MANUAL

OF STEEL
CONSTRUCTION

LOAD &
RESISTANCE
FACTOR
DESIGN
Volume I

Structural Members,
Specifications,
& Codes

Volume II
Connections

Second Edition
1 - 186 DIMENSIONS AND PROPERTIES

Table 1-10.
Cambering of Rolled Beams
Maximum and Minimum Induced Camber
Sections, Nominal Specified Length of Beam, ft
Depth, in.
Over 30 to Over 42 to Over 52 to Over 65 to Over 85 to
42, incl. 52, incl. 65, incl. 85, incl. 100, incl.

Max. and Min. Camber Acceptable, in.

W shapes, 24 and over 1 to 2, 1 to 3, 2 to 4, 3 to 5, 3 to 6,

incl. incl. incl. incl. incl.

W shapes, 14 to 21, incl. 3⁄ to 21⁄2, 1 to 3,

4
and S shapes, 12 in. incl. incl. — — —
and over

Permissible Variations for Camber Ordinate

Lengths Plus Variation Minus Variation

50 ft and less 1⁄
2-in. 0

Over 50 ft 1⁄ -in.plus 1⁄ -in.

for each 10 ft or 0
2 8
fraction thereof in excess of 50 ft

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

STANDARD MILL PRACTICE 1 - 187

Table 1-11.
Positions for Measuring Camber and Sweep

Camber Sweep Camber Sweep*

Horizontal
surface

W SHAPES S SHAPES and M SHAPES

Camber Sweep* Camber Camber

Horizontal
surface Horz
onta
l sur
face
CHANNELS ANGLES TEES
*Due to the extreme variations in flexibility of these shapes, straightness tolerances for sweep are subject to
negotiations between manufacturer and purchaser for individual sections involved.

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

1 - 188 DIMENSIONS AND PROPERTIES

Table 1-12.
W Shapes, HP Shapes

1/ B 1/ B
2 B± 2 B±
E E

T′ T′

C A C A

T T
1/2 B±E 1/
2 B±
E

Permissible Variations in Cross Section

Section
Nominal
Size, in. A, Depth, in. B, Fig. Width, in.

C, Max.
Depth at
T+T′ any Cross-
Flanges, E a, section
Over Under Over Under out of Web off over Theo-
Theo- Theo- Theo- Theo- square, Center, retical
retical retical retical retical Max, in. Max, in. Depth, in.

To 12, inc. 1⁄ 1⁄ 1⁄ 3⁄ 1⁄ 3⁄ 1⁄
2 8 4 16 4 16 4

Over 12 1⁄ 1⁄ 1⁄ 3⁄ 5⁄ 3⁄ 1⁄
8 8 4 16 16 16 4

Permissible Variations in Length

Variations from Specified Length for Lengths for Given, in.

30 ft and Under Over 30 ft

W Shapes
Over Under Over Under
3⁄ 3⁄ 3⁄
8 plus ⁄16 for each
Beams 24 in. and 1 3⁄
8 8 8
under in nominal depth additional 5 ft or
fraction thereof
1⁄ 1⁄ 1⁄
2 plus ⁄16 for each
Beams over 24 in. nom. 1 1⁄
2 2 2
depth; all columns additional 5 ft or
fraction thereof
Notes:
aVariation of 5⁄ in. max. for sections over 426 lb / ft. Continued on next page
16

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

STANDARD MILL PRACTICE 1 - 189

Table 1-12 (cont.).

WP Shapes, HP Shapes
Other Permissible Variations
Area and weight variation: ±2.5 percent theorectical or specified amount.
Ends out-of-square: 1⁄64-in. per in. of depth, or of flange width if it is greater than the depth.

Camber and Sweep

Permissible Variation, in.
Sizes Length Camber Sweep

Sizes with flange width All

1⁄
(total length ft.)
equal to or greater than 8 in. ×
10
6 in.

Sizes with flange width All

1⁄
(total length ft.) 1⁄
(total length ft.)
less than 6 in. 8 in. × 8 in. ×
10 5

45 ft. and under

1⁄
(total length ft.)
8 in. × with 3⁄8 in. max.
10

Certain sections with a Over 45 ft.

3⁄
 (total length ft. − 45) 
flange width approx. 8 in. + 1⁄8 in. × 
 10 
equal to depth &
specified on order as
b
columns
bApplies only to W8×31 and heavier, W10×49 and heavier, W12×65 and heavier, W14×90 and heavier. If the
other sections are specified on the order as columns, the tolerance will be subject to negotiation with the
manufacturer.

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

1 - 190 DIMENSIONS AND PROPERTIES

Table 1-13.
S Shapes, M Shapes, and Channels

Permissible Variations in Cross Section

B B

T′ T′

A * A

T T

* Back of square and centerline of web to be parallel when measuring “out-of-square”

A, Depth in.a T + T ′b,

B, Flange Width, in.
Out of
Square per
Nominal Over Under Over Under Inch of
Section Size in. Theoretical Theoretical Theoretical Theoretical B, in.

S shapes 3 to 7, incl. 1⁄ 1⁄ 1⁄ 1⁄ 1⁄
2 16 8 8 32
and M Over 7 to 14, 1⁄ 3⁄ 5⁄ 5⁄ 1⁄
8 32 32 32 32
shapes incl.
Over 14 to 24, 3⁄ 1⁄ 3⁄ 3⁄ 1⁄
16 8 16 16 32
incl.

Channels 3 to 4, incl. 3⁄ 1⁄ 1⁄ 1⁄ 1⁄
32 16 8 8 32
Over 7 to 14, 1⁄ 3⁄ 1⁄ 5⁄ 1⁄
8 32 8 32 32
incl.
Over 14 3⁄ 1⁄ 1⁄ 3⁄ 1⁄
16 8 8 16 32

Permissible Variations in Length

Variations from Specified Length for Lengths Given, in.

Over Over Over

to 30 ft., 30 to 40 ft., 40 to 50 ft., 50 to 65 ft.,
incl. incl. incl. incl. Over 65 ft.
Section
Over Under Over Under Over Under Over Under Over Under

S shapes, 1⁄ 1⁄ 3⁄ 1⁄ 1 1⁄ 11⁄8 1⁄ 11⁄4 1⁄

2 4 4 4 4 4 4
M shapes and
Channels

Other Permissible Variations

Area and weight variation: ±2.5 percent theoretical or specified amount.

Ends out-of square: S shapes and channels 1⁄64-in. per in. of depth.
total length,ft
Camber = 1⁄8-in. ×
5

Notes:
aA is measured at center line of web for beams; and at back of web for channels.
bT + T′ applies when flanges of channels are toed in or out.

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

STANDARD MILL PRACTICE 1 - 191

Table 1-14.
Tees Split from W, M, and S Shapes,
Angles Split from Channels
Permissible Variations in Depth

A A A

Dimension A may be approximately one-half beam or channel depth, or any dimension resulting
from off-center splitting, or splitting on two lines as specified on the order.

Variations in Depth A Over and Under

Depth of Beam from which
Tees or Angles are Split Tees Angles

To 6 in., excl. 1⁄ 1⁄
8 8

6 to 16, excl. 3⁄ 3⁄
16 16

16 to 20, excl. 1⁄ 1⁄
4 4

20 to 24, excl. 5⁄ —
16

24 and over 3⁄ —
8

The above variations for depths to tees or angles include the permissible variations in depth for
the beams and channels before splitting.

Other Permissible Variations

Other permissible variations in cross section as well as permissible variations in length, area,
and weight variation, and ends out-of-square will correspond to those of the beam or channel be-
fore splitting, except
total length,ft
Camber = 1⁄8-in. ×
5

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

1 - 192 DIMENSIONS AND PROPERTIES

Table 1-15.
Angles, Structural Size
Permissible Variations in Cross Section

B T

B T

B Length of Leg, in.

Nominal Size, Over Under T, Out of Square
Section in.a Theoretical Theoretical per in. of B, in.

Angles 3 to 4, incl. 1⁄ 3⁄ 3⁄ b
8 32 128

Over 4 to 6, incl. 1⁄ 1⁄ 3⁄ b
8 8 128

Over 6 3⁄ 1⁄ 3⁄ b
16 8 128

Permissible Variations in Length

Variations from Specified Length for Lengths Given, in.

Over Over Over

to 30 ft., 30 to 40 ft., 40 to 50 ft., 50 to 65 ft.,
incl. incl. incl. incl. Over 65 ft.
Section Over Under Over Under Over Under Over Under Over Under

Angles 1⁄ 1⁄ 3⁄ 1⁄ 1 1⁄ 11⁄8 1⁄ 11⁄4 1⁄

2 4 4 4 4 4 4

Other Permissible Variations

Area and weight variation: ±2.5 percent theoretical or specified amount.

Ends out-of square: 3⁄128-in. per in. of leg length, or 11⁄2 degrees. Variations based on the longer
leg of unequal angle.
total length,ft
Camber = 1⁄8-in. × , applied to either leg
5
Notes;
aFor unequal leg angles, longer leg determines classification.
b1⁄
128 in. per in. = 1 ⁄2 deg.
1

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

STANDARD MILL PRACTICE 1 - 193

Table 1-16.
Angles, Bar Size*
Permissible Variation in Cross Section

B T

B T

Variations from Thickness for Thicknesses

a Given, Over and Under, in.
Specified B Length of T, Out of
Length of Leg, 3⁄ and Over 3⁄16 to Leg Over Square per
16
in. Under 3⁄ incl.
8 Over 3⁄8 and Under, in. Inch of B, in.

1⁄ 3⁄ b
1 and Under 0.008 0.010 32 128

3⁄ 3⁄ b
Over 1 to 2, incl. 0.010 0.010 0.012 64 128

1⁄ 3⁄ b
Over 2 to 3, excl. 0.012 0.015 0.015 16 128

Permissible Variations in Length

Variations Over Specified Length for Lengths Given
No Variation Under

50 to 10 ft. 10 to 20 ft. 20 to 30 ft. 30 to 40 ft. 40 to 65 ft.

Section excl. excl. excl. excl. excl.

All sizes of bar- 5⁄ 1 11⁄2 2 21⁄2

8
size angles

Other Permissible Variations

total length,ft
Camber: 1⁄4-in. in any 5 feet, or 1⁄4 in. ×
5
Straightness: Because of warpage, permissible variations for straightness do not apply to bars if
any subsequent heating operation has been performed.
Ends out-of-square: 3⁄128-in. per inch of leg length or 11⁄2 degrees. Variation based on longer leg
of an unequal angle.

Notes:
*A member is ‘‘bar size’’ when its greatest cross-sectional dimension is less than three inches.
aFor unequal leg angles, longer leg determines classification.
b1⁄
128 in. per in. = 1 ⁄2 degrees.
1

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

1 - 194 DIMENSIONS AND PROPERTIES

Table 1-17.
Steel Pipe and Tubing
Dimensions and Weight Tolerances
Round Tubing and Pipe (see also Table 1-4)

ASTM A53
Weight—The weight of the pipe as specified in Table X2 and Table X3 (ASTM Specification
A53) shall not vary by more than ±10 percent.
Note that the weight tolerance of ±10 percent is determined from the weights of the cus-
tomary lifts of pipe as produced for shipment by the mill, divided by the number of feet of
pipe in the lift. On pipe sizes over four inches where individual lengths may be weighed, the
weight tolerance is applicable to the individual length.
Diameter—For pipe two inches and over in nominal diameter, the outside diameter shall not
vary more than ±1 percent from the standard specified.
Thickness—The minimum wall thickness at any point shall not be more than 12.5 percent
under the nominal wall thickness specified.
ASTM 500
Diameter—For pipe two inches and over in nominal diameter, the outside diameter shall not
vary more than ±0.75 percent from the standard specified.
Thickness—The wall thickness at any point shall not be more than 10 percent under or over
the nominal wall thickness specified.
ASTM A501 and ASTM 618
Outside dimensions—For round hot-formed structural tubing two inches and over in nominal
size, the outside diameter shall not vary more than ±1 percent from the standard specified.
Weight (A501 only)—The weight of structural tubing shall be less than the specified value by
more than 3.5 percent.
Mass (A618 only)—The mass of structural tubing shall not be less than the specified value
by more than 3.5 percent.
Length—Structural tubing is commonly produced in random mill lengths and in definite cut
lengths. When cut lengths are specified for structural tubing, the length tolerances shall be in
accordance with the following table:

Over 22 to
22 ft and under 44 ft, incl.

Over Under Over Under

Length tolerance for specified cut lengths, in. 1⁄ 1⁄ 3⁄ 1⁄

2 4 4 4

Straightness—The permissible variation for straightness of structural tubing shall be 1⁄8-in.

times the number of feet of total length divided by 5. Continued on next page

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

STANDARD MILL PRACTICE 1 - 195

Table 1-17 (cont.).

Steel Pipe and Tubing
Dimensions and Weight Tolerances
Square and Rectangular Tubing (see also Table 1-4)

ASTM A500 and ASTM A618

Outside Dimensions—The specified dimensions, measured across the flats at positions at
least two inches from either end-of-square or rectangular tubing and including an allowance
for convexity or concavity, shall not exceed the plus and minus tolerance shown in the follow-
ing table:
a
Largest Outside Dimension Across Flats, in. Tolerance Plus an Minus, in.

21⁄2 and under 0.020

Over 21⁄2 to 31⁄2, incl. 0.025
Over 31⁄2 to 51⁄2, incl. 0.030
Over 51⁄2 1 percent
aThe respective outside dimension tolerances
include the allowances for convexity and concavity.

Lengths—Structural tubing is commonly produced in random lengths, in multiple lengths, and

in definite cut lengths. When cut lengths are specified for structural tubing, the length toler-
ances shall be in accordance with the following table:

22 ft and under Over 22 to 44 ft, incl.

Over Under Over Under

Length tolerance for specified cut lengths, in. 1⁄ 1⁄ 3⁄ 1⁄

2 4 4 4

Mass (A618 only)—The mass of structural tubing shall not be less than the specified value
by more than 3.5 percent.
Straightness—The permissible variation for straightness of structural tubing shall be 1⁄8-in.
times the number of feet of total length divided by five.
Squareness of sides—For square or rectangular structural tubing, adjacent sides may devi-
ate from 90 degrees by a tolerance of plus or minus two degrees maximum.
Radius of corners—For square or rectangular structural tubing, the radius of any outside cor-
ner of the section shall not exceed three times the specified wall thickness.
Twists—The tolerances for twist or variation with respect to axial alignment of the section, for
square and rectangular structural tubing, shall be as shown in the following table:

Specified Dimension of Longest Side, in. Maximum Twist per 3 ft of Length, in.

11⁄
2 and under 0.050
Over 11⁄2 to 21⁄2, incl. 0.062
Over 21⁄2 to 4, incl. 0.075
Over 4 to 6 incl. 0.087
Over 6 to 8, incl. 0.100
Over 8 0.112

Twist is measured by holding down one end of a square or rectangular tube on a flat sur-
face plate with the bottom side of the tube parallel to the surface plate and noting the height
that either corner, at the opposite end of the bottom side of the tube, extends above the sur-
face plate.
Wall thickness (A500 only)—The tolerance for wall thickness exclusive of the weld area shall
be plus and minus 10 percent of the nominal wall thickness specified. The wall thickness is
to be measured at the center of the flat.

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

1 - 196 DIMENSIONS AND PROPERTIES

Table 1-18.
Rectangular Sheared Plates and Universal Mill Plates
Permissible Variations in Width and Length for Sheared Plates
(11⁄2-in. and under in thickness)
Permissible Variations in Length Only for Universal Mill Plates
(21⁄2-in. and under in thickness)
Specified Variations over Specified Width and Length for Thickness,
Dimensions, in. in., and Equivalent Weights, lb per sq. ft., Given
To 3⁄8 excl. 3⁄
8 to 5⁄8 excl. 5⁄
8 to 1, excl. 1 to 2, incl.a
To 15.3, 15.3 to 25.5, 25.5 to 40.8, 40.8 to 81.7,
excl. excl. excl. incl.
Length Width Width Length Width Length Width Length Width Length
To 120, excl. To 60, excl. 3⁄ 1⁄ 7⁄ 5⁄ 1⁄ 3⁄ 5⁄ 1
8 2 16 8 2 4 8
60 to 84, excl. 7⁄ 5⁄ 1⁄ 11⁄ 5⁄ 7⁄ 3⁄ 1
16 8 2 16 8 8 4
84 to 108, excl 1⁄ 3⁄ 5⁄ 7⁄ 3⁄ 1 1 11 ⁄ 8
2 4 8 8 4
108 and over 5⁄ 7⁄ 3⁄ 1 7⁄ 11 ⁄8 11 ⁄8 11 ⁄ 4
8 8 4 8

120 to 240, excl. To 60, excl. 3⁄ 3⁄ 1⁄ 7⁄ 5⁄ 1 3⁄ 11 ⁄ 8

8 4 2 8 8 4
60 to 84, excl. 1⁄ 3⁄ 5⁄ 7⁄ 3⁄ 1 7⁄ 11 ⁄ 4
2 4 8 8 4 8
84 to 108, excl. 9⁄ 7⁄ 11⁄ 15 ⁄ 13 ⁄ 11 ⁄8 1 13 ⁄ 8
16 8 16 16 16
108 and over 5⁄ 1 3⁄ 11 ⁄8 7⁄ 11 ⁄4 11 ⁄8 13 ⁄ 8
8 4 8

240 to 360, excl. To 60, excl. 3⁄ 1 1⁄ 11 ⁄8 5⁄ 11 ⁄4 3⁄ 11 ⁄ 2

8 2 8 4
60 to 84, excl. 1⁄ 1 5⁄ 11 ⁄8 3⁄ 11 ⁄4 7⁄ 11 ⁄ 2
2 8 4 8
84 to 108, excl. 9⁄ 1 3⁄ 11 ⁄8 7⁄ 13 ⁄8 1 11 ⁄ 2
16 4 8
108 and over 11⁄ 11 ⁄8 7⁄ 11 ⁄4 1 13 ⁄8 11 ⁄4 13 ⁄ 4
16 8

360 to 480, excl. To 60, excl. 7⁄ 11 ⁄8 1⁄ 11 ⁄4 5⁄ 13 ⁄8 3⁄ 15 ⁄ 8

16 2 8 4
60 to 84, excl. 1⁄ 11 ⁄4 5⁄ 13 ⁄8 3⁄ 11 ⁄2 7⁄ 15 ⁄ 8
2 8 4 8
84 to 108, excl. 9⁄ 11 ⁄4 3⁄ 13 ⁄8 7⁄ 11 ⁄2 1 17 ⁄ 8
16 4 8
108 and over 3⁄ 13 ⁄8 7⁄ 11 ⁄2 1 15 ⁄8 11 ⁄4 17 ⁄ 8
4 8

480 to 600, excl. To 60, excl. 7⁄ 11 ⁄4 1⁄ 11 ⁄2 5⁄ 15 ⁄8 3⁄ 17 ⁄ 8

16 2 8 4
60 to 84, excl. 1⁄ 13 ⁄8 5⁄ 11 ⁄2 3⁄ 15 ⁄8 7⁄ 17 ⁄ 8
2 8 4 8
84 to 108, excl. 5⁄ 13 ⁄8 3⁄ 11 ⁄2 7⁄ 15 ⁄8 1 17 ⁄ 8
8 4 8
108 and over 3⁄ 11 ⁄2 7⁄ 15 ⁄8 1 13 ⁄4 11 ⁄4 17 ⁄ 8
4 8

600 to 720, excl. To 60, excl. 1⁄ 11 ⁄4 5⁄ 17 ⁄8 3⁄ 17 ⁄8 7⁄ 21 ⁄ 4

2 8 4 8
60 to 84, excl. 5⁄ 13 ⁄8 3⁄ 17 ⁄8 7⁄ 17 ⁄8 1 21 ⁄ 4
8 4 8
84 to 108, excl. 5⁄ 13 ⁄8 3⁄ 17 ⁄8 7⁄ 17 ⁄8 11 ⁄8 21 ⁄ 4
8 4 8
108 and over 7⁄ 11 ⁄2 1 2 11 ⁄8 21 ⁄4 11 ⁄4 21 ⁄ 2
8

720 and over, To 60, excl. 9⁄ 2 3⁄ 21 ⁄8 7⁄ 21 ⁄4 1 23 ⁄ 4

16 4 8
excl. 60 to 84, excl. 3⁄ 2 7⁄ 21 ⁄8 1 21 ⁄4 11 ⁄8 23 ⁄ 4
4 8
84 to 108, excl. 3⁄ 2 7⁄ 21 ⁄8 1 21 ⁄4 11 ⁄4 23 ⁄ 4
4 8
108 and over 1 2 11 ⁄8 23 ⁄8 11 ⁄4 21 ⁄2 13 ⁄8 3
Notes:
aPermissible variations in length apply also to Universal Mill plates up to 12 in. width for thicknesses over 2 to
21⁄2-in., incl. except for alloy steels up to 13⁄4-in. thick.
Permissible variations under specified width and length, 1⁄4-in. Table applies to all steels listed in ASTM A6.

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

STANDARD MILL PRACTICE 1 - 197

Table 1-19.
Rectangular Sheared Plates and Universal Mill Plates

Permissible Variations from Flatness (Carbon Steel Only)

Specified Variations from Flatness for Specified Widths, in.

Thickness, To 36 36 to 48, 48 to 60, 60 to 72, 72 to 84, 84 to 96, 96 to 108, 108 to
in. excl. excl. excl. excl. excl. excl. excl. 120, excl.
To 1⁄4, excl. 9⁄
16
3⁄
4
15⁄
16 11⁄4 13⁄8 11⁄2 15⁄8 13⁄4
1⁄ to 3⁄ , excl. 1⁄ 5⁄ 3⁄ 15⁄ 11⁄8 11⁄4 13⁄8 11⁄2
4 8 2 8 4 16
3⁄ to 1⁄ , excl. 1⁄ 9⁄ 5⁄ 5⁄ 3⁄ 7⁄ 1 11⁄8
8 2 2 16 8 8 4 8
1⁄ to 3⁄ , excl. 7⁄ 1⁄ 9⁄ 5⁄ 5⁄ 3⁄ 1 1
2 4 16 2 16 8 8 4
3⁄ to 1, excl. 7⁄ 1⁄ 9⁄ 5⁄ 5⁄ 5⁄ 3⁄ 7⁄
4 16 2 16 8 8 8 4 8
1 to 2, excl. 3⁄ 1⁄ 1⁄ 9⁄ 9⁄ 5⁄ 5⁄ 5⁄
8 2 2 16 16 8 8 8
2 to 4, excl. 5⁄ 3⁄ 7⁄ 1⁄ 1⁄ 1⁄ 1⁄ 9⁄
16 8 16 2 2 2 2 16
4 to 6, excl. 3⁄ 7⁄ 1⁄ 1⁄ 9⁄ 9⁄ 5⁄ 3⁄
8 16 2 2 16 16 8 4
6 to 8, excl. 7⁄ 1⁄ 1⁄ 5⁄ 11⁄ 3⁄ 7⁄ 7⁄
16 2 2 8 16 4 8 8

Permissible Variations in Camber for Carbon Steel

Sheared and Gas Cut Rectangular Plates
total length,ft
Maximum permissible camber, in. (all thicknesses) = 1⁄8-in. ×
5

Permissible Variations in Camber for Carbon Steel Universal Mill Plates,

High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel Sheared and Gas Cut Rectangular Plates,
Universal Mill Plates, Special Cut Plates
Dimension, in. Camber for Thicknesses
Thickness Width and Widths Given
To 2, incl. All 1⁄ in. × (total length, ft / 5)
8
Over 2 to 15, incl. To 30, incl. 3⁄ in. × (total length, ft / 5)
16
Over 2 to 15, incl. Over 30 to 60, incl. 1⁄ in. × (total length, ft / 5)
4
General Notes:
1. The longer dimension specified is considered the length, and permissible variations in flatness along the
length should not exceed the tabular amount for the specified width in plates up to 12 feet in length.
2. The flatness variations across the width should not exceed the tabular amount for the specified width.
3. When the longer dimension is under 36 inches, the permissible variation should not exceed 1⁄4-in. When the
longer dimension is from 36 to 72 inches, inclusive, the permissible variation should not exceed 75 percent of
the tabular amount for the specified width, but in no case less than 1⁄4-in.
4. These variations apply to plates which have a specified minimum tensile strength of not more than 60 ksi or
compatible chemistry or hardness. The limits in the table are increased 50 percent for plates specified to a
higher minimum tensile strength or compatible chemistry or hardness. See also next page.

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

1 - 198 DIMENSIONS AND PROPERTIES

Table 1-20.
Rectangular Sheared Plates and Universal Milled Plates

Permissible Variations from Flatness

(High-Strength Low-Alloy and Alloy Steel, Hot Rolled or Thermally Treated)

Specified Variations from Flatness for Specified Widths, in.

Thickness, To 36 36 to 48, 48 to 60, 60 to 72, 72 to 84, 84 to 96, 96 to 108, 108 to
in. excl. excl. excl. excl. excl. excl. excl. 120, excl.
To 1⁄4, excl. 13⁄
16 11⁄8 13⁄8 17⁄8 2 21⁄4 23⁄8 25⁄8
1⁄ to 3⁄ , excl. 3⁄ 15⁄ 11⁄8 13⁄8 13⁄4 17⁄8 2 21⁄4
4 8 4 16
3⁄ to 1⁄ , excl. 3⁄ 7⁄ 15⁄ 15⁄ 11⁄8 15⁄16 11⁄2 15⁄8
8 2 4 8 16 16
1⁄ to 3⁄ , excl. 5⁄ 3⁄ 15⁄ 7⁄ 1 11⁄8 11⁄4 13⁄8
2 4 8 4 16 8
3⁄ to 1, excl. 5⁄ 3⁄ 7⁄ 7⁄ 15⁄ 1 11⁄8 15⁄16
4 8 4 8 8 16
1 to 2, excl. 9⁄ 5⁄ 3⁄ 13⁄ 7⁄ 15⁄ 1 1
16 8 4 16 8 16
2 to 4, excl. 1⁄ 9⁄ 9⁄ 3⁄ 3⁄ 3⁄ 3⁄ 7⁄
2 16 16 4 4 4 4 8
4 to 6, excl. 9⁄ 11⁄ 3⁄ 3⁄ 7⁄ 7⁄ 15⁄ 11⁄8
16 16 4 4 8 8 16
6 to 8, excl. 5⁄ 3⁄ 3⁄ 15⁄ 1 11⁄8 11⁄4 15⁄16
8 4 4 16
General Notes:
1. The longer dimension specified is considered the length, and variations from a flat surface along the length
should not exceed the tabular amount for the specified width in plates up to 12 feet in length.
2. The flatness variation across the width should not exceed the tabular amount for the specified width.
3. When the longer dimension is under 36 inches, the variation should not exceed 3⁄8-in. When the longer
dimension is from 36 to 72 inches, inclusive the variation should not exceed 75 percent of the tabular amount
for the specified width.

Permissible Variations in Width for Universal Mill Plates

(15 inches and under in thickness)
Variations Over Specified Width for Thickness, in.,
and Equivalent Weights, lb per sq. ft., Given
To 3⁄8, 3⁄to 5⁄8
8
5⁄ to 1,
8 1 to 2, Over 2 to Over 10 to
excl. excl. excl. excl. 10, incl. 15, incl.
Specified To 15.3, 15.3 to 25.5 to 40.8 to 81.7 to 409.0 to
Width, in. excl. 25.5, excl. 40.8, excl. 81.7, incl. 409.0, incl. 613.0, incl.
Over 8 to 20, excl. 1⁄ 1⁄ 3⁄ 1⁄ 3⁄ 1⁄
8 8 16 4 8 2
20 to 36, excl. 3⁄ 1⁄ 5⁄ 3⁄ 7⁄ 9⁄
16 4 16 8 16 16
36 and over 5⁄ 3⁄ 7⁄ 1⁄ 9⁄ 5⁄
16 8 16 2 16 8
Notes:
Permissible variation under specified width, 1⁄8-in.
Table applies to all steels listed in ASTM A6.

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION