I.

1. Allied –
2. The treaty, negotiated between January and June 1919 in Paris, was written by the Allies
with almost no participation by the Germans.
3. 440 Articles – which actually mostly about reassignment of German boundaries and
assignment of liabilities for reparations.
 After strict enforcement for five years, the French assented to the modification of
important provisions. Germany agreed to pay reparations under the Dawes Plan and
the Young Plan, but those plans were cancelled in 1932, and Hitler’s rise to power
and subsequent actions rendered moot
 It ended world war 1 but it is actually believed that it also triggered the World War 2
because aside from the part of League of Nations, it was a treaty with Germany and
how to take revenge from it.

II and III and IV and V

1. Woodrow was the president of the US during this time

2. It is important because it really informs of what happened in the Treaty of Versailles and also
caused tension in the Paris Peace Conference between those who would want reparation and
angry at Germans and those who are more idealistic like Woodrow.
3. The number one and two refer to what happened during world war 1 that there were secrets
covenants and alliances that led to the Word War 1. SO this is Woodrow saying that “Hey lets
just do everything out in the open public”
4. This what actually the big idea of having like a club of all nations to resolve disputes and make
sure there wont be another World War.
5. Very idealistic of Woodrow which of course didn’t sit very well with Europe who keeps getting
into wars with each other.
6. One of the opposition was Clemenceau who is the PM of France even said “Mr Wilson bores me
with his 14 when God Almighty has only 10”
7. But it 14 points get formed as an outcome of Tretaty of Versailles which frmulated the League
of the Nations

VI.

1. The Paris Peace Conference wasn’t really peaceful

2. This means that everyone in Europe is actually talking about territory and imperialism and how
do they take control of other people, of resources and then you have the American President
which is saying all about self determination, making the world safe for democracy and open
agreements.
3. Europe are more of looking for revenge especially against Germans
4. Later we will see the more in details the provisions of the treaty
5. But one win that Woodrow was able to get out of the Treaty was the league of the Nations
6. Ironical though that US didn’t ratify it because they were suspicious of these kind of extra
national organizations especially Article X of the treaty which says that the committed the
members to go to war on each other’s behalf in the event of unprovoked act of aggression. They
 say it would commit the US to an alliance system that could lead to another war. So Congress
did not ratify it.

VII. refer to picture

VIII

IX. 1. Example is in 1926, the League negotiated a peaceful outcome between Iraq and Turkey over the
province of Monsul and in early 1930s, it successfully mediated a resolution to the border dispute
between Colombia and Peru

2. There were no mechanisms like in UN.

3. Hence, they are not bound to respect the rules and obligations of membership. Especially US who did
not ratify it therefore did not take part in effectivity of the provisions

DIFFERENCEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE

1. The League's failure to prevent the outbreak of World War II in 1939 did not destroy the belief
in the need for a universal organization. On the contrary, it bred a determination to learn from
the mistakes of the past and to build a new world body more adequately equipped to maintain
international peace in the future.
2. Ff
3. It took into account the views of smaller nations especially their concern to give the new
organization far-reaching responsibilities in promoting economic and social cooperation and the
independence of colonial peoples
4. League’s Cuncil was responsible for decisions and responsibilities for maintaining peace so its
crucial. UN learned from that mistake
5. Collective enformecent measures like diplomatic, economic then military sanctions.
6. it failed to secure or retain the membership of certain major powers whose participation and
cooperation were essential to make it an effective instrument for preserving the peace. Despite
President Wilson's advocacy, the United States did not join, and the USSR joined only in 1934,
when the League had already shown itself unable to contain the aggressive policies of Germany,
Italy, and Japan. The three aggressor states themselves withdrew their membership during the
1930s to pursue their expansionist aims.

While UN with only a few smaller countries still unrepresented. By November 2002, its
membership had reached 19

7. The league Nevertheless, the League performed valuable work in several fields: notably, working
to eliminate the illegal sale of women and children, the "white slave" trade; providing assistance
for refugees; reducing traffic in opium and other dangerous narcotics; and getting nations to
lessen trade restrictions.
X. Part II specified Germany’s new boundaries, giving Eupen-Malmedy to Belgium, Alsace-Lorraine back
to France, substantial eastern districts to Poland, Memel to Lithuania, and large portions of Schleswig to
Denmark

Part IV stripped Germany of all its colonies, and Part V reduced Germany’s armed forces to very low
levels and prohibited Germany from possessing certain classes of weapons, while committing the Allies
to eventual disarmament as well – this is to make sure that Germany would never again pose a military
threat to the rest of Europe.

XI. 1. Part VIII established Germany’s liability for reparations without stating a specific figure and began
with Article 231, in which Germany accepted the responsibility of itself and its allies for the losses and
damages of the Allies “as a consequence of the war imposed upon them by the aggression of Germany
and her allies

2. It is the most controversial because it explicitly and directly blamed Germany for the outbreak of
hostilities. It forced Germany to pay a staggering amount of $5 billion as reparation to Allied powers

Part IX imposed numerous other financial obligations upon Germany and assessed about
$33Billion and the economists declared that such amount could not be collected without
upsetting national finances.

XII. Historians believe that the terms of the treaty laid psychological and economic groundwork for the
rise of Nazi party, which capitalized on German resentment of the burdens imposed by the Allied
powers after World War I.

The treaty is abasically putting Germany to blame because it is true that many believe Germany was to
blame. Though contemporary historians are still split on who should be held responsible for World War
I, the treaty blamed and punished Germany because before they declared war against Russia and
France, Austria hungary declared war on Serbia, and others already had happened.

XIII. Though there was a real desire for peace in the wake of the disastrous war, the treaty did not
achieve its intended effects. Furious at what they saw as a harsh “diktat” (a dictated peace), right-wing
German politicians used the treaty as a nationalist rallying point. The staggering
reparations payments reduced the country’s industrial output, and other forces thrust Germany into
hyperinflation in the 1920s, which played into the economic instability of the Great Depression..

It was maybe a catalyst for giving energy to extremists of Germany hence, the major involvement also
in World War 2

Today, the Treaty of Versailles lingers as a study in how, when it comes to war, unintended
consequences can negate even the best intentions.