Integration Concept/

Formulas
Learning Objectives
At the end of the unit, the student is expected to:
1. Define anti-differentiation
2. Integrate functions that do not require transformations
3. Evaluate the constant of integration and definite integrals
4. Transform a function to fit a formula
5. Recognize and evaluate improper integrals
 Notation: Example: y=ax+b
Let y as the independent variable
x as the dependent variable
“The derivative Place the
dependent
of” variable here
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥
The derivative of y with respect to x. Place the
independent
variable here
Notation: Example: y=ax+b
Let y as the independent variable
x as the dependent variable
a and b are constants
“The derivative Place the
dependent
of” variable here

𝑑𝑦

The derivative of y.
NOTE: Consider all letters as dependent variable
unless they are explicitly specified as constants.
Anti differentiation
Differentiation has an inverse operation and the operation is called integration.
Antidifferentiation is the process of finding the antiderivative.
The symbol , also called the integral sign, denotes the operation of antidifferentiation.
Integration → Differentiation
Integration → Differentiation
Integration → Differentiation
Differentiation→ Integration
Differentiation→ Integration
Anti differentiation
If • The function f is called the
𝑑 integrand.
𝐹 𝑥 = 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 • F is an antiderivative of f
𝑑 • C is the constant of integration.
𝐹 𝑥 = 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 Note: small c is a constant
• The symbols and dx go hand-in-
𝐹 𝑥 +𝐶 = 𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 hand and dx helps us identify the
variable of integration.
• The expression F(x) + C is called the
general antiderivative of f. Meanwhile,
each antiderivative of f is called a
particular antiderivative of f.
Determine the antiderivative of the
following equations:
𝒚′ 𝒅𝒚 𝒚
3𝑥 2 3𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 𝑥3 + 𝐶
𝑥2
5𝑡 4
𝑡4
𝑥
 𝑛
II. Basic Formulas for 𝑥
Integral of dx
1𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 + 𝐶

𝑎 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑎 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝐶 Integral of a constant “a”

𝑛+1
𝑥
𝑥 𝑛 𝑑𝑥 = + 𝐶 , 𝑛 ≠ −1 POWER RULE
𝑛+1
1
𝑥 −1 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑥 = ln 𝑥 + 𝐶 Integral of an Inverse
𝑥

𝑓 𝑥 + 𝑔 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑔 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ADDITION/SUBTRACTION RULE
Problems
7 7 5 3 3
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 − 3 𝑑𝑘 − 3 𝑑𝑘 𝑢2 + −3
− 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢
𝑘 𝑘 𝑢 𝑢
4
3 7
2
7
𝑥 5 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 3 − 8𝑥 −5
𝑑𝑦 5𝑦 𝑑𝑦 2 𝑥 5 𝑑𝑥
𝑥
𝑡2 −8 −8
3𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑦 3
𝑑𝑦
4 3
𝑦4 𝑦4
3
4 2𝑡 −9𝑡 𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡
𝑒 𝑑𝑠 𝑑𝑠 3 𝑑𝑡
𝑠 𝑡