MATH 147

CALCULUS 2
Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the student must be able to :
1. Discuss the formula using integration by parts
2. Evaluate integrals through the application of the by parts
formula
 TECHNIQUES OF INTEGRATION
INTEGRATION BY PARTS

𝑢𝑑𝑣 = 𝑢𝑣 − 𝑣𝑑𝑢 + 𝐶
 Evaluate each integral

1. ∫xln2x dx
 Example 2
2. ∫xsin2x dx
3.
Continuation
Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the student must be able to :
1. Use algebraic substitution to transform integrals readily
integrable by some known process
2. Evaluate integrals using algebraic substitution
 INTEGRATION BY ALGEBRAIC SUBSTITUTION

• In algebraic substitution, the variable of integration is changed

in order to reduce an integrand to a simple and integrable form.
This is done with substituting the variable of integration using a
function of a new variable.
 Evaluate each integral

1. 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Example
Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the student must be able to :
1. Discuss the transformations of integrals involving certain sum
or difference of two squares
2. Evaluate integrals involving the sum or the difference of two
squares
INTEGRATION BY TRIGONOMETRIC SUBSTITUTION

• 𝒂𝟐 − 𝒖𝟐 ; u= a sin𝜽
• 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒖𝟐 ; u = a tan𝜽
• 𝒖𝟐 − 𝒂𝟐 ; u = a sec𝜽
 Evaluate each integral
1.
Continuation
Example 2
Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the student must be able to :
1. Use special substitutions for the basic trigonometric functions
2. Evaluate integrals using specific substitution of trigonometric
functions
 INTEGRATION BY HALF AN ANGLE SUBSTITUTION

1
Let z= 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑢
2
1−𝑧 2
• cos 𝑢 =
1+𝑧 2
2𝑧
• 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑢 =
1+𝑧 2
2𝑑𝑧
• 𝑑𝑢 =
1+𝑧 2
Evaluate each integral
2𝑑𝑡
2𝑑𝑥 2∗
1+𝑡2
1. = 1−𝑡2 2𝑡
=
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 +
1+𝑡2 1+𝑡2
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
4∗ 2
=4∗ 2
=
1 + 2𝑡 − 𝑡 2− 𝑡−1
1 −1
𝑡−1
4∗ ∗ 𝑡𝑎𝑛ℎ +C
2 2

𝟏
𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝒙 − 𝟏
= 𝟐 𝟐 ∗ 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒉−𝟏 𝟐 +𝐂
𝟐
TOPICS
Integration of Rational Function by Partial Fraction
1. Linear Factors
2. Repeated Linear Factors
3. Quadratic Factors with Imaginary Roots
4. Repeated Quadratic Factors with Imaginary Roots
Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the student must be able to :
1. Classify rational fractions and resolve rational fractions into
sum of proper fractions
2. Evaluate the integration of rational fractions
 INTEGRATION BY PARTIAL FRACTIONS
𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
• For
𝑔(𝑥)
Where the degree of g(x) is greater than f(x)
Case I: Distinct Linear Factors Denominator
𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
• = + + 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥+𝑎)(𝑥+𝑏)(𝑥+𝑐) 𝑥+𝑎 𝑥+𝑏 𝑥+𝑐
Case II : Repeated Linear Factors Denominator
𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
𝑛
= + 2
+ 𝑛
𝑑𝑥
𝑥+𝑎 𝑥+𝑎 𝑥+𝑎 𝑥+𝑎
 Case III and Case IV

Case III. Quadratic Factor with Imaginary Roots Denominator

𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝐴 2𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 + 𝐵
= 𝑑𝑥
𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐

Case IV. Repeated Quadratic Factor with Imaginary Roots Denominator

𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝐴 2𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 + 𝐵 𝐶 2𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 + 𝐷 𝐸 2𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 + 𝐹
= + + 𝑑𝑥
𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 𝑛 2
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 2
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 2 2
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 𝑛
 Evaluate each integral
2𝑑𝑥
1. (𝑥+1)(𝑥−2)(𝒙−𝟑)
𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
2. 𝑥+1 2 (𝑥−2)
𝑥−2 𝑑𝑥
3. 𝑥 2 (𝑥 2 +1)
𝑥 𝟐 +𝟐𝒙+𝟒
4. 𝟐
(𝑥+2)(𝒙 +𝟐𝒙+𝟐)
𝑑𝑥
 References
1. The Calculus 7, by Leithold
2. INTEGRAL CALCULUS, By Dr. Sergio Ymas