TOEFL B, 5 July 2016, “Inserting Sentences” 1

Kris Sullivan

TOEFL B – “Inserting Sentences”, 5 July 2016

Key words/phrases from Reading Exercise 4: Passage Two (Lions)

** MATCH the English word/phrase to the correct Japanese definition **
** Check your answers using your vocabulary list **

1. unusual Æ p a) 餌食
2. hunt b) 高台，高位，etc
3. beneficial c) 捕食者，捕食動物，etc
4. mean d) ～を配置［配備］する，滞在させる
5. prey e) 残りの
6. capture f) ～に参加する，～に加わる
7. expend g) (ライオンなどの)群れ，一集団
8. standard (adjective) h) 高くなった，高めの，一段高い，etc
9. pattern i) 説明，描写
10. process j) (高いところにある)監視所，展望台，etc
11. initiate k) ～としての機能を果たす，役割をする，etc
12. station (verb) l) 標準の，標準的な，etc
13. raised (adjective) m) 迫る，～に押し寄せる，向かって前進する
14. elevation n) ～を費やす，消費する，etc
15. serve as o) 隠す
16. lookout p) 独特な，目だった，まれな，etc
17. spot (verb) q) 捕らえる
18. potential r) 有益な，役に立つ，etc
19. advance on s) 風下に，風下の
20. herd (noun) t) 狩り，狩る
21. downwind u) 発見する，見つける，etc
22. (be) up to (~ to ~) v) ～を見て分かるように
23. conceal w) を意味する，…とは～を指す［言う］，etc
24. as can be seen from ~ x) ～次第で，～の責任で，～は～に任せられる
25. description y) 決まったやり方
26. pride z) 可能性がある，潜在的な，etc
27. take part in aa) 始める
28. the rest of bb) 群れ
29. predators cc) 過程

Homework (Due 11:59pm, 11 July ~ http://shimonoseki-online.net

Reading Exercise 4: Passage 3 (pg.38) “Accidental Inventions” + Vocabulary Quiz Questions

ESSAY TEST DATE CHANGE: 12 JULY Æ 19 JULY
MAKE UP CLASS DATE CHANGE: 12 JULY Æ 19 JULY (5th/6th periods)
Bonus Points: Don’t forget about the bonus points system!
TOEFL B, 5 July 2016, “Inserting Sentences” 2
Kris Sullivan

Lions

Something unusual about lions is that they hunt in groups. Group hunting is beneficial to
lions because it means that much larger prey can be captured by the lions. It also means that
individual lions expend much less energy during a hunt.

There is a standard pattern to the process of hunting in groups. The process is initiated by a
single female, who stations herself at a raised elevation to serve as a lookout to spot potential
prey. When prey is spotted, a group of young lionesses advances on the herd and pushes the
herd in the direction of a different lioness who has hidden herself downwind. It is up to this
concealed female to choose the weakest member of the herd for the kill.

As can be seen from this description of the process, it is the females rather than the male or
males in the pride that take part in the kill. The younger and stronger females are the ones who
go on the attack. While the females are on the attack, the males stay behind to protect the rest
of the pride from attack by predators such as hyenas.

Read the passage and answer these questions:

a) What is the unique thing that lions do? _____________________________________

b) Why do they do it? _____________________________________

c) What is the role of female lions in it? _____________________________________

d) What is the role of male lions in it? _____________________________________

e) What is explained in the second paragraph? _____________________________________

1. Translate these sentences.

2. What hints are there about their position in the passage?
3. Decide where they belong in the passage (pg. 37).

1. Other cats do not.

2. This is usually accomplished by knocking the prey to the ground and breaking its neck.

3. Thus, the males have a defensive rather than an offensive role.

TOEFL B, 5 July 2016, “Inserting Sentences” 3
Kris Sullivan

Animal Group Names

In English, when we talk about groups of a particular animal, we refer to them using a
particular name. This group name will often change depending on the type of animal being
talked about. For example we say a pride of lions but not a pride of birds. (Note: sometimes
there is more than one possible animal group name for some animals.)

From the list below, choose the correct group name for each animal type:

Animal Animal Group Name

ants

bees

birds

dogs

dolphins

fish

geese

kangaroos

locusts

sheep

army flock gaggle herd mob

pack plague pod school swarm

An army of ants / A swarm of bees / A flock of birds / A pack of dogs / A pod of dolphins / A school of fish / A gaggle of geese / A mob of kangaroos / A plague of locusts / A herd of sheep