to purchase drinking water Physical
Epidemic • Spreading of jar
Doctors Organizational
Communicable disease • Deep tube well boring in most Attitudinal
houses
62
club
private clinic
people
Shop
• 50% Livelihood
technology
club
MUN 9
• 72 People • Traffic Police Human
the treatment
Epidemic
club
private clinic
Livestock Water CBOs, Neighbors, Sufficient
people
Shop building equipped with earthquake
skills
LALI Sub • 50% Livelihood
technology
MUN 11 • Self-earned money
club
• Physical- vehicle • Water supply from NWSA
damaged • Capable to purchase drinking water
• Some Infrastructures jar Human
the treatment
damaged • Deep tube well boring in most Physical
Road • Immediately consult with
Accident Doctors houses Organizational
club
private clinic
• People, • Construction of Earthquake • Skilled and unskilled person ,Red Human
LALI Sub Earthquake • Physical- 50% resistant buildings by some Cross, Club, Government Agencies, Physical
63
MUN 12 Livestock 80% Water people CBOs, Neighbors, Sufficient Organizational
sources & distribution • Government took ignition in Manpower for the rescue and relief Attitudinal
pipes- Well, 20% widening the road operation
Physical Materials, • Immediately Rehabilitate the • Space available for evacuation
Houses, 1/3rd of Land victims
• Infrastructures- 60% • Physical Materials and food can be
Road, 80% purchased nearby Market
skills
Communication, 50% • Some People having Knowledge of
Health sub post, 10% building equipped with earthquake
School, 70% Markets & technology
Shop • Self-earned money
• 50% Livelihood • Support from Ward Office, I/ NGO,
club
the treatment
Communicable disease • Deep tube boring, well in most Physical
Epidemic
club
private clinic
pipes- Well, Physical • Construction of Earthquake operation
Materials, Houses, 2 Ha resistant buildings by some
of Land • Space available for evacuation and
people
LALI Sub Health sub post, 10% victims purchased nearby Market Attitudinal
MUN 13 • Gained income generation
Shop building equipped with earthquake
skills
• 50% Livelihood
technology
club
• 330 People , • Capable to get treatment from • Traffic Police Human
Road nearby Hospital
damaged Agencies
Accident • Immediate action by traffic Attitudinal
• Some Infrastructures • Rules & Regulation of Traffic
• Physical- 80% Water Cross, Club, Government Agencies,
sources & distribution CBOs, Neighbors, Sufficient
pipes- Well, 20% Manpower for the rescue and relief
Physical Materials, • Construction of Earthquake operation
Houses, 2 Ha of Land resistant buildings by some
• Infrastructures- • Space available for evacuation and
people Human
Road, Communication, better available transportation
• Government took ignition in Physical
Health sub post, School, widening the road • Available Relief Kits
Earthquake Markets & Shop • Physical Materials and food can be
• Immediately Rehabilitate the
LALI Sub • 50% Livelihood purchased nearby Market Attitudinal
victims
MUN 16 • Gained income generation • Some People having Knowledge of
technology
club
• 110 People , • Still Use of local Sesser for the • Toilet in every house
Human
• Physical- Water sources treatment • Water supply from NWSA
Epidemic Physical
contaminated, • Immediately consult with • Capable to purchase drinking water
• Spreading of Organizational
Doctors jar
64
Communicable disease • Deep tube well boring in most Attitudinal
houses
club
private clinic
• 110 People , Human
• Physical- vehicle Physical
Road damaged nearby Hospital • Local CBOs and Club
Attitudinal
Accident • Some Infrastructures • Immediate action by traffic • Rules & Regulation of Traffic
Infrastructures

Livestock, 80% Water CBOs, Neighbors, Sufficient
Physical Materials, resistant buildings by some
Houses, 2 Ha of Land • Space available for evacuation and
people
Road, Communication, widening the road • Available Relief Kits Physical
Earthquake Health sub post, School, • Physical Materials and food can be
• Immediately Rehabilitee the Organizational
Markets & Shop victims purchased nearby Market Attitudinal
• 60% Livelihood • Gained income generation • Some People having Knowledge of
technology
club
MUN 22
• Spreading of • Still Use of local Sesser for the jar Human
Communicable disease treatment • Deep tube well boring in most Physical
Epidemic • Immediately consult with
houses Organizational
Doctors
club
private clinic
• 600 People Human
• Physical- vehicle Physical
Road damaged nearby Hospital • Local CBOs and Club
Attitudinal
Accident • Some Infrastructures • Immediate action by traffic • Rules & Regulation of Traffic
Infrastructures
65
Table 5: Seasonal Calender
VDC/ Earthquake Fire Flood Epide Landslide Storm Thunder Crops Festival Cropping Busy Leisure
Ward mics bolt harvestin s Time Time Time
g
1-2-3-4-5-6- 1-2-12 3-4-5-6 1-2-3- 3-4-5-6 1-11- 1-11-12 6-7 3-4-5-
KTM Metro-
7-8-9-10-11- 4-12 12 6-7
10
12
1-2-3-4-5-6- 1-12 3-4-5-6 3-4-5- 3-4-5-6 1-11- 1-11-12 6-7 3-4-5-
KTM Metro-
7-8-9-10-11- 11-12 12 6-7
12
12
1-2-3-4-5-6- 1-12 3-4-5-6 3-4-5- 3-4-5-6 1-11- 1-11-12 6-7 3-4-5-
KTM Metro-
7-8-9-10-11- 11-12 12 6-7
15
12
1-2-3-4-5-6- 1-12 3-4-5-6 3-4-5- 3-4-5-6 1-11- 1-11-12 6-7 3-4-5-
KTM Metro-
7-8-9-10-11- 11-12 12 6-7
16
12
1-2-3-4-5-6- 1-12 3-4-5-6 3-4-5- 3-4-5-6 1-11- 1-11-12 6-7 3-4-5-
KTM Metro-
7-8-9-10-11- 11-12 12 6-7
18
12
1-2-3-4-5-6- 1-12 3-4-5-6 3-4-5- 3-4-5-6 1-11- 1-11-12 6-7 3-4-5-
KTM Metro-
7-8-9-10-11- 6 12 6-7
23
12
1-2-3-4-5-6- 1-12 3-4-5 1-11- 1-11-12 6-7
KTM Metro-
7-8-9-10-11- 12
27
12
1-2-3-4-5-6- 1-12 3-4-5-6 3-4-5- 3-4-5-6 1-11- 1-11-12 6-7 3-4-5-
KTM Metro-
7-8-9-10-11- 6 12 6-7
28
12
1-2-3-4-5-6- 1-2-12 3-4-5-6 1-2-3- 3-4-5-6 1-12
KTM Metro-
7-8-9-10-11- 4-12
29
12
1-2-3-4-5-6- 1-12 3-4-5-6 1-11- 1-11-12 6-7 3-4-5-
KTM Metro-
7-8-9-10-11- 12 6-7
30
12
1-2-3-4-5-6- 1-12 3-4-5-6 1-11- 1-11-12 6-7 3-4-5-
KTM Metro-
7-8-9-10-11- 12 6-7
31
12
1-2-3-4-5-6- 1-12 3-4-5-6 1-11- 1-11-12 6-7 3-4-5-
KTM Metro-
7-8-9-10-11- 12 6-7
34
12
1-2-3-4-5-6- 1-12 1-2-3- 3-4-5-6 1-11- 1-11-12 6-7 3-4-5-
KIR Mun-8 7-8-9-10-11- 4-12 12 6-7
12
1-2-3-4-5-6- 1-12 1-2-3- 3-4-5-6 1-11- 1-11-12 6-7 3-4-5-
KIR Mun-9 7-8-9-10-11- 4-12 12 6-7
12
1-2-3-4-5-6- 1-2-12 3-4-5-6 1-2-3- 3-4-5-6 1-12 6-7 3-4-5-
KIR Mun-11 7-8-9-10-11- 4-12 6-7
12
1-2-3-4-5-6- 1-2-12 3-4-5-6 1-2-3- 3-4-5-6 1-12 6-7 3-4-5-
KIR Mun-16 7-8-9-10-11- 4-12 6-7
12
1-2-3-4-5-6- 1-2-12 4-5 1-2-4- 3-4-5 1-2-3-4- 1-2-3- 8-9-10
MTM-3 7-8-9-10-11- 9-10- 5-7-8-9- 8-9-
12 12 10-11-12 11-12
66
g
1-2-3-4-5-6- 1-11- 1-2-7 1-2-5-6- 1-2-3-4- 3-5-6- 6-7-8
7-8-9-10-11- 12 7-8-10 5-6-7-8- 8
MTM-6
12 9-10-11-
12
1-2-3-4-5-6- 1-7 9-10 2-8 1-7 3-7-8 3-8 9-10
MTM-8 7-8-9-10-11-
12
1-2-3-4-5-6- 10-11- 2-3- 2-8 1-2-3-4- 2-3-4-7- 2-3-8 9-10
7-8-9-10-11- 12 10-11 5-6-7-8- 8-9
MTM-10
12 9-10-
11-12
1-2-3-4-5-6- 10-11- 2-3- 2-8 1-2-3-4- 2-3-4-7- 2-3-8 9-10
7-8-9-10-11- 12 10-11 5-6-7-8- 8-9
MTM-14
12 9-10-
11-12
1-2-3- 3-4 2-3 6-7-8 2-3-4-5 8-9-
4-5-6- 10
MTM-16 7-8-9-
10-11-
12
1-2-3-4-5-6- 1-2- 3-4-5 1-2-3- 3-4-5 1-2-4-5- 1-2-3-7- 1-2-3-
7-8-9-10-11- 11-12 4 6-7-8- 8-9-10 4-5-6-
Bhaktapur-5 12 10-11- 7-8-9-
12 10-
11-12
1-2-12 2-3-4 1-4-5-6-
Bhaktapur-7
7-8-9
1-2-3-4-5-6- 3-4 4 4 1-5-6-7- 2-3-7-9- 3
Bhaktapur-8 7-8-9-10-11- 12 12
12
1-2-3-4-5-6- 11-12 3-4 2-8 1-4-5-6- 21-3-4-6- 3-4-7- 5-6-10-
Bhaktapur-9 7-8-9-10-11- 7-8-10- 7-8-10-12 8 11
12 11-12
1-2-3-4-5-6- 1-2-3- 1-2-3- 2-4-5-6- 3-9 2-3-9-10 2-3-7- 1-2-3-
7-8-9-10-11- 4-5-6- 4-5-6- 9-10-11- 8 4-5-7-
Bhaktapur-12 12 7-8-9- 7-8-9- 12 8--10-
10-11- 10-11- 11-12
12 12
1-2-3-4-5-6- 1-2- 3-4-5 2-8 1-4-5-6- 2-3-9-10 5-6-8- 10-11
Bhaktapur-13 7-8-9-10-11- 11-12 7-10 9-10-
12 11-12
1-2-3-4-5-6- 11 2-3-4 1-2- 1-8 1-2-3-5- 1-3-7--8 1-2-3- 6
7-8-9-10-11- 11-12 6-7-8- 4-7
Bhaktapur-14
12 10-11-
12
1-2-3-4-5-6- 1-12 4-5 2-3-4 1-2- 2-3-4-12 1-2--5- 1-2-3-7-- 1-2-3- 6
Bhaktapur-16 7-8-9-10-11- 11-12 6-7--10- 8 4-7-8
12 -12
1-2-3-4-5-6- 1-12 3-4-5 1-11- 1-11-12 6-7 3-4-5-
LALI Sub
7-8-9-10-11- 12 6-7
MUNI 1
12
1-2-3-4-5-6- 1-12 3-4-5 1-11- 1-11-12 6-7 3-4-5-
LALI Sub
7-8-9-10-11- 12 6-7
MUNI 3
12
1-2-3-4-5-6- 1-12 3-4-5 1-11- 1-11-12 6-7 3-4-5-
LALI Sub
7-8-9-10-11- 12 6-7
MUNI 6
12
1-2-3-4-5-6- 1-6-12 3-4 3-4-5-6 1-11- 1-11-12 1-6-7 3-4-5-
LALI Sub
7-8-9-10-11- 12 6-7
MUNI 7
12
1-2-3-4-5-6- 1-6-12 3-4 3-4-5-6 1-11- 1-11-12 1-6-7 3-4-5-
LALI Sub
7-8-9-10-11- 12 6-7
MUNI 8
12
1-2-3-4-5-6- 1-12 3-4-5-6 1-11- 1-11-12 6-7 3-4-5-
LALI Sub
7-8-9-10-11- 12 6-7
MUNI 11
12
1-2-3-4-5-6- 1-12 3-4-5-6 1-11- 1-11-12 6-7 3-4-5-
LALI Sub
7-8-9-10-11- 12 6-7
MUNI 12
12
LALI Sub 1-2-3-4-5-6- 1-12 3-4-5-6 1-11- 1-11-12 6-7 3-4-5-
67
g
MUNI 13 7-8-9-10-11- 12 6-7
12
1-2-3-4-5-6- 1-12 3-4-5-6 1-11- 1-11-12 6-7 3-4-5-
LALI Sub
7-8-9-10-11- 12 6-7
MUNI 16
12
1-2-3-4-5-6- 1-12 3-4-5-6 1-11- 1-11-12 6-7 3-4-5-
LALI Sub
7-8-9-10-11- 12 6-7
MUNI 22
12
Details of Vulnerability and Capacity factor of all community

Human vulnerability Physical vulnerability Infrastructure vulnerability
•Humans are vulnerable to the major disasters • Unmanaged construction of House • Construction of Multistoried buildings
like Earthquake, Fire, Epidemic and Road • House constructed without earthquake resistant • Waste dumping on road, public places,
Accident in Kathmandu Valley causes death, techniques River
injury and displace. • Some Old and weak houses, weak Foundation, attached • Damage of Communication system,
•Age factors and other social dimensions, Houses, Dense Houses Health buildings,
Children, Women, elder and disable persons are • Excess extraction of ground water • Narrow road width restrict entry of fire
most vulnerable. • Unmanaged old electric wiring, high tension line brigade, ambulances etc.
• without Insulation • Air Pollution, Environment degradation
• Turbid water during rainy season • Poor geo formation of Kathmandu Valley
• Lack of proper sanitation- Hand washing before meal for huge infrasstructures.
• Dense Traffic
The Human Vulnerability is more if any disaster In community, the physical vulnerability is more needs The geomorphological feature of
occurs and needs to reduce to give attention and to reduce the risk. Kathmandu valley is not stable needs
disaster preparedness. modern technology to develop
infrastructures.
Human capacity Physical capacity infrastructural capacity
• Self-earned money from livelihood • Presence of CBO’s , Clubs, Government owned Ward • Available many Hospitals, clinic, Health
• Sufficient Manpower for the rescue and relief Office, NRCS posts
operation (Community people, students, • Availability of basic needs and services • better transportation system, Available
Teachers, skilled and unskilled manpower, • Coordination with VDC office and Red Cross SC Ambulance
carpenter, CBOs Clubs, Government Agencies) • Space available for evacuation Available Relief Kits • Good communication system
• Physical Materials and food can be purchased nearby
Market
• Space available for safe shelter during relief
operation
• Available 5 sets of relief materials
• Mostly, Toilet in every house
• Available Water sources
The social capacity seems strong but still needs to be The Infrastructural capacity is sufficient to
The Human capacity is sufficient to cope the promoted through suitable mechanism-regular cope the disaster in Kathmandu valley
disaster but needs awareness and trainings. coordination, making access to the basic services and except the Earthquake with great rector
facilities. scale.
Social vulnerability Attitudinal vulnerability Environment vulnerability
• Less active social structure and institutions • Lack of Public awareness and knowledge on disaster • Lack of proper sanitation
• Government Organizations are not fully reduction • Turbid water during rainy season
equipped with disaster preparedness • Traditional attitude and lack of knowledge on change • Open defecation
• Lack of equal participation of men and • Lack of knowledge of Earthquake resist houses • Changing of climate cause conjunctivitis
women in any kind of disaster • Carelessness handling of LPG gas and ignition • Pollution through Brick kiln
• Presence of few organization in the materials and their storage • Deforestation
community for their specific jobs • Lack of knowledge & Skill
• No strict implementation of Rules & • Negligence in drive and avoiding traffic rules
Regulations • Lack of implementation of Rules & Regulation of Traffic
68
• Lack of Money in some community.
The community needs to make good Needs advocate with government authority, investing The community is able reduce some
coordination among all institutions existing in strategic awareness actions and to enhance their skill Environment vulnerability factors required
the community and give preference to all equal and knowledge. awareness and community managed rules &
participation in any emergency and development regulation.
works within the community from initial phase.
Social Capacity Attitudinal Capacity Environment Capacity
• Skilled and unskilled person ,Red Cross, Club, • Availability of basic needs and services Available natural resources- Bamboo,
Government Agencies, CBOs, Neighbors, • Coordination with VDC office and Red Cross Thatch, Water etc.
Sufficient Manpower for the rescue and relief • Some People having Knowledge of building equipped
operation with earthquake technology
• Support from Ward Office, I/ NGO, club
• Immediate take action and support by
Government Agencies, I/NGOs, Local clubs
The social capacity is strong with in the The attitudinal capacity is however less to address the Needs to change the perception of
community but needs coordination to develop attitudinal vulnerability community people about environment..
self-help capacity.
Table 6: Stakeholder analysis

VDC/Ward No. Name of institution Focal person Activities Coverage Resource Support
available sector
Ward Office Development works Ward
Kedar Narayan Social Community

NRCS Chhetrapati Sub Branch
Manandhar
Disaster Management Disaster

Committee
Primary Health Post
Nepal Telecommunication
Nepal Electricity Authority

KTM Metro-2
Women’s Forum
–
Social Empowerment youth
–
Voice of Children
Cooperative Corporations
Youth Club
Ward Office Sulochana Shrestha
NRCS Baneshwor sub Branch Shyam Lal Tandukar
Mahaldev Sthan Chhar

KTM-10 Suman Paodel
Chhimeki Kendra
Mahila Shrijanashil Kendra

Anita Chapagain
Nepal
Bishnu Kumari
Jyoti shree Mahila Samuha
Bhusal
69
Buddhanagar Ama Samuha Mandira Tandukar
Buddhanagar Development
Kiran Tandukar
Committee
Samudaik Prahari Sewa

Shyam Aryal
samity
Urban Health Clinic Kamal mainali
Mahila Jagaran Mancha Sunita Gautam
Development Ward
Ward Office
NRCS Mahabaudhha Sub Social Ward

Branch
KTM-12
Disaster Management Ward
Disaster
Committee
Ward
Primary Health Post Health
Samusayik Sewa Parishad Social Study Ward
Community Learning Center Development Ward
Ward Office Ward
Syombhu Club Ward
Bghagawan Paun Club Ward
Chagal youwa Club Ward
Ward
Dhumbakhel Club
Ward
Bhuikhel Tole Sudhar Samity
Shantunagar Tole Sudhar Ward

Samity
Ward
Samudayik Sewa Manch
KTM-15
Ward
Pragati New Mispunch
Ward
Nihuhity gwas Manch
Ward
Shree Krishan Sankirtan Kunj
Ward
Sports development Forum
Lakhu Tith Tole Sudhar Ward

Samity
Ward
Lakhu Tith jirnidhar Samity
Ward –
Dallu Awas yuwa Samity
Ward –
Ama Samuha
Ward
Elder Citizen Society
Ward
Pelma Samaj
70
Ward
Swatantra Yuwa Club
Ward
Neuhiti Gawas Khal
Ward
Ward Office Raju Shrestha
NRCS Paknajol Balaju Sub Ward

Laba Raj Shretha
Branch
Disaster Management Ward
Committee
Ward
Apollo Hospital
Ward
Pahelo tara Yuwa Club Navin Gurung
Ward
Balaju Tole Sudhar Samity Min Bahadur Tamang
Ward
Kumari Yuwa club Sanu Babu Prajapati
Ward
Frendship Yuwa Club Laxman Gamal
Shyam Krishna Ward

Nagarjun Samuha
Shrestha
KTM-16
Ward
Sudayik Bikash Yuwa Samuha Bishwa Sapkota
Dhana Bahadur Ward

Ekata Yuwa Samuha
Balami
Ward
Janapriya Mahila samuha Ganga Panthi
Ward
Pahilo Tole Upbhokta samuha Bharat Jung Upreti
Ward
Bais Dhara Yuwa Club Gautam Prajapati
Ram Sharan Ward

Thamel Pryatan Parishad
Thapaliya
NNepal Telecome Balaju Ward
Branch
Electric Authority, Balaju Ward
Branch
Ward
Sahakari Sanstha
Development Ward
Ward Office Subodha Khadka
Social Ward
NRCS Syombhu Sub Branch Rajendra Shrestha
Disaster Management Disaster Ward

Subodh Khadka
Committee
Health Ward
Aruvedik Aspatal
Chandra Kumar Sports Ward

Star Club
Maharjan
Sports Ward
KTM-18 Raktakali Club Vidhan Raj Maharjan
Sports Ward
Swetkali Club Sinu Kaji Maharjan
Sports Ward
Tamasipakha Club
Chhetrapati Pariwar Kalyan Health Ward

Dr. Shanti Joshi
Kendra
Development Ward
Nepal Bikash Samity Prakash Shahi
Bhagwan Das Education Ward

Community Learning Center
Tuladhar
71
Economy Ward
Nepal bank
Economy Ward
Yusian Development Bank Sarad Lal Shrestha
Economy Ward
Global Bank
Water Supply Ward

Water Supply Limited Dr. P. Chapagain
–Security Ward
Nepal Police Post
Electricty Authority –Electricity Ward

Minbhawan Branch
Economy Ward
Jayakali Saving Prem
Economy Ward
Jagat Janani Saving Anup Shrestha
Economy Ward
Kilagha Saving Babu raj Maharjan
Economy Ward
Exclupe Saving Saroj Raj Ghimire
Development Ward
18 WardTole Sudhar Samity Mahendra Shhi
Padma Ratna Business Ward

Agya Sakukrithi
Tuladhar
Development Ward
Ward Office
NRCS Paknajol Balaju Sub Social Ward

Branch
Disaster Management Health Ward
Committee
KTM-23
Sports Ward
Appolao Hospital
Service Ward
Nepal Telecom, Branch
Service Ward
Electricity Audhority Branch
Development Ward
Ward Office Anil Tuladhar
Sports Ward
Krishna Samaj Sewa Club Prayag Raj Shrestha
Sports Ward
Janahit Yuwa Samuha Saroj Maharjan
Prabhat Madhyamik Rajeshwor Man Education Ward

Vidhyalaya Shrestha
Shrre Krishna Prathamic Bishnu Prasad Education Ward
Vidhyalaya Caulagain
KTM-28 Education Ward
Kanya Mandir High School Mandira Pandit
Shuva Ganapati Ganapati Economy Ward

Saving and Credit Bimal Malla
CooperataiveSanstha
Shyam Singh Sport Ward
Baghal Yuwa Club
Maharjan
Social Ward
Ratna Mandali Bihar
Sport Ward
Sahid Sukra Club Rajesh Maharjan
Social Ward
Jyapu Luman Punch
Social Ward
Shree Gha Club Rajesh Maharjan
72
Lokheshwor Saving an Credit Economy Ward
Rajesh Man Singh
cooperative Sansthan
Social Ward
Gyanmala Bhaja Khal Dharma Maharjan
Nepa Laxmi Saving and credit Economy Ward

Hirakaji Dangol
Sahakari Sanstha
Dhan bahadur Social Ward
Tengal Kuma Khal
maharjan
Sport Ward
Ganesh Guthi club Shiva Ram Shrestha
Social Ward
Balchhe Tchwa Balake Khal
KTM-29 Ward
NA
KTM-30 Ward
NA
KTM-31 Krishna Pd Development Ward

Ward Office
Chapagain
NRCs Kamalpokhari Sub Social Ward
Ramola Rajbhandari
Branch
Disaster Management Disaster Ward
Committee
Health Ward
Model Hospital
Security Ward
Police Club
Cultural programme Ward

Pragya Pratisthan
Service Ward
Tourism Development Board
Health Ward
Blood Bank
Electricity Authority Service Ward

Departmrnt
Ward
Russian Cultural Center
Water Supply and Sanitation Service Ward

Corporation Branch Office
KTM-34
Health Ward
Miteri Hospital
Health Ward
Capital Hospital
Kathmandu Metropolitan City service Ward

, Map Branch
Economy Ward
Agricultural bank Lit.
Economy Ward
Banijya Bank
Education Ward
Bishwa bhasha Campus
Education Ward
Tri Chandra College
Education Ward
Shakar Dev Campus
Education Ward
Manbiki Vampus
Education Ward
Pdma kanya Campus
Kirtipur-8 Development Ward

Kirtipur Municipality Office BAlkrishna maharjan
Kirtipur-9 Shree Navajyoti Primary Education Ward

Shantaram Maharjan
School
73
Child care Ward
Pragati Shshu Syahar Kendra Shuva Laxmi Shyakya
Sports Ward
Shree Panga Youth Club Anil Maharjan
Sports Ward
Yuwa Forum Nishan Maharjan
Dhwakhashi Kiyaguthi Social Ward

Indra Man Maharjan
Social Ward
Hishi Misha Punch Gyani Maharjan
9 Ward Disaster Disaster Ward

Anil Maharjan
Management Committee
Sports Ward
Boys Sports Club Durka Man Maharjan
Panga Bahuudesya Sahakari Economy Ward

Shankar Dangol
Sanstha
Janhit Krishi Sahakari Agriculture Ward
Sanstha
Social Ward
Jwojalapa Misa Punch Menuka Mharjan
Jhingu Tiwa Saving and Credit Shree Krishna Economy Ward

Sahakari Sanstha Maharjan
Sankhapur Bhauudesya Economy Ward
Nareshwor Maharjan
Sahakari Sanstha Lit.
Social Ward
Sahid Path Vicha Guthi Karma Lal Maharjan
Ramesh man Education Ward

Panga Higher School
Maharjan
Social Ward
Jaya Santoshi Ma punch Laxmi Maharjan
Social Ward
Pragatishil Club Amrit Maharjan
Social Ward
Pahu Bicha Guthi
Social Ward
Pukar Nepal Bhupendra Khanal
Panga Saving & credit Economy Ward

Menuka Maharjan
Sahakari Sanstha
Guru Santa Man Social Ward
Dhokashi Dhime Khal
maharjan
Social Ward
Sahid Path DhimE kHAL Rajesh maharjan
Social Ward
Pahu Dapha Khal
Kirtipur Mun-11
NA
Vijaya Lochan Development Ward

Muni-ward No. 16 Office
Maharjan
Social Ward
Bl Kumari Misha Punch Samita maharjan
Bijaya Laxmi Social Ward

Narga Misha Punch
Maharjan
Social Ward
Kirtipur Mun-16 Luja Sahakari Santha Lit. Manjuli Maharjan
Technical & Skill Education Ward

Development Centre for Blind Sashikala Singh
& Disable
Social Ward
Balkumari De guthi
Social Ward
Narga Sana Guthi
74
Prakash Kumar
Khwopa higher school Education
Shrestha
Khawop College Rupak Joshi Education
Shyam Pd,
Yachhe Primary College Education
Dhawadyol
The Rising English School Kapil Banepali Education
Golden Gate Eglish School Anju Chipalu Education
Bishnu Bhakta
Pravat Ma.V. Education
Rajchal
Pravat Higher School Bimala Rajchal Education
Sirinken English School Education
Newa Ghuthi Yogi Syoso Social
Ghipasa safkrithi Blram Napit Social
Bhaktapur ward Yugtara Team Club Keshava Satata Sports

No. 5
Bhktapur Ward No.
7 Ward Office Jit Bahadur Khaiju Développent
Cooperatives Economy
Labour Madan Khatabba Physical
Jaya mahakali Mata Mahakaly Religions
Nawa devi
Social Ward
Khapwa Sakosh Balaram Gosain
Social Ward
Jaya Bhimsen sakosh
Social Ward
Bikash Sakosh Dil bahadur Tyal
Social Ward
Shalaha Sakosh
Ram Krishna Social Ward

Sarmadarshi Sakosh
Prajapati
Sukunda sakosBir Social Ward
Bhandesworh
Bhaktapur Ward
No. 8 NA
Chochhe Chhuma Ganesh

Saving & credit Cooperatives Rajendra dahal Economy
corporations Ltd.
Nawa Badhu Saving & credit
Cooperatives corporations Narendra Pd Sahi Economy
Ltd.
Shree Chhuma Ganesh Saving
Bhaktapur Ward & credit Cooperatives Siddhi Ram Awal Economy
No. 9 corporations Ltd.
Las Kush Saving & credit
Cooperatives corporations Rajesh Disti Economy
Ltd.
Nawa jyoti Club Rajesh Disti Sports
Bauddhik Bikash Mandal

Krishna Gopal Disti Education
Pustakalya
75
Balbodh Santi N.M.V Durya Bahadur Feju Education
Mahendra Gopal Ward

Santi Niketan M.V Education
Karmacharya
Ward
Bright Star English School Rajendra Shrestha Education
Ward
Dimo S. English School Binod Lama Education
Ward
Minarwa English School Rajendra Duwal Education
Bhaktapur Ward
No. 12 Ward
Youth redek Circle Raja Ram naga Sports
Bhaktapur Youth Information Ward

Pravin Sujukhu Sports
Foru
Ram Bahadur Ward
Integrated Haque Society Service
Prajapati
Indra Prasda Ward
Ward Office Development
Machasis
education Ward
Bal mandir School Narendra Huju
education Ward
Shree Pdhma High School Ram Hada
Social Ward
Nityanath Sakosh Shiva Kumar Tyan
Social Ward
Taleju Sakosh Ram Hari Gora
Bhashasewai Master Jagat Social Ward

Krishana Hari Sainju
Sunder Sakosh
Social Ward
Samuhik Sakosh Madhava Dhoju
Social Ward
Puja sakosh Prakash Joshi
Social Ward
Majas krishi Sakosh
Nepali Krantikari Bidhyarthi Education Ward

Jagat Ram
Sangh
Asahaya Sikchha Sewa Education Ward
Ram Pd panthi
Kendra
Abhibhawak Sustamansthiti Education Ward
Laxmi Narayn Silpkar
sangh
Health Ward
Community Health centre Nuhunchhe tyan
Ram Gopal Sports Ward

Nepal Scout
armacharya
Advocacy Ward
Nepal Bar Association Hari rawal
Nepal Tuberculosis Religious Ward

Mahendra Kayastha
Alleviation Corporation
Religious Ward
Ghatkha Bhajan Tuklshi Bhakta Tyan
Bhaktapur-Ward Religious Ward

Bhadrakali bhajan
No. 13
Yakit Ajima Saving & credit Ward
Ram Gopal Chaguthi Economy
Cooperatives
Sajhedari Saving & credit Chandra Bhakta Ward
Economy
Cooperatives Bhuju
Bhaktapur Ward Ward
Tekhapukha Society Pursottam Silpakar Social
No 16
Ward
Himchuli Yuwa Club Ram Gopal Chaguthi Sports
Yakit Ajima Tole Sudhar Ward

Kanchha Development
Samity
76
Ward
Degmana Balak Team Raju Wise Children activity
Ram Chandra Ward

Nawa Jagruk yuwa Team Development
Jakibanjar
Ward
Barahi Sudhar Samity Ananta Dhaubdel Development
Harsa Bahadur Ward

Chaguthi Social
Chaguthi
Ward
Thimi Guthi Tulshi Bhakta Thimi Social
Narayan Sunder Ward

Manandhar Yuwa punch Manadha Social
Ward
Bansa Gopal Bhajan Suraj Pradhanga Religious
Forest Development Ward

Nil Barahi Community Forest Nil Bahadur Khadka
Tigani Cooperation Economy Ward

Sanu Kaji Rajbahak
Committee
Education Ward
Shree Nil Barahi P.V. Surya Man Shrestha
Agriculture Ward
Nil Barahi farmer group Sharmila Rajbahak
Development Ward
Tigani tole Sushar Samity Umesh Rajbahak
Agriculture Ward
Tigani Farmer Group Kaji Lal Basu
Development Ward
Tigani Pani Pokhari
Social Ward
Nil Barahi Guthi Buddhi Kumar
Laxmi Bhakta Ecomnomy Ward

Thopa Bhchat
Shrestha
Sports Ward
Kopila Bal Club Meena rajbahak
MadhyaTimi Mun.-
3 Sports Ward
Madhyapur Karate Sangh Kaluram Theki
Social Ward
Nagarik Sachetana Kendra Tika Devi Bhusal
Sports Ward
Bode Spot club
Nirpur ganesh Saving & Economy Ward

Credit Cooperatives
Megha Saving & Credit Economy Ward
Ganesh Ram Kashula
Coopertaives
Sports Ward
Nikosera Yuwa club Raju Kaiti
Indreshwari Sports Ward

Unnati Bal Club
Dhaubanjare
Ram Pyari Farmer Ward
Yuwa Krishak Samuha
Dhaubanjar
Women empowerment Ward
Nilkamal Mahila Samuha Shova Nepali
Ishwari Bhakta Economy Ward

Yuwa Bachat Samuha
Dhubanjare
Jaya Shree Ganesh Saving & Kanchha Dhawa Ward
Economy
Credit Cooperatives Bode
MadhyaTimi Mun.- Shree Siddhi Ganesh yuwa Ward
Ravin Bode
6 Bachanalya
Shree Siddhi Ganesh Misa Chanda Keshari Ward
puch Sinkman
77
Shree Siddhi Ganesh Mahila Krishna Devi Dhawa Ward
samuha Bode
Prgya Saving & Credit Ward
Dil Krishna abode Economy
Cooperatives
Ward
Samuhik Sewa Kendra Bishnu maya Sayan
Ward
Lord Buddha English School Buddha Ratna Bode Education
Krishna Kumar Ward

Nagdesh Buddha Bihar
Prajapati
Tirtha Bahadur Ward
Yoksa
Baidhha
Ward
Boudha Lyamha Punch Vikesh Prajapati
Women empowerment Ward

Ama Samuha Umesh Shrestha
Ward
Santi Yuwa Club Purna Jyoti Sakya Social
Nanda Krishna Ward

Yuwa Milan Kendra social
Shrestha
Madhya Thimi Krishna Kaji Ward
8 No. Ward Office Development
Mun.-8 Prajapati
Shuva Laxmi Saving & Credit Chandra Krishna Ward
Economy
Coopertaives Prajapati
Bishwa Binayak Saving & Ward
Bal Mukunda Economy
Credit Coopertaives
Chapocho Community Ward
Ramesh Duwadi development
Development Corporation
Madhya Thimi Ward
Mun.-10 Shree Siddhikali School Tara Devi Rai Education
Ward
Hukum Fermasetucal P. Ltd Medicine
Trishana Saving & Credit Ward

Economy
Coopertaives
Shyam Bhakta Ward
Siddhikali Yuwa Club Sports
Shrestha
Ward
Yuwa Red Cross Circle Ranjan Prajapati Social
Ward
Nasnani basuri Khala Krishna B. Prajapati
Ward
Shree Siddhikali M. Khal. Panca maya Prajapati Education
Madhya Thimi
Mun.-14 Dharma Sundar Ward
Lyamha Punch
Bajracharya
Chandra Krishna Ward
Thimi Swabalamban B.S.
Prajapati
Chamunda Saving & Credit Kanchha Kaji Ward
Economy
Coopertaives Prajapati
Shree Siddhikali Saving & Ward
Ratna Kaji Prajapati Economy
Credit Coopertaives
Ward
Yuwa Red Cross Jeevan Shrestha Development
Ward
M-14 Club Ashok Bajracharya Sports
Madhya Thimi Ward

Madhyapur 14 Club Ravindra Shrestha Sports
Mun.-16
Ward
Dip jyoti club Sunil Kumar Sports
Ward
Pragati Bachnalaya Kabindra Shrestha Development
78
Ward
Shree Guru Ganesh Dime Kha KAbindra Shrestha Culture
Ward
Bal Kumari Dhime Khal Sunil Shrestha Culture
Ward
Bishnu Bir Dhime Khal Rajendra Shrestha Culture
Ward
Best Group Nepal Madhava Shrestha Culture
Ward
Tachhu Tole Bhajan Mandal Bal Krishna Pila Religious
Radha Krishna Bhajan Ward

Hari Maya Kayastha Religious
Mandal
Ward
Bal Kumari Bhajan mandal Bal Krishna Religious
Ward
World Vision Pradeep Shrestha Development
Bal Kumari Samrachhan tatha Ward

Nanda Krishna development
Sudhar Manch
Shankhadhar Chauk guru Ward
Kumar Shrestha Development
yojana Users Committee
Purna Keshari Ward
Nagarik Manch Balkumari Social
Mancha
Suva Shree Saving & Credit Kashi Bhakta Ward
Economy
Cooperative shrestha
Ward
T.B Hospital Dr. Kashi Kanta Jha Health
Kanchan Jungha Saving & Ward

Uddhav Siwakoti Economy
Credit Cooperative
Sarathi Saving & Credit Ward
Umesh Khadka Economy
Cooperative
Lokanthali Saving & Credit Ward
Sanu Kaji Heka Economy
Cooperative
Management Saving & Credit Ward
Tilima Parajuli Economy
Cooperative
Dachhinkali Saving & Credit Ward
Radha Humagain Economy
Cooperative
Dibyashwari Saving & Credit Ward
Hari Lal Kuthu Economy
Cooperative
Jana Kalyan Saving & Credit Ward
Saraswati basnet Economy
Cooperative
Jaljala Saving & Credit Ward
Kalpana Chungul Economy
Cooperative
Jana premi Saving & Credit Ward
Shiva Karki Economy
Cooperative
Kalpa Brikchha Saving & Ward
Ram B Khadka Economy
Credit Cooperative
Ujyalo Saving & Credit Ward
Rameshwor Bhuj Economy
Cooperative
Agrani Saving & Credit Ward
Pavitra Pokharel Economy
Cooperative
Lokantha,I Saving & Credit Rabindra Nath Ward
Economy
Cooperative Khadka
Ward
Dibyashwari nagarik Samaj Durga Ghimire Social
Ward
Araniko Yatayat Sewa samity Jeet Bahadur Bharati service
Birendra kumar Ward

Miteri Hospital Health
Shrestha
Ward
Arjan cooperative Economy
Kamal Khadka Samrity Ward

Bhai Krishna Khadka
Pratisthan
79
Ward
Kamal yuwa Club Sports
Ward
Sub Health Post Anju Basnet Health
LALI S MUNI Ward NA

No. 1
LALI S MUNI Ward NA
No. 3
LALI S MUNI Ward NA
No. 6
Shree Gyan Kunj mandir Education Ward
Hera Bahadur Sakya
secondary School
Women Empowerment Ward
Amrit Barna mahila Samuha Sannani
LALI S MUNI Ward Economy Ward

Yechhu Maya Bachat Samuha Sumit Sakya
No. 7
Economy Ward
Amrit Barna Bachat Samuha Madan Sakya
Development Ward
Tole Sudhar Samity Rabin Maharjan
BasuDev Bista Development Ward

Ward Office
Sanukaji Maharjan Disaster Ward

CBMMHRR 8
LALI S MUNI Ward
No. 8 Ramita Maharjan Health Ward
Matru Shisu Swasthya Kendra
Nani Maharjan Women Empowerment Ward

Guit Ma Puch
LALI S MUNI Ward

No. 9 NA
LALI S MUNI Ward NA

No. 11
LALI S MUNI Ward NA
No. 12
LALI S MUNI Ward NA
No. 13
LALI S MUNI Ward NA
No. 16
LALI S MUNI Ward NA
No. 20
LALI S MUNI Ward NA
No. 22
LALI S MUNI Ward NA
No. 9
80
Table 7: Livelihood matrix
VDC/Ward Livelihood Available Hazards that threaten the resources Way of strengthening livelihood
activities resources for
livelihood
Daily Wages Epidemic Land, House and settlement destroy, No work, no
education
KTM Metro -2 Business Lack of skilled manpower, Obstruction of access Road,
No transportation, No business
Foreign job Low income, Jobless, no security, starvation
Service Earthquake, Fire Damage Industries, Burn Equipment & Machines, No
work
KTM Metro - Daily Wages Epidemic Land, House an settlement destroy, No work
10 Business Lack of skilled manpower, Obstruction of access Road,
Foreign job Low income, Jobless, no security
work
work
work
Agriculture Flood Field silted, waterlogged, Crop Damaged
Livestock Epidemic Sick, death of Cattles
KTM Metro -
Business Lack of skilled manpower, Obstruction of access, No
18
transportation
KTM Metro -
23 Business Lack of skilled manpower, Obstruction of access, No
transportation
KTM Metro -
27
81
transportation
KTM Metro -
transportation
KTM Metro -
transportation
Daily wage labour Earthquake No work during disaster
KTM Metro -
transportation
30
Service Office, Industries demolish, Access obstructed
Daily wage labour No work during disaster
KTM Metro -
transportation
31
Daily wage labour No work during disaster
KTM Metro - Business Lack of skilled manpower, Obstruction of access, No
34 transportation
Foreign job Low income, Jobless
Daily Wages Epidemic Land, House and settlement destroy, No work, no education
Business Lack of skilled manpower, Obstruction of access Road, No
KIR MUN-8
transportation, No business
Agriculture Lack of fertilizer, Lack of irrigation, No Production, starvation
KIR MUN-9 Business Lack of skilled manpower, Obstruction of access Road, No
KIR MUN-11
KIR MUN-16
Agriculture Land Monkey attack, Hail Storm, Low rainfall
Labour Manpower Sick
MTM-3 Daily wage labour Could not get continuous job
Carpenter Accident, Load shedding
Others Tourism sector NA Strike, No Visitor
Agriculture Land Hail Storm, Vegetable Farming
Labour Manpower Fire; Office, House
Daily wage Labour Could not get continuous job during rainy day
Carpenter Earthquake, Fire- Obstruction in doing work
MTM-6
Others Tourism sector Strike, No Visitor
Business Fire Earthquake, Loss In business,
Service Earthquake, Office, House demolished
Foreign job Earthquake, Helpless of Family members
Agriculture Hailstorm, Low production
Labour Earthquake, Fire- Obstruction in doing work
Daily wage Labour Earthquake, Fire- Obstruction in doing work
MTM-8
Others Tourism sector Strike, No Visitor
Business Earthquake, No access of Road
Service Earthquake, Fire- Demolish of Office, Road, House
82
MTM-10
Others Pottery Rainfall, Storm, Fire
Business Earthquake, Storm, Fire- Demolish of Office, Road, House
MTM-14
Others Pottery Rainfall, Storm, Fire
Business Earthquake, Storm, Fire- Demolish of Office, Road, House
Agriculture Flood, Destruction of crops
Daily wage Labour Could not get continuous job
Carpenter Accident
MTM-16
Others Tourism sector Strike, No visitors
Business Loss In business
Service Temporary job
Foreign job Cheating from Broker
Agriculture Storm, affected with Insect
Labour Strom,
Daily wage Labour Could not get continuous job
Carpenter Accident
Bhaktapur-5
Agriculture Disease, affected with Insect
Labour Earthquake,
Daily wage Labour Problem of daily food
Bhaktapur-7 Carpenter Fire, burning of Equipment
Agriculture Disease, affected with Insect, Drought
Labour Strike, Problem of livelihood
Daily wage Labour Accident, Problem of livelihood
Bhaktapur-8 Carpenter Strike, No transportation of wood
Business Strike
Agriculture Earthquake, Drought causes low production
Labour Fire, Obstruction of Access of Road
Daily wage Labour Unable to go for work due to fire
Carpenter Unable to do work
Bhaktapur-9
Business Earthquake, No business due to house collapse
Service Strike, Obstruction in administrative work
Agriculture Plant disease
Labour Earthquake
Daily wage Labour Earthquake
Carpenter Earthquake
Bhaktapur-12
Others Tourism sector Earthquake
Business Earthquake
Service Earthquake
Foreign job Earthquake
83
Agriculture Plant disease, low production
Labour Epidemic, low income
Daily wage Labour Earthquake, No access of road
Carpenter Earthquake
Bhaktapur-13
Business Earthquake, load shedding, No access of road
Service Earthquake, No access of road
Agriculture Plant disease, Ant, Fly, Insect, Soil degradation, low
production, Different Problems related to Agriculture
Labour Earthquake, difficult to work, Strike, unstable Market
Daily wage Labour Earthquake, No access of road
Bhaktapur-14 Carpenter Earthquake, load shedding, No work
Others Tourism sector Earthquake, load shedding
Business Earthquake, load shedding
Service Earthquake, No access of road
Foreign job Earthquake
Agriculture Plant disease, low production
Labour Fire, Obstruction of Access of Road
Bhaktapur-16 Daily wage Labour Unable to go for work due to fire
Carpenter Unable to do work
LALI MUNI
Sub 1
Daily Wages Land, House and settlement destroy, No work, no education
LALI MUNI
Sub 3
LALI MUNI
Sub 6
LALI MUNI
Sub 7
LALI MUNI
Sub 8
LALI MUNI
Sub 9
LALI MUNI
Sub 11
LALI MUNI
Sub 12
LALI MUNI Service Office, Industries demolish, Access obstructed
84
Sub 13 Business Lack of skilled manpower, Obstruction of access Road, No
LALI MUNI
Sub 16
LALI MUNI
Sub 22
Table 8: Problem and Solution Matrix

VDC/Ward Problems Effects/losses Way of strengthening livelihood
Death, Injury, Displace Construction of Earthquake resistant Houses, conduct awareness campaign
Destruction of House, and trainings for preparedness , Form a Disaster Risk Reduction Team in a
infrastructures, Environment ward, Take suggestion from Engineers for the construction of building and
Earthquake
degradation, Damage of livelihoods other infrastructures, Make a participation from all stakeholders in any
development works, Establish the emergency fund in a community, Widen
the access Road, Establish the early warning system
Death, Injure, Displace IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, Keep gas cylinder in open
Burnt Physical property -Houses, space, keep match box and other ignition Materials at place where children
KTM Metro-
Physical Materials cannot reach, Make aware the people about hazard , Conduct the training to
2 Fire
Burn Infrastructures, livelihood the people on Rescue and Relief, Make a participation from all stakeholders
system, environmental degradation in any development works, Establish the emergency fund in a community,
Widen the access Road, Establish the early warning system
Illness, may cause death, Financial IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, Keep the water source neat
crisis, decrease in livelihood, & clean, conduct health awareness campaign and trainings. Keep the food
Epidemic environment degradation safely, Give attention in proper sanitation, Give training on First Aid, Establish
the early warning system. Regularize drinking water supply from the
government.
Earthquake
KTM Metro- the access Road, Establish the early warning system
10 Death, Injure, Displace IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, Keep gas cylinder in open
Fire
Earthquake
KTM Metro-
12
Fire
Injury and possible death, Demolish IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, , Make aware the people ,
Storm of Physical property -Houses, Give training on First Aid, Change the CGI roofing with RCC roofing, Make
Physical Materials, obstruct aware the people about hazard , Conduct the training to the people on Rescue
85
Communication, Obstruct road, and Relief, Make a participation from all stakeholders in any development
felling of tree, Fire works, Establish the emergency fund in a community, Widen the access Road,
Establish the early warning system, Pre prepared to cope the disaster.
Epidemic environment degradation safely, Give attention in proper sanitation, Give training on First Aid, Establish
the early warning system. Regularize drinking water supply from the
government.
Earthquake
Fire
KTM Metro-
15
Injury and possible death, Demolish IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, , Make aware the people ,
of Physical property -Houses, Give training on First Aid, Change the CGI roofing with RCC roofing, Make
Physical Materials, obstruct aware the people about hazard , Conduct the training to the people on Rescue
Storm
Communication, Obstruct road, and Relief, Make a participation from all stakeholders in any development
felling of tree, Fire works, Establish the emergency fund in a community, Widen the access Road,
Establish the early warning system
Epidemic environment degradation safely, Give attention in proper sanitation, Give training on First Aid, Widen
the access Road, and Establish the early warning system. Regularize drinking
water supply from the government.
Earthquake
Fire
KTM Metro-
18 Widen the access Road, Establish the early warning system
Injury and in most cases death, Strictly implement the Traffic rules.
Disability, Damage of Physical Needs good Management of the traffic. Widen the road width, Construct
Road Accident
properties, Loss of money alternative routes to smooth flow of traffic, Give knowledge and skills to the
pedestrian about traffic rules, Give training to the traffic rules to driver
Destruction of House, and trainings for preparedness , Provide Search & Rescue Training to the
infrastructures, Environment people ,Preserve Food, Train local mason about earthquake resisting house,
Earthquake degradation, Damage of livelihoods Form a Disaster Risk Reduction Team in a ward, Take suggestion from
Engineers for the construction of building and other infrastructures, Make a
participation from all stakeholders in any development works, Establish the
emergency fund in a community,
KTM Metro- Death, Injure, Displace IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, Keep gas cylinder in open
23 Burnt Physical property -Houses, space, keep match box at place where children cannot reach, Make aware the
Fire Physical Materials people , Make a participation from all stakeholders in any development
Burn Infrastructures, livelihood works, Establish the emergency fund in a community,
system, environmental degradation
Epidemic
environment degradation safely, Give attention in proper sanitation, Give training on First Aid,
KTM
Earthquake Destruction of House, and trainings for preparedness , Provide Search & Rescue Training to the
Metro-27
86
degradation, Damage of livelihoods Form a Disaster Risk Reduction Team in a ward, Take suggestion from
participation from all stakeholders in any development works, Establish the
emergency fund in a community,
Burnt Physical property -Houses, space, keep match box at place where children cannot reach, Make aware the
Death/ burn/ Displace - IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, , Make aware the people ,
People, Livestock Give training on First Aid,
Storm Burnt/ Demolish of Physical
property -Houses, Physical
Materials, Fire
Epidemic crisis, decrease in livelihood, & clean, conduct health awareness campaign and trainings. Keep the food
Destruction of House, and trainings for preparedness , Provide Search & Rescue Training to the
Earthquake degradation, Damage of livelihoods Form a Disaster Risk Reduction Team in a ward, Take suggestion from
KTM participation from all stakeholders in any development works, Establish the
Metro-28 emergency fund in a community,
Road Disability, Damage of Physical Needs good Management of the traffic. Widen the road width, Construct
Accident properties, Loss of money alternative routes to smooth flow of traffic, Give knowledge and skills to the
Death, Injury, Displace Construction of Earthquake resistant Houses, IEC materials exhibition
Destruction of House, posters and pamphlets, conduct awareness campaign and trainings for
infrastructures, Environment preparedness , Provide Search & Rescue Training to the people ,Preserve
degradation, Damage of livelihoods Food, Train local mason about earthquake resisting house, Form a Disaster
Earthquake
Risk Reduction Team in a ward, Take suggestion from Engineers for the
construction of building and other infrastructures, Make a participation from
all stakeholders in any development works, Establish the emergency fund in a
community,
KTM Death, Injure, Displace IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, Keep gas cylinder in open
Metro-29 space, keep match box at place where children cannot reach, Make aware the
Burnt Physical property -Houses,
Road Disability, Damage of Physical Manage the traffic. Widen the road width, Construct alternative routes to
Accident properties, Loss of money smooth flow of traffic, Give knowledge and skills to the pedestrian about
traffic rules
Earthquake
KTM all stakeholders in any development works, Establish the emergency fund in a
Metro-30 community,
Earthquake
KTM all stakeholders in any development works, Establish the emergency fund in a
Metro-31 community,
87
Earthquake
all stakeholders in any development works, Establish the emergency fund in a
community,
KTM Death, Injure, Displace IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, Keep gas cylinder in open
Metro-34 space, keep match box at place where children cannot reach, Make aware the
Burnt Physical property -Houses,
Road Disability, Damage of Physical Manage the traffic. Widen the road width, Construct alternative routes to
Accident properties, Loss of money smooth flow of traffic, Give knowledge and skills to the pedestrian about
traffic rules
Destruction of House, and trainings for Disaster preparedness , Form a Disaster Risk Reduction
infrastructures, Environment Team in a ward, Take suggestion from Engineers for the construction of
Earthquake
degradation, Damage of building and other infrastructures, Make a participation from all stakeholders
livelihoods in any development works, Establish the emergency fund in a community,
KIR MUN-8
Fire Burn Infrastructures, livelihood the people on Rescue and Relief, Make a participation from all stakeholders
system, environmental in any development works, Establish the emergency fund in a community,
degradation Widen the Road for access of Fire brigade Establish the early warning
system
Earthquake
KIR MUN-9 Physical Materials cannot reach, Make aware the people about hazard , Conduct the training to
system
Road Disability, Damage of Physical Needs good Management of the traffic. Widen the road width, Construct
Accident properties, Loss of money alternative routes to smooth flow of traffic, Give knowledge and skills to the
Earthquake
KIR MUN-
11 Death, Injure, Displace IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, Keep gas cylinder in open
system
KIR MUN- infrastructures, Environment Team in a ward, Take suggestion from Engineers for the construction of
Earthquake
16 degradation, Damage of building and other infrastructures, Make a participation from all stakeholders
88
system
Death, Injury, Displace of people, Construction of Earthquake resistant Houses, IEC materials exhibition
Water Tank burst, posters and pamphlets, conduct awareness campaign and trainings for
Earthquake Demolition of House, preparedness , Conduct training for Disaster preparedness, Give training on
infrastructures, First Aid, Provide Search & Rescue Training to the people ,Preserve Food,
Cause Fire, Train local mason about earthquake resisting house
Burn/Death, Burnt Physical IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, Keep gas cylinder in open
MTM-3 property -Houses, Physical space, keep match box at place where children cannot reach, keep the
Fire
Materials industry and kiln far from inhabitants, Make aware the people , Give training
on First Aid, Keep the water tank in safe place,
Epidemic
Water Tank burst, posters and pamphlets, conduct awareness campaign and trainings for
Earthquake Demolition of House, preparedness , Conduct training for Disaster preparedness, Give training on
MTM -6 infrastructures, First Aid, Provide Search & Rescue Training to the people ,Preserve Food,
Cause Fire, Train local mason about earthquake resisting house
property -Houses, Physical space, keep match box at place where children cannot reach, keep the
Fire
Epidemic
People, Livestock Give training on First Aid,
Storm Burnt/ Demolish of Physical
Materials, Fire
People IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, , Make aware the people ,
Flood Physical-House, Land, Water Give training on First Aid, Make gabion box, Plant trees at bank of the river
source & distribution pipes,
Burn/Death IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, Keep gas cylinder in open
Burnt Physical property -Houses, space, keep ignition materials and match box at place where children cannot
Fire
Physical Materials reach, Make aware the people about disaster preparedness , Give training on
Burn Infrastructures First Aid, Keep the water tank in safe place,
MTM-8
Death, Injury, Displace of people Construction of Earthquake resistant Houses, IEC materials exhibition
Demolition of House and posters and pamphlets, conduct awareness campaign and trainings for
Earthquake
infrastructures, Disaster preparedness , Give training on First Aid, Provide Search & Rescue
Cause Fire Training to the people , Train people to cope any kind of Disasters,
Death Construction of Earthquake resistant Houses, conduct awareness campaign
Injury and trainings for preparedness , Conduct training for Disaster preparedness,
Displace Give training on First Aid, Provide Search & Rescue Training to the people
Earthquake
Demolition of House, ,Preserve Food, Train local mason about earthquake resisting house, retrofit
infrastructures the old House
Fire
Epidemic
environment degradation safely, Give attention in proper sanitation, Give training on First Aid, Place a
dumping site far from inhabitants,
MTM-10
Burn/Death keep gas cylinder in open space, keep match box at place where children
Burnt Physical property -Houses, cannot reach, keep the industry and kiln far from inhabitants, Make aware
Fire
Physical Materials the people , Give training on First Aid, Keep the water tank in safe place,
Death/ burn/ Displace -People, IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, , Make aware the people ,
Livestock Give training on First Aid, keep the industry and kiln far from inhabitants,
Burnt/ Demolish of Physical Keep the ignited material out of reach of children
Storm
Materials
Fire
Death Construction of Earthquake resistant Houses, conduct awareness campaign
MTM-14 Earthquake
Injury and trainings for preparedness , Conduct training for Disaster preparedness,
89
Displace Give training on First Aid, Provide Search & Rescue Training to the people
Demolition of House, ,Preserve Food, Train local mason about earthquake resisting house, retrofit
infrastructures the old House
Fire
Epidemic
environment degradation safely, Give attention in proper sanitation, Give training on First Aid, Place a
dumping site far from inhabitants,
Burn/Death keep gas cylinder in open space, keep match box at place where children
Burnt Physical property -Houses, cannot reach, keep the industry and kiln far from inhabitants, Make aware
Fire
Physical Materials the people , Give training on First Aid, Keep the water tank in safe place,
Death/ burn/ Displace -People, IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, , Make aware the people ,
Livestock Give training on First Aid, keep the industry and kiln far from inhabitants,
Burnt/ Demolish of Physical Keep the ignited material out of reach of children
Storm
Materials
Fire
Demolition of House and posters and pamphlets, conduct awareness campaign and trainings for
Earthquake
infrastructures, preparedness , Give training on First Aid, Provide Search & Rescue Training
Cause Fire, to the people , Train local mason about earthquake resisting house
property -Houses, Physical space, keep match box at place where children cannot reach, Make aware
MTM-16 Fire
Materials the people , Give training on First Aid, Keep the water tank in safe place,
Epidemic
environment degradation safely, Give training on First Aid,
Death, Injury, Displace of people Construction of Earthquake resistant Houses, IEC materials exhibition
Demolition of House, posters and pamphlets, conduct awareness campaign and trainings for
Earthquake infrastructures, preparedness , Conduct training for Disaster preparedness, Give training on
Cause Fire First Aid, Provide Search & Rescue Training to the people ,Preserve Food,
Train local mason about earthquake resisting house
Bhaktapur-
property -Houses, Physical space, keep match box at place where children cannot reach, keep the
5 Fire
Epidemic
Demolition of House, posters and pamphlets, conduct awareness campaign and trainings for
infrastructures, Fire preparedness through media, Conduct training and street drama for Disaster
Earthquake
preparedness, Give training on First Aid, Provide Search & Rescue Training
to the people ,Preserve Food, Train local mason about earthquake resisting
house
Bhaktapur- property -Houses, Physical space, keep match box at place where children cannot reach, keep the
7 Fire Materials industry and kiln far from inhabitants, Make aware the people , Give training
on First Aid, Keep the water tank in safe place, Don’t stock firewood and
thatch in kitchen
People, Livestock Give training on First Aid, keep the industry and kiln far from inhabitants,
Strom Burnt/ Demolish of Physical Keep the ignited
Materials, Fire
Epidemic
environment degradation safely, Wash the hands before taking food, Give attention in proper
sanitation, Give training on First Aid, Consultation with eye expert frequently
Death, injury, Displace, losses of Construction of Earthquake resistant Houses, IEC materials exhibition
property including livestock posters and pamphlets, conduct awareness campaign and trainings for
Earthquake preparedness through media, Conduct training and street drama for Disaster
Bhaktapur- preparedness, Give training on First Aid, Provide Search & Rescue Training
8 to the people ,Preserve Food
Epidemic crisis, decrease in livelihood, & clean, conduct health awareness campaign and trainings. Give attention in
environment degradation, blindness proper sanitation, Give training on First Aid, Consultation with expert
90
frequently,
Death and injury, losses of IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, Keep gas cylinder in open
property/homeless, damage of space, keep match box at place where children cannot reach, keep the
Fire livelihood system, environmental industry and kiln far from inhabitants, Make aware the people , Give training
degradation on First Aid, Keep the water tank in safe place, Don’t stock firewood and
thatch in kitchen
Injury ,loss of property IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, , Make aware the people ,
Storm
Give training on First Aid, keep the industry and kiln far from inhabitants
Fire
livelihood system, environmental industry and kiln far from inhabitants, Put off light, Make aware the people ,
degradation Give training on First Aid,
Bhaktapur- Injury ,loss of property IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, , Make aware the people ,
Storm
9 Give training on First Aid,
crisis, decrease in livelihood, & clean, conduct health awareness campaign and trainings. Give attention in
Epidemic
environment degradation, blindness proper sanitation, Give training on First Aid, Consultation with eye expert
frequently
Death, injury, Displace, losses of Construction of Earthquake resistant Houses, IEC materials exhibition
property including livestock posters and pamphlets, conduct awareness campaign and trainings for
Earthquake
preparedness through media, Stay in Ground Floor, Conduct training and
street drama for Disaster preparedness, Give training on First Aid,
Bhaktapur- Fire
livelihood system, environmental industry and kiln far from inhabitants, Put off light, Make aware the people ,
12 degradation Give training on First Aid
Injury ,loss of property IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, , Make aware the people ,
Storm
Give training on First Aid,
Epidemic crisis, decrease in livelihood, & clean, conduct health awareness campaign and trainings. Give attention in
environment degradation, blindness proper sanitation, Give training on First Aid
Death, injury, Displace, losses of Construction of Earthquake resistant Houses, IEC materials exhibition,
property including livestock conduct awareness campaign and trainings for preparedness through media,
Earthquake
Stay in Ground Floor, Conduct training and street drama for Disaster
preparedness, Give training on First Aid,
Death and injury, losses of IEC materials exhibition, Keep gas cylinder in open space, keep match box at
Bhaktapur-
property/homeless, damage of place where children cannot reach, keep the industry and kiln far from
13 Fire
livelihood system, environmental inhabitants, Put off light, Make aware the people , Give training on First Aid
degradation
Illness, may cause death, Financial IEC materials exhibition, Keep the water source neat & clean, conduct health
Epidemic crisis, decrease in livelihood, awareness campaign and trainings. Give attention in proper sanitation, Give
environment degradation, blindness training on First Aid
property including livestock conduct awareness campaign and trainings for preparedness through media,
Earthquake Avoid keeping picture frame on wall near bed, Conduct training for
preparedness, Give training to mason to build earthquake resistant houses,
Avoid keeping flower pot on parapet wall, training on First Aid,
property/homeless, damage of place where children cannot reach, keep the industry and kiln far from
Fire
livelihood system, environmental inhabitants, properly Manage the insulated Electric wire, doorstep
Bhaktapur-
degradation awareness, proper management of water stock (Construction of ponds)
14
Sick and death, Epidemics and IEC materials exhibition, Keep the water source neat & clean, conduct health
Epidemic common disease awareness campaign and trainings. Give attention in proper sanitation,
Environmental degradation and
decrease on livelihood
Epidemic crisis, decrease in livelihood, awareness campaign and trainings. Give attention in proper sanitation,
environment degradation, blindness
Earthquake property including livestock conduct awareness campaign and trainings for preparedness through media
,Conduct training for preparedness,
Bhaktapur-
property/homeless, damage of place where children cannot reach, doorstep awareness,
16 Fire
livelihood system, environmental
degradation
injury, Displace, losses of property IEC materials exhibition, Keep gas cylinder in open space, keep match box at
Flood
including livestock place where children cannot reach, doorstep awareness,
91
crisis, decrease in livelihood, awareness campaign and trainings. Give attention in proper sanitation,
Epidemic environment degradation, blindness
Dead, Injury, Displace Construction of Earthquake resistant Houses, conduct awareness campaign
Earthquake
LALI MUNI Injury and in most cases Dead, Strictly implement the Traffic rules. Manage the traffic. Widen the road width,
Road
1 Disability, Damage of Physical Construct alternative routes to smooth flow of traffic, Give knowledge and
Accident
properties, Loss of money skills to the pedestrian about traffic rules
Illness, may cause Dead, Financial IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, Keep the water source neat
crisis, decrease in livelihood, & clean, conduct health awareness campaign and trainings, Give attention in
Epidemic environment degradation proper sanitation, Give training on First Aid, Widen the access Road, and
Establish the early warning system. Regularize drinking water supply from
the government. Literate the old women
Earthquake
Road
Accident
Earthquake
LALI MUNI livelihoods in any development works, Establish the emergency fund in a community,
Injury and in most cases Dead, Strictly implement the Traffic rules. Manage the traffic. Widen the road width,
Road
Disability, Damage of Physical Construct alternative routes to smooth flow of traffic, Give knowledge and
Accident
Earthquake
Road
Accident
Earthquake
Road
Accident
LALI MUNI infrastructures, Environment Team in a ward, Take suggestion from Engineers for the construction of
Earthquake
9 degradation, Damage of building and other infrastructures, Make a participation from all stakeholders
92
Road
Accident
Earthquake
LALI MUNI Widen the access Road, Establish the early warning system
11
Earthquake
LALI MUNI Widen the access Road, Establish the early warning system
12
Earthquake
Road
Accident
Earthquake degradation, Damage of building and other infrastructures, Make a participation from all stakeholders
livelihoods in any development works, Make a participation from all stakeholders in any
development works, Widen the access Road, Establish the early warning
system
LALI MUNI
16
Road
Accident
Earthquake
LALI MUNI Illness, may cause Dead, Financial IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, Keep the water source neat
22 crisis, decrease in livelihood, & clean, conduct health awareness campaign and trainings, Give attention in
Road
Accident
93
Table 9. Disaster Ranking Matrix
Vulnerability Prioritization in 46 wards of Kathmandu Valley

Road
Disaster Earthquake Fire Epidemic Storm Flood Landslide
Accident
Weighted
6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Value
Ranking 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Vulnerability High High Medium Medium Low Low Low
94
Road Storm
Accident Total
Elements Earthquake Fire Landslide Epidemic Flood
Score
Earthquake Earthquake
Earthquake Earthquake Earthquake Earthquake Earthquake 6
Fire Fire Fire Fire Fire
Fire Earthquake 5
Fire Epidemic Road Accident Flood
Landslide Earthquake Storm 0
Epidemic Earthquake
Fire
Epidemic
Road Accident
Epidemic
Epidemic 3
Road
Fire Road Road Road
Road Accident Earthquake
Accident
Accident
Accident Accident 4
Earthquake Fire Road
Flood Flood Epidemic
Accident
Storm 1
Earthquake Fire Road
Storm Storm Epidemic
Accident
Storm 2
Model of Problem Tree
95
Solution Tree
Root cause
96

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Nepal Red Cross Society

Disaster Management Department

Earthquake Preparedness for Safer Communities Programme

Bhktapur Madhya Thimi Kathmandu Kirtipur Lalitpur Sub

Existing Capacities and Coping Mechanisms:

• People • Jaundice, Diarrhea

• People,1000 families • 1200 Death

• 35% People • Death/ Injury/

• People, • 1080 Dead

• 110 People , • Dead

2044/045 Epidemic Many persons get ill

2044/045 Epidemic Many persons get ill

2046/3/5 Fire 40-50 displaced Neighbors, Local People, Local

No any casualty recorded Neighbors, Local People, Local

Neighbors, Local People, Local

Neighbors, Local People, Local

Neighbors, Local People, Local

Earthquake 1 person Death

2 Dead, 5 Injured Neighbors, Local People, Local

Neighbors, Local People, Local

Neighbors, Local People, Local

Neighbors, Local People, Local

Neighbors, Local People, Local

2065 Fire Neighbors, Local People, Local

Table 3: Vulnerability Matrix

• People • 30000 Death • Many Houses constructed without Physical

• People • 15 Death • Dense Traffic Physical

• 755 People • 50 Death • Many Houses constructed without Physical

• People • 200 Death • Dense Traffic Physical

• People • Burn/Death • Lack of knowledge & Skill Physical

• People • Death • Old House and other structures Physical

• People • Diarrhea and • Waste, Lack of Health Expert and Physical,

• 731 People , • Water born • Many Houses constructed without Physical

• People • Public Awareness • Local Materials are available and Human

Epidemic • People • Monitor water sources • Toilet in every house Human

• 100 People • Capable to change CGI roof • Self-earned money Human

• People • Capable to get treatment from • Traffic Police Human

Earthquake • People • Using traditional method to • Sufficient Manpower (Neighbors) Human

Storm • People • Public Awareness • Sufficient Manpower Human

• People • Give attention to the sanitation • Sufficient Manpower (Neighbors) Human

• People Keep source of water neat & Sufficient Manpower Human

• 2143 People Local man power use Sufficient water, Physical,

• People, • Skilled and unskilled person ,Red

Details of Vulnerability and Capacity factor of all community

Table 6: Stakeholder analysis

Kedar Narayan Social Community

Disaster Management Disaster

Primary Health Post

Nepal Electricity Authority

Ward Office Sulochana Shrestha

NRCS Baneshwor sub Branch Shyam Lal Tandukar

Mahaldev Sthan Chhar

Mahila Shrijanashil Kendra

Samudaik Prahari Sewa

Urban Health Clinic Kamal mainali

Mahila Jagaran Mancha Sunita Gautam

NRCS Mahabaudhha Sub Social Ward

Samusayik Sewa Parishad Social Study Ward

Community Learning Center Development Ward

Ward Office Ward

Syombhu Club Ward

Bghagawan Paun Club Ward

Chagal youwa Club Ward